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DHS finaliza la norma sobre el formulario de registro de extranjeros y su evidencia

Publicado 29/06/2026Vigencia 29/06/2026

El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) emitió una norma final, vigente desde el 29 de junio de 2026, que confirma la norma final provisional de marzo de 2025 sobre el registro de extranjeros. La norma exige que quienes no se habían registrado previamente usen un formulario general de registro y actualiza qué documentos sirven como evidencia de registro, incluyendo el Formulario I-94 y las tarjetas de cruce fronterizo.

Puntos clave

A quién afecta

Afecta a los extranjeros que no se han registrado previamente ante el DHS, así como a los abogados de inmigración y empleadores que les asisten.

Qué hacer

Quienes deseen comentar sobre los cambios adicionales propuestos pueden enviar sus comentarios a través de regulations.gov antes del 28 de agosto de 2026.

Traducción completa

El texto oficial completo se archivó en este sitio el 2026-10-12. Sigue disponible aquí aunque el enlace original cambie o se elimine. La traducción fue hecha con IA párrafo por párrafo; solo el texto original en inglés tiene validez legal.
El original es muy extenso; se tradujeron los primeros 707 párrafos. El resto se muestra en el original.

Encabezados del documento
Document Headings
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Document headings vary by document type but may contain the following:
la agencia o agencias que emitieron y firmaron un documento
the agency or agencies that issued and signed a document
el número del título del CFR y el número de cada parte que el documento modifica, propone modificar o con la cual está directamente relacionado
the number of the CFR title and the number of each part the document amends, proposes to amend, or is directly related to
el número de expediente de la agencia / número de archivo interno de la agencia
the agency docket number / agency internal file number
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Consulte el Manual de Redacción de Documentos (Document Drafting Handbook) para obtener más detalles.
See the Document Drafting Handbook for more details.
Departamento de Seguridad Nacional
Department of Homeland Security
8 CFR Parte 264
8 CFR Part 264
[Número de CIS 2810-25; Número de expediente de DHS USCIS-2025-0004]
[CIS No. 2810-25; DHS Docket No. USCIS-2025-0004]
RIN 1615-AC96
RIN 1615-AC96
(página impresa 39248)
( printed page 39248)
AGENCIA:
AGENCY:
Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS), Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS).
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
ACCIÓN:
ACTION:
Norma final con solicitud de comentarios.
Final rule with request for comments.
RESUMEN:
SUMMARY:
El 12 de marzo de 2025, el DHS emitió una norma final provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) con solicitud de comentarios, que modifica las regulaciones del DHS para designar un nuevo formulario de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan con las disposiciones legales de registro y toma de huellas dactilares de extranjeros. Los extranjeros no registrados pueden utilizar este formulario de registro general para cumplir con sus obligaciones legales. Esta norma final responde a los comentarios públicos, modifica las regulaciones del DHS para ajustar las listas de formularios y procesos que pueden servir como formularios de registro y evidencia de registro de extranjeros, y solicita comentarios sobre otros posibles cambios a las regulaciones relacionadas con el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de extranjeros.
On March 12, 2025, DHS issued an interim final rule (IFR) with request for comments amending DHS regulations to designate a new registration form for aliens to comply with statutory alien registration and fingerprinting provisions. Unregistered aliens may use this general registration form to satisfy their statutory obligations. This final rule responds to public comments, amends DHS regulations to adjust the lists of forms and processes that may serve as registration forms and evidence of alien registration, and seeks comments on other potential changes to the regulations relating to alien registration and fingerprinting.
FECHAS:
DATES:
Esta norma final entra en vigor el 29 de junio de 2026.
This final rule is effective on June 29, 2026.
Período de comentarios para los comentarios solicitados: Los comentarios sobre los otros posibles cambios relacionados con el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de extranjeros descritos en la sección V, Solicitud de Comentarios, de este preámbulo deben presentarse a más tardar el 28 de agosto de 2026.
Comment period for solicited comments: Comments on the other potential changes relating to alien registration and fingerprinting described in section V, Request for Comments, of this preamble must be submitted on or before August 28, 2026.
DIRECCIONES:
ADDRESSES:
Período de comentarios para los comentarios adicionales solicitados: Usted puede presentar comentarios sobre los asuntos específicos identificados en la sección V, Solicitud de Comentarios, de este preámbulo a través del Portal Federal de Reglamentación Electrónica (Federal eRulemaking Portal) en https://www.regulations.gov, al Número de Expediente del DHS USCIS-2025-0004. Siga las instrucciones del sitio web para presentar comentarios.
Comment period for solicited additional comments: You may submit comments on the specific issues identified in section V, Request for Comments, of this preamble via Federal eRulemaking Portal at https://www.regulations.gov, to DHS Docket Number USCIS-2025-0004. Follow the website instructions for submitting comments.
Los comentarios presentados de una manera distinta a través de https://www.regulations.gov, incluidos los correos electrónicos o cartas enviados a los funcionarios del Departamento, no serán considerados y es posible que no reciban respuesta del Departamento. Tenga en cuenta que el Departamento no puede aceptar comentarios entregados en mano o enviados por mensajería. Además, el Departamento no puede aceptar comentarios contenidos en ningún tipo de medio de almacenamiento digital, como CD, DVD o unidades USB. El Departamento no está aceptando comentarios por correo postal en este momento. Si no puede presentar su comentario utilizando https://www.regulations.gov, comuníquese con John R. Pfirrmann-Powell, Jefe Interino, División de Coordinación Regulatoria, Oficina de Política y Estrategia, Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos, Departamento de Seguridad Nacional, por teléfono al (240) 721-3000 para obtener instrucciones alternativas.
Comments submitted in a manner other than via https://www.regulations.gov, including emails or letters sent to the Department's officials, will not be considered and may not receive a response from the Department. Please note that the Department cannot accept any comments that are hand-delivered or couriered. In addition, the Department cannot accept comments contained on any form of digital media storage, such as CDs, DVDs, or USB drives. The Department is not accepting mailed comments at this time. If you cannot submit your comment by using https://www.regulations.gov, please contact John R. Pfirrmann-Powell, Acting Chief, Regulatory Coordination Division, Office of Policy and Strategy, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security, by telephone at (240) 721-3000 for alternate instructions.
PARA MÁS INFORMACIÓN, COMUNICARSE CON:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Jefe de Rama, Rama de Residencia y Admisibilidad, División de Residencia y Naturalización, Oficina de Política y Estrategia, Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos, 5900 Capital Gateway Drive, Camp Springs, MD 20746; teléfono (240) 721-3000 (no es una llamada gratuita).
Branch Chief, Residence and Admissibility Branch, Residence and Naturalization Division, Office of Policy and Strategy, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, 5900 Capital Gateway Drive, Camp Springs, MD 20746; telephone (240) 721-3000 (not a toll-free call).
INFORMACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Índice
Table of Contents
I. Resumen Ejecutivo
I. Executive Summary
A. Fundamento y Propósito
A. Basis and Purpose
B. Autoridad Legal
B. Legal Authority
C. Resumen de los Cambios de la Norma Final Provisional a la Norma Final
C. Summary of the Changes From the Interim Final Rule to the Final Rule
D. Solicitud de Comentarios sobre Posibles Cambios Futuros
D. Request for Comments on Potential Future Changes
E. Divisibilidad
E. Severability
F. Costos y Beneficios
F. Costs and Benefits
II. Antecedentes
II. Background
A. Requisitos de Registro de Extranjeros de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad
A. Alien Registration Requirements of the Immigration and Nationality Act
B. Regulaciones Previas a la Norma Final Provisional de 2025
B. Regulations Prior to the 2025 IFR
C. La Norma Final Provisional de Marzo de 2025
C. The March 2025 IFR
III. Respuesta a los Comentarios Públicos sobre la Norma Final Provisional
III. Response to Public Comments on the IFR
A. Panorama General de los Comentarios sobre la Norma Final Provisional
A. Overview of Comments on the IFR
B. Apoyo a la Norma Final Provisional
B. Support for the IFR
C. Oposición a la Norma y Objeciones de Política
C. Opposition to the Rule and Policy Objections
1. Impactos Negativos Generales
1. General Negative Impacts
2. Impacto en Poblaciones Específicas
2. Impact on Specific Populations
3. Impacto en los Servicios Legales para Extranjeros
3. Impact on Aliens' Legal Services
4. Impacto en el Sistema de Inmigración y las Operaciones Gubernamentales
4. Impact on the Immigration System and Government Operations
5. Impacto en las Comunidades y la Seguridad Pública
5. Impact on Communities and Public Safety
D. Asuntos Legales y Disposiciones Legales
D. Legal Issues and Statutory Provisions
1. Autoridad Legal General y Legalidad de la Norma Final Provisional
1. General Legal Authority and Legality of the IFR
2. Fundamento Legal de la Norma Final Provisional
2. Legal Basis for the IFR
3. Preocupaciones Constitucionales Relacionadas con la Norma Final Provisional
3. Constitutional Concerns Related to the IFR
4. El Cumplimiento de la Norma Final Provisional con el Derecho Internacional
4. The IFR's Compliance With International Law
E. Aplicabilidad
E. Applicability
1. Aplicabilidad General
1. General Applicability
2. Aplicabilidad a Menores de Edad
2. Applicability to Minors
3. Aplicabilidad a Ciudadanos Canadienses
3. Applicability to Canadian Citizens
4. Aplicabilidad a Extranjeros que Solicitan Alivio Humanitario
4. Applicability to Aliens Seeking Humanitarian Relief
5. Aplicabilidad a Otras Poblaciones de Inmigrantes
5. Applicability to Other Immigrant Populations
F. Disposiciones Específicas de la Norma
F. Specific Rule Provisions
1. Estructura Reglamentaria del 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b)
1. Regulatory Structure of 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b)
2. Proceso de Presentación
2. Submission Process
3. Prueba de Registro
3. Proof of Registration
4. Proceso de Datos Biométricos
4. Biometrics Process
5. Cuota de Presentación
5. Filing Fee
6. Vigencia del Registro
6. Registration Validity
G. Otros Asuntos Relacionados con la Regla
G. Other Issues Relating to the Rule
1. Confidencialidad/Privacidad del Registro y la Toma de Huellas Dactilares
1. Confidentiality/Privacy of Registration and Fingerprinting
2. Cronograma de Implementación
2. Implementation Timeline
3. Otros Asuntos Relacionados con la Regla
3. Other Issues Related to the Rule
H. Requisitos Estatutarios y Reglamentarios
H. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
1. Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo
1. Administrative Procedure Act
2. Análisis de Impacto Regulatorio, Costos y Beneficios (Orden Ejecutiva 12866 y Orden Ejecutiva 13563)
2. Regulatory Impact Analysis, Costs, and Benefits (E.O. 12866 and E.O. 13563)
3. Otros Requisitos Estatutarios y Reglamentarios
3. Other Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
I. Fuera del Alcance
I. Out of Scope
1. Requisitos de Registro Conforme a Estatutos y Reglamentos Preexistentes
1. Registration Requirements Under Pre-Existing Statute and Regulation
2. Aplicación de Disposiciones Penales
2. Enforcement of Criminal Provisions
3. Otros Asuntos Fuera del Alcance (No Relacionados con los Requisitos de Registro)
3. Other Out of Scope (Not Related to Registration Requirements)
IV. Cambios Adicionales en la Regla Final
IV. Additional Changes in the Final Rule
A. Cambios a los Formularios de Registro Prescritos en el 8 CFR 264.1(a)
A. Changes to the Prescribed Registration Forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a)
1. Eliminación de Formularios de Registro Prescritos
1. Removing Prescribed Registration Forms
2. Actualización de los Nombres, Números y Clases Relacionadas de los Formularios de Registro Prescritos
2. Updating Prescribed Registration Form Names, Numbers, and Related Classes
B. Cambios a los Formularios que Constituyen Prueba de Registro en el 8 CFR 264.1(b)
B. Changes to Forms Constitute Evidence of Registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b)
1. Actualización del Formulario I-94 como Prueba de Registro
1. Updating Form I-94 as Evidence of Registration
2. Actualización de los Nombres y Números de los Formularios Relacionados con las Tarjetas de Cruce Fronterizo
2. Updating Forms Name and Numbers Related to Bordering Crossing Cards
3. Adición de Formularios que Constituyen Prueba de Registro
3. Adding Forms that Constitute Evidence of Registration
4. Eliminación de la Palabra “Formulario” en el 8 CFR 264.1(b)
4. Remove “Form” in 8 CFR 264.1(b)
C. Cambios a la Exención de Huellas Dactilares en el 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1)
C. Changes to Fingerprint Waiver in 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1)
D. Actualizaciones al 8 CFR 264.1(g)
D. Updates to 8 CFR 264.1(g)
E. Cambios a la Prueba Temporal de Estatus de Residente Permanente en el 8 CFR 264.5(h)
E. Changes to Temporary Evidence of Permanent Resident Status in 8 CFR 264.5(h)
F. Cambios Relacionados con la Solicitud del Registro de Llegada y Salida para No Inmigrantes en el 8 CFR 264.6
F. Changes to Related to the Application for a Nonimmigrant Arrival-Departure Record in 8 CFR 264.6
V. Solicitud de Comentarios
V. Request for Comments
A. Prescribir Formularios de Registro Adicionales para Alinearse con las Recopilaciones de Información del DHS y Asegurar la Evaluación y Verificación conforme a un Estándar Uniforme
A. Prescribe Additional Registration Forms To Align With DHS Information Collections and Ensure Screening and Vetting to a Uniform Baseline
B. Asegurar que se Proporcione Prueba de Registro a los Extranjeros que se Hayan Registrado y Hayan Sido Evaluados y Verificados conforme a un Estándar Uniforme
B. Ensuring That Evidence of Registration Is Provided to Aliens Who Have Registered and Been Screened and Vetted to a Uniform Baseline
1. Eliminación de Ciertos Formularios Prescritos de Prueba de Registro de Extranjeros del 8 CFR 264.1(b)
1. Eliminate Certain Prescribed Evidence of Alien Registration Forms From 8 CFR 264.1(b)
2. Actualizaciones a las Clases de Extranjeros para Quienes el Formulario I-94 Constituye Prueba de Registro Conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b)
2. Updates to the Classes of Aliens for Whom a Form I-94 Constitutes Evidence of Registration Under 8 CFR 264.1(b)
C. Emisión de Prueba de Registro Antes de la Adjudicación de la Solicitud de Beneficio Relacionada
C. Issuance of Evidence of Registration Prior to Adjudication of Related Benefit Request
D. Actualización de Exenciones Obsoletas del Requisito de Datos Biométricos para Ciertos No Inmigrantes
D. Updating Outdated Waivers of Biometrics Requirement for Certain Nonimmigrants
1. Eliminar o Reemplazar la Exención de Datos Biométricos para Ciertos Extranjeros No Inmigrantes
1. Eliminate or Replace the Biometrics Waiver for Certain Nonimmigrant Aliens
2. Aclarar “No Haber Sido Previamente Sometido a la Toma de Huellas Dactilares” en el 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2) y (3)
2. Clarify “Not Previously Fingerprinted” in 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2) and (3)
E. Requisito de Solicitar el Reemplazo de la Tarjeta de Residente Permanente cuando el Extranjero Cumple 14 Años de Edad
E. Requirement To Apply for Replace Permanent Resident Card When Alien Reaches 14 Years Old
VI. Requisitos Estatutarios y Reglamentarios
VI. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
A. Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo
A. Administrative Procedure Act
1. Excepción de Regla Procesal
1. Procedural Rule Exception
2. Fecha de Entrada en Vigor Diferida
2. Delayed Effective Date
B. Órdenes Ejecutivas 12866 y 13563
B. Executive Order 12866, 13563
1. Resumen
1. Summary
2. Población Afectada (página impresa 39249)
2. Affected Population ( printed page 39249)
3. Costos
3. Costs
4. Beneficios
4. Benefits
C. Ley de Flexibilidad Regulatoria
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Ley de Mandatos No Financiados de 1995
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
E. Ley de Equidad en la Aplicación de Reglamentos para la Pequeña Empresa de 1996 (Ley de Revisión del Congreso)
E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Congressional Review Act)
F. Orden Ejecutiva 13132 (Federalismo)
F. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
G. Orden Ejecutiva 12988 (Reforma de la Justicia Civil)
G. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)
H. Orden Ejecutiva 13175 (Consulta y Coordinación con los Gobiernos Tribales Indígenas)
H. Executive Order 13175 (Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments)
I. Evaluación Familiar
I. Family Assessment
J. Ley de Política Ambiental Nacional
J. National Environmental Policy Act
K. Ley de Reducción de Trámites
K. Paperwork Reduction Act
Tabla de Abreviaturas
Table of Abbreviations
APA, Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo
APA—Administrative Procedure Act
ADIT, Identificación y Telecomunicación de Documentación de Extranjeros
ADIT—Alien Documentation Identification and Telecommunication
ARR, Requisito de Registro de Extranjeros
ARR—Alien Registration Requirement
ASC, Centro de Apoyo para Solicitudes de USCIS
ASC—USCIS Application Support Center
BCC, Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo
BCC—Border Crossing Card
BIA, Junta de Apelaciones de Inmigración
BIA—Board of Immigration Appeals
CBP, Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza de los Estados Unidos
CBP—U.S. Customs and Border Protection
CFR, Código de Reglamentos Federales
CFR—Code of Federal Regulations
CPI-U, Índice de Precios al Consumidor para Todos los Consumidores Urbanos
CPI-U—Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
CRCL, Oficina de Derechos Civiles y Libertades Civiles del DHS
CRCL—DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
DACA, Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia
DACA—Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
DHS, Departamento de Seguridad Nacional
DHS—Department of Homeland Security
DOJ, Departamento de Justicia de los Estados Unidos
DOJ—U.S. Department of Justice
DOL, Departamento del Trabajo de los Estados Unidos
DOL—U.S. Department of Labor
EAD, Documento de Autorización de Empleo
EAD—Employment Authorization Document
ELIS, Sistema Electrónico de Inmigración
ELIS—Electronic Immigration System
E.O., Orden Ejecutiva
E.O.—Executive Order
EOIR, Oficina Ejecutiva de Revisión de Inmigración
EOIR—Executive Office for Immigration Review
EWI, Ingreso Sin Inspección
EWI—Entered Without Inspection
FAM, Manual de Asuntos Exteriores
FAM—Foreign Affairs Manual
FBI, Oficina Federal de Investigaciones
FBI—Federal Bureau of Investigation
FISMA, Ley Federal de Modernización de la Seguridad de la Información
FISMA—Federal Information Security Modernization Act
FOIA, Ley de Libertad de Información
FOIA—Freedom of Information Act
FR, Registro Federal
FR—Federal Register
HHS, Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos
HHS—U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HSA, Ley de Seguridad Nacional
HSA—Homeland Security Act
ICE, Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas de los Estados Unidos
ICE—U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
ID, Tarjeta de Identificación
ID—Identification Card
IFR, Regla Final Provisional
IFR—Interim Final Rule
IIRIRA, Ley de Reforma de la Inmigración Ilegal y de Responsabilidad del Inmigrante
IIRIRA—Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
INA, Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad
INA—Immigration and Nationality Act
INS, Servicio de Inmigración y Naturalización
INS—Immigration and Naturalization Service
IRCA, Ley de Reforma y Control de Inmigración
IRCA—Immigration Reform and Control Act
IT, Tecnología de la Información
IT—Information Technology
LPR, Residente Permanente Legal
LPR—Lawful Permanent Resident
NATO, Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte
NATO—North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NEPA, Ley de Política Ambiental Nacional
NEPA—National Environment Policy Act
NPRM, Aviso de Reglamentación Propuesta
NPRM—Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
NSEERS, Sistema Nacional de Registro de Entrada y Salida de Seguridad
NSEERS—National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
NTA, Notificación de Comparecencia
NTA—Notice to Appear
OHSS, Oficina de Estadísticas de Seguridad Nacional
OHSS—Office of Homeland Security Statistics
OIRA, Oficina de Información y Asuntos Regulatorios
OIRA—Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
OMB, Oficina de Administración y Presupuesto
OMB—Office of Management and Budget
ORR, Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados
ORR—Office of Refugee Resettlement
PIA, Evaluación de Impacto en la Privacidad
PIA—Privacy Impact Assessment
PRA, Ley de Reducción de Trámites
PRA—Paperwork Reduction Act
Pub. L., Ley Pública
Pub. L.—Public Law
RFA, Ley de Flexibilidad Regulatoria
RFA—Regulatory Flexibility Act
SAW, Trabajador Agrícola Especial
SAW—Special Agricultural Worker
SBREFA, Ley de Equidad en la Aplicación de Normas para la Pequeña Empresa
SBREFA—Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
Secretary, Secretario de Seguridad Nacional
Secretary—Secretary of Homeland Security
SIJ, Inmigrante Especial Juvenil
SIJ—Special Immigrant Juvenile
SORN, Aviso de Sistema de Registros
SORN—System of Record Notice
SSN, Número de Seguro Social
SSN—Social Security Number
State, Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos
State—U.S. Department of State
TPS, Estatus de Protección Temporal
TPS—Temporary Protected Status
TVPA, Ley de Protección de Víctimas de Trata de Personas
TVPA—Trafficking Victims Protection Act
TVPRA, Ley de Reautorización de Protección de Víctimas de Trata de Personas William Wilberforce de 2008
TVPRA—William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008
TTP, Programas de Viajero Confiable
TTP—Trusted Traveler Programs
UAC, Menor Extranjero No Acompañado
UAC—Unaccompanied Alien Child
UMRA: Ley de Reforma sobre Mandatos no Financiados (Unfunded Mandates Reform Act)
UMRA—Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
U.S.C.: Código de los Estados Unidos (United States Code)
U.S.C.—United States Code
USCIS: Servicios de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)
USCIS—U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
VAWA: Ley de Violencia Contra la Mujer (Violence Against Women Act)
VAWA—Violence Against Women Act
VTVPA: Ley de Protección a las Víctimas de la Trata de Personas y la Violencia (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act)
VTVPA—Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act
Participación Pública
Public Participation
Las instrucciones para presentar comentarios se encuentran en el apartado DIRECCIONES (ADDRESSES).
Instructions for providing comments are in the ADDRESSES caption.
Se invita a las personas interesadas a presentar comentarios sobre los asuntos específicos identificados en la sección V, Solicitud de Comentarios, de este preámbulo, mediante el envío de datos, opiniones, comentarios y argumentos pertinentes por escrito, antes de la fecha límite indicada en el apartado FECHAS (DATES). Para brindar la mayor asistencia posible al DHS, los comentarios deben explicar el motivo de cualquier recomendación e incluir datos, información o autoridad que respalden el curso de acción recomendado. Los comentarios deben presentarse en inglés, o bien debe proporcionarse una traducción al inglés. Los comentarios presentados de una manera distinta a la indicada en las instrucciones, incluidos los correos electrónicos o cartas enviados a los funcionarios del Departamento, no serán considerados comentarios sobre la norma y es posible que el Departamento no les dé respuesta.
Interested persons are invited to submit comments on the specific issues identified in section V, Request for Comments, of this preamble by submitting relevant written data, views, comments, and arguments by the deadline stated in the DATES caption. To provide the most assistance to DHS, comments should explain the reason for any recommendation and include data, information, or authority that supports the recommended course of action. Comments must be submitted in English, or an English translation must be provided. Comments submitted in a manner other than pursuant to the instructions, including emails or letters sent to the Department's officials, will not be considered comments on the rule and may not receive a response from the Department.
Privacidad: Es posible que desee considerar limitar la cantidad de información personal que proporciona en cualquier comentario público que envíe al Departamento. El Departamento puede retener de la visualización pública la información proporcionada en los comentarios que determine que puede afectar la privacidad de una persona o que resulte ofensiva. Para obtener información adicional, lea el Aviso de Privacidad y Seguridad en https://www.regulations.gov.
Privacy: You may wish to consider limiting the amount of personal information that you provide in any public comment submission you make to the Department. The Department may withhold information provided in comments from public viewing that they determine may impact the privacy of an individual or is offensive. For additional information, please read the Privacy and Security Notice at https://www.regulations.gov.
Expediente: Para acceder al expediente y leer los documentos de referencia o los comentarios recibidos, visite https://www.regulations.gov, haciendo referencia al expediente DHS No. USCIS-2025-0004. También puede suscribirse a las alertas por correo electrónico en el expediente en línea para que se le notifique cuando se agreguen documentos adicionales al expediente.
Docket: For access to the docket and to read background documents or comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov, referencing DHS Docket No. USCIS-2025-0004. You may also sign up for email alerts on the online docket to be notified when additional documents are added to the docket.
I. Resumen Ejecutivo
I. Executive Summary
A. Fundamento y Propósito
A. Basis and Purpose
El 12 de marzo de 2025, el DHS emitió una norma final interina (IFR) con solicitud de comentarios. Véase 90 FR 11793 (12 de marzo de 2025). La IFR entró en vigor el 11 de abril de 2025. La IFR modificó las regulaciones del DHS para designar un nuevo formulario de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan con la disposición legal de registro y toma de huellas dactilares de extranjeros. La IFR implementó parcialmente la sección 7 de la Orden Ejecutiva (E.O.) 14159, Protección del Pueblo Estadounidense contra la Invasión (20 de enero de 2025), 90 FR 8443 (29 de enero de 2025), la cual ordenó al Secretario de Seguridad Nacional (Secretario), entre otras cosas, tomar las medidas apropiadas para garantizar que todos los extranjeros previamente no registrados en los Estados Unidos cumplan con los requisitos legales de registro.
On March 12, 2025, DHS issued an IFR with request for comments. See90 FR 11793 (Mar. 12, 2025). The IFR was effective on April 11, 2025. The IFR amended DHS regulations to designate a new registration form for aliens to comply with the statutory alien registration and fingerprinting provision. The IFR partially implemented section 7 of the Executive Order (E.O.) 14159, Protecting the American People Against Invasion (Jan. 20, 2025), 90 FR 8443 (Jan. 29, 2025), which directed the Secretary of Homeland Security (Secretary), among other things, to take appropriate action to ensure that all previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with the statutory registration requirements.
Tras una cuidadosa consideración de los comentarios públicos presentados en relación con la IFR, el DHS está finalizando la IFR y realizando modificaciones procedimentales y técnicas adicionales al texto reglamentario en 8 CFR 264.1 en respuesta a los comentarios públicos. El fundamento de los cambios realizados en 8 CFR 264.1 en la IFR y el razonamiento proporcionado en el preámbulo de la IFR siguen siendo válidos, salvo en lo que se distinga en esta norma final.
After careful consideration of the public comments submitted in connection with the IFR, DHS is finalizing the IFR and making additional procedural and technical modifications to the regulatory text at 8 CFR 264.1 in response to the public comments. The rationale for the changes provided to 8 CFR 264.1 in the IFR and the reasoning provided in the IFR's preamble remain valid, except as distinguished in this final rule.
El propósito de esta norma final sigue siendo el mismo que se expresó a lo largo de la IFR: mejorar los resultados de registro para ciertos grupos de extranjeros, a fin de garantizar de mejor manera que todos los extranjeros previamente no registrados en los Estados Unidos cumplan con los requisitos legales establecidos en las secciones 261 a 266 de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1301 a 1306. La IFR llenó un vacío en el régimen reglamentario del DHS al establecer un formulario de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus, y la evidencia correspondiente como comprobante de dicho registro. Esta norma final adopta la IFR como definitiva. La norma mejora la eficacia del cumplimiento de la ley por parte del DHS, facilitando y haciendo más seguro para el DHS hacer cumplir la ley al proporcionar información más completa sobre la ubicación de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos. Además, un mayor cumplimiento de los requisitos de toma de huellas dactilares proporcionará al DHS información adicional sobre los antecedentes penales de un extranjero, incluido si el extranjero es un terrorista conocido o sospechoso.
The purpose of this final rule remains the same as articulated throughout the IFR: to improve the registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens to better ensure that all previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with the statutory requirements in sections 261 through 266 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306. The IFR filled a gap in the DHS regulatory regime by prescribing a registration form available to all aliens regardless of their status and corresponding evidence as proof of that registration. This final rule adopts the IFR as final. The rule improves DHS law enforcement efficacy, making it easier and safer for DHS to enforce the law by providing more comprehensive information about the location of aliens in the United States. Additionally, increased compliance with fingerprinting requirements will provide DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist.
La regla final también realiza correcciones técnicas adicionales en las regulaciones existentes para reemplazar el nombre, la descripción y el número de ciertos formularios en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b) que han evolucionado o cambiado con el tiempo, elimina referencias a ciertos formularios vencidos desde hace mucho tiempo (printed page 39250) que los extranjeros no pueden utilizar para registrarse, y prescribe algunos formularios adicionales como prueba de registro. La regla final también realiza enmiendas y correcciones técnicas a las disposiciones de exención de toma de huellas dactilares del 8 CFR 264.1(e) y 8 CFR 264.1(g) relacionadas con el requisito de registro de los extranjeros que cumplen 14 años, así como a las disposiciones del 8 CFR 264.5(h) relativas a la prueba temporal de registro y de estatus de residente permanente legal (LPR). Finalmente, la regla realiza correcciones técnicas al 8 CFR 264.6. Estos cambios reducen la confusión y mejoran la facilidad de uso de las disposiciones revisadas. Estas enmiendas y correcciones técnicas no afectan de manera sustantiva al público regulado.
The final rule also makes additional technical corrections in the existing regulations to replace the name, description, and number of certain forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) that have evolved or changed over time, eliminates references to certain long- ( printed page 39250) expired forms that aliens cannot use to register, and prescribes some additional forms as evidence of registration. The final rule also makes technical amendments and corrections to the fingerprinting waiver provisions of 8 CFR 264.1(e) and 8 CFR 264.1(g) related to the registration requirement of aliens who turn 14 years, as well as the provisions of 8 CFR 264.5(h) relating to temporary evidence of registration and lawful permanent resident (LPR) status. Finally, the rule makes technical corrections to 8 CFR 264.6. These changes reduce confusion and improve the usability of the revised provisions. These technical amendments and corrections do not substantively impact the regulated public.
B. Autoridad Legal
B. Legal Authority
La autoridad del Secretario para emitir esta regla final se encuentra en varias disposiciones de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101 y siguientes, incluida la sección 103(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a), que autoriza al Secretario a administrar y hacer cumplir las leyes de inmigración y a establecer las regulaciones que el Secretario considere necesarias para llevar a cabo dicha autoridad. La autoridad también se encuentra en las secciones 262 a 266 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1306, que rigen el registro de los extranjeros y autorizan al Secretario a preparar formularios para el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de los extranjeros. La sección 102(a)(3) de la Ley de Seguridad Nacional de 2002 (HSA), 6 U.S.C. 112(a)(3), confiere todas las funciones de todos los funcionarios, empleados y unidades organizativas del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) al Secretario. Véase también 6 U.S.C. 202, 271; INA sec. 214(a)(1), 8 U.S.C. 1184(a)(1).
The authority for the Secretary to issue this final rule is found in various provisions of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq., including section 103(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a), which authorizes the Secretary to administer and enforce the immigration laws and establish such regulations as the Secretary deems necessary for carrying out such authority. The authority is furthermore found in sections 262 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1306, which govern the registration of aliens and authorizes the Secretary to prepare forms for registration and fingerprinting of aliens. Section 102(a)(3) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA), 6 U.S.C. 112(a)(3), vests all functions of all DHS officers, employees, and organizational units in the Secretary. See also6 U.S.C. 202, 271; INA sec. 214(a)(1), 8 U.S.C. 1184(a)(1).
C. Resumen de los Cambios de la Regla Final Provisional a la Regla Final
C. Summary of the Changes From the Interim Final Rule to the Final Rule
Tras una cuidadosa consideración de los comentarios públicos recibidos en respuesta a la IFR, esta regla final realiza cambios adicionales a las regulaciones de registro y toma de huellas dactilares del DHS. El DHS no está solicitando comentarios públicos sobre estos cambios. El DHS está tomando las siguientes medidas en esta regla final:
Following careful consideration of the public comments received in response to the IFR, this final rule makes additional changes to DHS's registration and fingerprinting regulations. DHS is not seeking public comments on these changes. DHS is taking the following actions in this final rule:
Adoptar como definitivos los cambios al 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b) realizados por la IFR. El DHS está adoptando como definitivas las enmiendas de la IFR al 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b) sin cambios. La IFR agregó a la lista de formularios de registro prescritos en la tabla del 8 CFR 264.1(a) una referencia al Formulario G-325R, Información Biográfica (Registro). La IFR también agregó a la lista de pruebas de registro en la tabla del 8 CFR 264.1(b) la Prueba de Registro G-325R de Extranjero de USCIS.
Adopting the changes to8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) made by the IFR as final. DHS is adopting as final the IFR's amendments to 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) without change. The IFR added to the list of prescribed registration forms in the table of 8 CFR 264.1(a) a reference to the Form G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration). The IFR also added to the list of evidence of registration in the table of 8 CFR 264.1(b) the USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration.
Revisar la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) eliminando las entradas relacionadas con el I-67, Registro de Inspección, refugiados húngaros (Ley del 25 de julio de 1958), el I-691, Aviso de Aprobación de Estatus de Residente Temporal, y el I-700, Solicitud de Estatus de Residente Temporal.
Revising the table in8 CFR 264.1(a) by removing the entries related to the I-67, Inspection Record—Hungarian refugees (Act of July 25, 1958), I-691, Notice of Approval for Status as a Temporary Resident, and I-700, Application for Status as a Temporary Resident.
Revisar las tablas en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b) actualizando el Número de Formulario y la Clase del Registro de Llegada y Salida. En el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b), el DHS está agregando el Formulario I-94A/94W a la entrada correspondiente al Formulario I-94. El DHS también está eliminando en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b) la entrada referente a la clase de "extranjeros cuya entrada reclamada antes del 1 de julio de 1924 no puede verificarse, habiendo establecido satisfactoriamente residencia en los Estados Unidos desde antes del 1 de julio de 1924."
Revising the tables in8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) by updating the Arrival-Departure Record Form Number and Class. In 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b), DHS is adding Form I-94A/94W to the item for the Form I-94. DHS is also removing in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) the entry referring to the class of “aliens whose claimed entry prior to July 1, 1924, cannot be verified, they having satisfactorily established residence in the United States since prior to July 1, 1924.”
Revisar la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) actualizando la entrada relativa al Formulario I-181, Memorándum de Creación de Registro de Residencia Permanente Legal. En el 8 CFR 264.1(a), el DHS está revisando la clase a "extranjeros nacidos de un extranjero admitido legalmente para residencia permanente durante una visita temporal al extranjero, admitidos sin visa conforme al 8 CFR 211.1(b)."
Revising the table in8 CFR 264.1(a) by updating the entry relating to Form I-181, Memorandum of Creation of Record of Lawful Permanent Residence. In 8 CFR 264.1(a), DHS is revising the class to “aliens born to an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence during a temporary visit abroad admitted without a visa under 8 CFR 211.1(b).”
Revisar la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) actualizando la entrada relativa al Formulario I-485 y el Título del Formulario de Ajuste de Estatus. En el 8 CFR 264.1(a), el DHS está revisando el título del formulario para el Formulario I-485 a "Solicitud para Registrar Residencia Permanente o Ajustar Estatus, o su formulario predecesor o sucesor."
Revising the table in8 CFR 264.1(a) by updating the entry relating to Form I-485 and the Adjustment of Status Form Title. In 8 CFR 264.1(a), DHS is revising the form title for Form I-485 to “Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, or its predecessor or successor form.”
Revisar la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) actualizando el título del formulario y la clase de extranjero del Formulario I-590. En el 8 CFR 264.1(a), el DHS está revisando el título del formulario y la clase de extranjero del Formulario I-590 para que diga "Formulario I-590, Registro para Clasificación como Refugiado o su formulario sucesor, o su formulario predecesor, solicitantes conforme a la sección 207 de la INA y Refugiados-escapados liberados en libertad condicional conforme a la sección 1 de la Ley del 14 de julio de 1960."
Revising the table in8 CFR 264.1(a) by updating the form title and class of alien of the Form I-590. In 8 CFR 264.1(a), DHS is revising the form title and class of alien of Form I-590 to read as “Form I-590, Registration for Classification as Refugee or its successor form, or its predecessor form—Applicants under section 207 of the INA and Refugee-escapees paroled pursuant to section 1 of the Act of July 14, 1960.”
Revisión de la tabla del 8 CFR 264.1(a) mediante la actualización de la entrada relacionada con el Formulario I-817, Solicitud de Salida Voluntaria bajo el Programa de Unidad Familiar. En el 8 CFR 264.1(a), el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) está revisando el título del Formulario I-817 a "Solicitud de Beneficios de Unidad Familiar o su formulario sucesor, o su formulario predecesor."
Revising the table of8 CFR 264.1(a) by updating the entry relating to Form I-817, Application for Voluntary Departure under the Family Unity Program. In 8 CFR 264.1(a), DHS is revising the form title of Form I-817 to “Application for Family Unity Benefits or its successor form, or its predecessor form.”
Revisión de la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(b) mediante la eliminación de las referencias al Formulario I-185, Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo para Extranjeros No Residentes Canadienses, y al Formulario I-186, Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo para Extranjeros No Residentes Mexicanos. El DHS está eliminando los números y títulos de formulario de la Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo (BCC) Canadiense y la BCC Mexicana, y agregando el Formulario DSP-150, Visa B-1/B-2 y Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo o su formulario sucesor, o su formulario predecesor en el 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Revising the table in8 CFR 264.1(b) by removing the references to Form I-185, Nonresident Alien Canadian Border Crossing Card, and Form I-186, Nonresident Alien Mexican Border Crossing Card. DHS is removing the form numbers and titles of the Canadian Border Crossing Card (BCC) and the Mexican BCC and adding Form DSP-150, B-1/B-2 Visa and Border Crossing Card or its successor form, or its predecessor form in 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Enmienda de la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(b) mediante la adición del Formulario I-860, Notificación y Orden de Remoción Expedita, y el Formulario I-871, Notificación de Intención/Decisión de Restablecer Orden Previa, y la clase de extranjeros para cada formulario. El DHS está agregando el "Formulario I-860, Notificación y Orden de Remoción Expedita" con la clase de extranjeros que han sido determinados inadmisibles conforme a la sección 212(a)(6)(C) o (7) de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, según enmendada, y a quienes se les ha ordenado la remoción conforme a la sección 235(b)(1) de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, según enmendada, y el "Formulario I-871, Notificación de Intención/Decisión de Restablecer Orden Previa" con la clase de extranjeros que reingresaron ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos y cuya orden previa de remoción ha sido restablecida conforme a la sección 241(a)(5) de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, según enmendada, como evidencia de registro en el 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Amending the table in8 CFR 264.1(b) by adding Form I-860, Notice and Order of Expedited Removal, and Form I-871, Notice of Intent/Decision to Reinstate Prior Order and the class of aliens for each form. DHS is adding “Form I-860, Notice and Order of Expedited Removal” with the class of aliens who have been determined to be inadmissible under section 212(a)(6)(C) or (7) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, and ordered removed under section 235(b)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, and “Form I-871, Notice of Intent/Decision to Reinstate Prior Order” with the class of aliens who reentered the United States illegally and whose prior order of removal has been reinstated under section 241(a)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Enmienda de la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(b) mediante la eliminación de la palabra "Formulario" de la entrada relacionada con el I-862, Notificación de Comparecencia, y el I-863, Notificación de Remisión al Juez de Inmigración.
Amending the table in8 CFR 264.1(b) by removing “Form” from the entry relating to the I-862, Notice to Appear, and the I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge.
Enmienda de la tabla en el 8 CFR 264.1(b) mediante la adición de "documento aprobado por la CBP o su equivalente electrónico para los Programas de Viajero Confiable NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST y Global Entry, Extranjeros que fueron admitidos por última vez a los Estados Unidos mediante procesamiento facilitado de NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST o Global Entry."
Amending the table in8 CFR 264.1(b) by adding “CBP-approved document or its electronic equivalent for the Trusted Traveler Programs NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, and Global Entry—Aliens who were last admitted to the United States through NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, or Global Entry facilitated processing.”
Enmienda del 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) relacionada con la exención de huellas dactilares. El DHS está eliminando el texto que exime de los requisitos de toma de huellas dactilares a "extranjeros no inmigrantes admitidos como funcionarios y empleados de gobiernos extranjeros; representantes, funcionarios y empleados de organizaciones internacionales" del 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1), y agregando una referencia al 22 CFR 41.26(a)(2) y a la sección 101(a)(11) de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad para describir a los extranjeros que son titulares de visas diplomáticas. Además, el DHS también está agregando texto para aclarar que los asistentes, sirvientes o empleados personales de representantes, funcionarios y empleados de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN) (no inmigrantes NATO-7) no son elegibles por sí mismos para la exención, ya que no están ni han estado nunca clasificados como representantes, funcionarios o empleados de la OTAN.
Amending8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) relating to fingerprint waiver. DHS is removing the language waiving the fingerprinting requirements for “nonimmigrant aliens admitted as foreign government officials and employees; international organization representatives, officers and employees” from 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) and adding reference to 22 CFR 41.26(a)(2) and section 101(a)(11) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to describe aliens who are holders of diplomatic visas. Additionally, DHS is also adding language to clarify that the attendants, servants, or personal employees of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) representatives, officers, and employees (NATO-7 nonimmigrants) are not themselves eligible for the waiver because they are not and have never been classified as NATO representatives, officers, or employees.
Reestructuración del párrafo (e) del 8 CFR 264.1 para separar las tres exenciones de huellas dactilares en tres párrafos y la adición de "ella" o "su" donde corresponda.
Restructuringparagraph (e) of 8 CFR 264.1 to separate the three fingerprint waivers into three paragraphs and adding “she” or “her” where appropriate.
Enmienda del 8 CFR 264.1(g) para agregar "o por ley" después de "conforme a la Ley." (página impresa 39251)
Amending8 CFR 264.1(g) to add “or by law” after “under the Act.” ( printed page 39251)
Enmienda del párrafo (g)(1) del 8 CFR 264.1(g) para aclarar que un residente permanente legal (LPR) que cumple 14 años de edad debe solicitar el registro de conformidad con las instrucciones aplicables del formulario y con la tarifa especificada en el 8 CFR 106.2 para reemplazar una tarjeta de residencia permanente dentro de los 30 días posteriores al regreso del extranjero a los Estados Unidos; para eliminar el requisito de una fotografía física al solicitar el registro; para eliminar la frase "si es residente permanente legal de los Estados Unidos" en la segunda oración de la disposición; y para agregar "ella" o "su" donde corresponda.
Amendingparagraph (g)(1) of 8 CFR 264.1(g) to clarify that an LPR who reaches 14 years old must apply for registration in accordance with the applicable form instructions and with the fee specified in 8 CFR 106.2 to replace a permanent residence card within 30 days of the alien's return to the United States; to remove the requirement of a physical photograph when applying for registration; to remove “if a lawful permanent resident of the United States in the second sentence of the provision; and to add “she” or “her” where appropriate.
Enmienda del 8 CFR 264.5(h) para establecer que el Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS) puede emitir evidencia temporal de registro y de estatus de LPR a un extranjero que sea "residente permanente legal o residente permanente condicional que haya presentado debidamente una solicitud de reemplazo de tarjeta de residencia permanente o de naturalización, haya peticionado la remoción de las condiciones de su residencia utilizando el formulario prescrito por USCIS, o según lo determine de otro modo USCIS de conformidad con las instrucciones del formulario." En el 8 CFR 264.5(h), el DHS también está aclarando que la evidencia temporal de registro colocada por USCIS en el pasaporte del extranjero no necesita ser devuelta a USCIS por el extranjero cuando a este se le emita un nuevo Formulario I-551.
Amending8 CFR 264.5(h) to state that USCIS may issue temporary evidence of registration and LPR status to an alien who is a “lawful permanent resident or conditional permanent resident alien who has properly filed an application for a replacement permanent resident card or for naturalization, petitioned for the removal of the conditions on his or her residence using the form prescribed by USCIS, or as otherwise determined by USCIS in accordance with the form instructions.” In 8 CFR 264.5(h), DHS is also clarifying that the temporary evidence of registration placed by USCIS in the alien's passport does not need to be surrendered to USCIS by the alien when the alien is issued a new Form I-551.
Modificación del 8 CFR 264.6 relacionado con la solicitud de registro de entrada y salida de no inmigrante. El DHS está modificando las regulaciones en el 8 CFR 264.6 mediante la realización de actualizaciones editoriales técnicas para eliminar referencias reglamentarias obsoletas.
Amending8 CFR 264.6 related to the application for a nonimmigrant arrival-departure record. DHS is amending regulations in 8 CFR 264.6 by making technical editorial updates to remove obsolete regulatory references.
Si bien el DHS no impuso una tarifa como parte de la IFR, el DHS solicitó comentarios sobre la posible adición de una tarifa de servicios biométricos de $30 por registrante. Después de una cuidadosa consideración de los comentarios recibidos, el DHS ha determinado que, por el momento, no impondrá una tarifa de servicios biométricos, pero podría imponer una tarifa de solicitud o de servicios biométricos en el futuro.
While DHS did not impose a fee as part of the IFR, DHS requested comments on adding a potential biometric services fee per registrant of $30. After careful consideration of the comments received, DHS has determined that it will not, at this time, impose a biometric services fee, but may impose an application or biometric services fee in the future.
Adicionalmente, dentro de la IFR, el DHS solicitó comentarios sobre el Formulario G-325R, Información Biográfica (Registro), aprobado por la Oficina de Administración y Presupuesto (OMB, por sus siglas en inglés), para efectos del Aviso del Registro Federal de 60 días conforme a la Ley de Reducción de Trámites de 1995 (PRA, por sus siglas en inglés), 44 U.S.C. 3501 y siguientes. Véase 90 FR 11793, 11799 (12 de marzo de 2025). El período de comentarios para efectos de la PRA finalizó el 12 de mayo de 2025. Cualquier comentario público recibido sobre el Formulario G-325R como resultado de la IFR ha sido respondido en el Aviso del Registro Federal de 30 días publicado para efectos de obtener la aprobación de la OMB del Formulario G-325R [1] el 11 de agosto de 2025, en 90 FR 38655. El instrumento de recopilación de información con instrucciones y documentos de apoyo adicionales, incluyendo las respuestas a los comentarios presentados como parte del Aviso del Registro Federal de 60 días, se puede consultar visitando el sitio del Portal Federal de Reglamentación Electrónica (Federal eRulemaking Portal) en: https://www.regulations.gov bajo el número de expediente USCIS-2025-0005.
Additionally, within the IFR, DHS requested comments on the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)-approved Form G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration), for purposes of the 60-day Federal Register Notice under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. See90 FR 11793, 11799 (Mar. 12, 2025). The comment period for purposes of the PRA ended on May 12, 2025. Any public comment received on Form G-325R as a result of the IFR has been responded to in the 30-day Federal Register Notice published for purposes of obtaining OMB approval of Form G-325R [1] on August 11, 2025, at 90 FR 38655. The information collection instrument with instructions and additional supporting documents, including responses to comments submitted as part of the 60-day Federal Register Notice, can be accessed by visiting the Federal eRulemaking Portal site at: https://www.regulations.gov under Docket ID number USCIS-2025-0005.
D. Solicitud de Comentarios sobre Posibles Cambios Futuros
D. Request for Comments on Potential Future Changes
En la sección V de este preámbulo, el DHS solicita comentarios sobre ciertas posibles modificaciones en toda la regulación existente en el 8 CFR parte 264 para mejorar la usabilidad y reducir la necesidad de cambios de conformidad en normas futuras. Las posibles modificaciones futuras sobre las cuales el DHS está solicitando comentarios incluyen:
In section V of this preamble, DHS solicits comments on certain potential amendments throughout the existing regulation in 8 CFR part 264 to improve usability and reduce the need for conforming changes in future rules. Potential future amendments for which DHS is seeking comments include:
La prescripción de formularios de registro adicionales, incluyendo pero no limitado al Formulario I-90, Solicitud de Reemplazo de la Tarjeta de Residente Permanente, el Formulario I-539, Solicitud para Extender/Cambiar el Estatus de No Inmigrante, y el Formulario I-589, Solicitud de Asilo y Retención de Expulsión.
Prescribing additional registration forms, including but not limited to Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card, Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Status, and Form I-589, Application for Asylum and Withholding of Removal.
La eliminación de ciertas pruebas prescritas de Registro de Extranjero de los formularios establecidos en el 8 CFR 264.1(b), tales como el Formulario I-766, Documento de Autorización de Empleo;
Eliminating certain prescribed evidence of Alien Registration forms from8 CFR 264.1(b), such as Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document;
La actualización de las clases de extranjeros para quienes el Formulario I-94 constituye prueba de Registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Updating the classes of aliens for whom Form I-94 constitutes evidence of Registration under8 CFR 264.1(b).
La emisión de prueba de registro antes de la adjudicación de las solicitudes de beneficios relacionadas.
Issuing evidence of registration prior to the adjudication of related benefit requests.
La actualización y clarificación de ediciones relacionadas con la exención de los requisitos de toma de huellas dactilares en el 8 CFR 264.1(e).
Updating and clarifying edits related to the waiver of fingerprinting requirements in8 CFR 264.1(e).
E. Divisibilidad
E. Severability
Al emitir esta regla final, es la intención del DHS que las diversas disposiciones de la regla se consideren separables entre sí en la mayor medida posible. Si un tribunal de jurisdicción competente determinara que alguna de las disposiciones modificadas no debe aplicarse a una categoría particular de personas o circunstancias, el DHS tendría la intención de que el tribunal deje el resto de la regla vigente con respecto a todas las personas y circunstancias cubiertas. El objetivo general del DHS es mejorar los resultados de registro de los extranjeros que no se hayan registrado previamente, de conformidad con las disposiciones de la INA.
In issuing this final rule, it is DHS's intention that the rule's various provisions be considered severable from one another to the greatest extent possible. If a court of competent jurisdiction were to hold that any of the provisions amended were not to be applied to a particular category of individuals or circumstances, DHS would intend for the court to leave the remainder of the rule in place with respect to all covered persons and circumstances. DHS's overarching goal is to improve the registration outcomes of aliens not previously registered consistent with the provisions of the INA.
F. Beneficios y Costos
F. Benefits and Costs
Esta norma pone a disposición otro método para que los extranjeros cumplan con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA. La norma no impone nuevas obligaciones de registro o de toma de huellas dactilares separadas de las obligaciones ya contenidas en la INA. La norma proporciona beneficios al ofrecer una opción general de registro para permitir que los extranjeros no registrados cumplan con sus requisitos de registro y mejorar la aplicación de la ley por parte del DHS. El DHS reconoce que existen costos para los extranjeros al cumplir con los requisitos de registro de la INA. Debido a que esta norma no impone nuevas obligaciones de registro de extranjeros o biométricas separadas de aquellas ya contenidas en la INA, los costos son inherentes al cumplimiento de la ley y no son resultado de esta norma. Esta norma puede resultar en mayores costos de cumplimiento para los extranjeros que utilicen esta opción. Los costos para los extranjeros pueden incluir el tiempo para completar y presentar un formulario de registro, así como el tiempo dedicado a viajar a un Centro de Apoyo a Solicitantes (ASC), presentar las huellas dactilares y la retención de registros. Actualmente no existe una tarifa para que los solicitantes presenten el formulario o para someter sus datos biométricos. Esta norma puede aumentar los costos para el DHS debido a los registros adicionales de extranjeros que resulten de esta norma. El DHS estima que las presentaciones actuales de registro y datos biométricos conforme a esta norma han costado a los extranjeros aproximadamente $21.3 millones, a partir del 7 de mayo de 2026. La carga estimada para la Agencia es de $0.6 millones por la recopilación y el procesamiento de datos biométricos. El DHS ha considerado la posibilidad de que esta norma, quizás en combinación con otras políticas, pudiera tener algunos efectos indirectos, tales como mayores costos legales para quienes decidan buscar asistencia jurídica y posibles impactos en la fuerza laboral. No contamos con información suficiente para cuantificar estos efectos. La Tabla 1 proporciona un resumen de los cambios regulatorios y los costos y beneficios estimados asociados con los impactos previstos. (página impresa 39252)
This rule makes available another method for aliens to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA. The rule does not impose new registration or fingerprinting obligations separate from the obligations already contained in the INA. The rule provides benefits by providing a general registration option to allow unregistered aliens to comply with their registration requirements and improve DHS enforcement. DHS recognizes that there are costs to aliens to comply with registration requirements in the INA. Because this rule does not impose new alien registration or biometric obligations separate from those already contained in the INA, the costs are inherent to compliance with the statute and are not a result of this rule. This rule may result in increased compliance costs for aliens that use this option. Costs to aliens may include the time to complete and file a registration form, as well as time spent traveling to an ASC, submitting fingerprints, and record retention. There is currently no fee for applicants to file the form or to submit biometrics. This rule may increase costs to DHS from additional alien registrations resulting from this rule. DHS estimates current registration and biometrics submissions under this rule have cost aliens approximately $21.3 million, as of May 7, 2026. The estimated burden to the Agency is $0.6 million from collecting and processing biometrics. DHS has considered the possibility that this rule, perhaps in combination with other policies, could have some indirect effects, such as increased legal costs for those who choose to seek legal assistance and potential workforce impacts. We do not have sufficient information to quantify these effects.Table 1 provides a summary of the regulatory changes and the estimated costs and benefits associated with the expected impacts. ( printed page 39252)
Tabla 1: Resumen de los impactos estimados de la norma, año fiscal 2025
Table 1—Summary of Estimated Impacts of the Rule, FY 2025
Resumen del cambio a la disposición | Impacto esperado de la norma
Summary of the change to provision | Expected impact of the rule
Enmendar las regulaciones existentes para poner a disposición otro método para que los extranjeros cumplan con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA | Cuantitativo: Beneficios • Ninguno. Costos • $21.3 millones para los extranjeros en costos de registro. • $0.6 millones para USCIS en costos biométricos.
Amend existing regulations to make available another method for aliens to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA | Quantitative: Benefits • None. Costs • $21.3 million to aliens in registration costs. • $0.6 million to USCIS in biometric costs.
Cualitativo:
Qualitative:
Beneficios
Benefits
• Se espera que la norma resulte en un aumento de los registros de extranjeros que sean consistentes con las disposiciones de la INA.
• The rule is expected to result in increased alien registrations that are consistent with provisions of the INA.
Costos
Costs
• Se espera que los cambios técnicos tengan un efecto mínimo (de minimis) en los costos.
• Technical changes are expected to have a de minimis effect on costs.
• Los costos indirectos de la norma pueden incluir mayores costos legales para quienes decidan buscar asistencia jurídica y posibles impactos en la fuerza laboral. Los comentarios públicos identificaron estos y otros posibles efectos indirectos, los cuales son difíciles de cuantificar.
• Indirect costs of the rule may include increased legal costs for those who choose to seek legal assistance and potential workforce impacts. Public comments identified these and other potential indirect effects, which are difficult to quantify.
Fuente: análisis de USCIS.
Source: USCIS analysis.
II. Antecedentes
II. Background
A. Requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad
A. Alien Registration Requirements of the Immigration and Nationality Act
La Ley de Registro de Extranjeros de 1940, también conocida como la Ley Smith, se promulgó el 28 de junio de 1940.[2] La Ley Smith generalmente exigía que todos los extranjeros que permanecieran en el país por más de 30 días solicitaran su registro y se tomaran sus huellas dactilares. El Congreso posteriormente incorporó estos requisitos, con sus modificaciones, en la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad de 1952, Ley Pública 82-414, 66 Stat. 163. Los requisitos de registro y toma de huellas dactilares aparecen actualmente, con sus modificaciones, en la parte VII del subcapítulo II del capítulo 12 del título 8 del Código de los Estados Unidos (8 U.S.C. 1301 a 1306). A lo largo de este preámbulo, nos referimos a dichos requisitos como los requisitos de registro de extranjeros o los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA.
The Alien Registration Act of 1940, also known as the Smith Act, was enacted into law on June 28, 1940.[2] The Smith Act generally required all aliens in the country beyond 30 days to apply to register and to be fingerprinted. Congress later incorporated these requirements, as amended, in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, Public Law 82-414, 66 Stat. 163. The registration and fingerprinting requirements currently appear, as amended, in part VII of subchapter II of chapter 12 of title 8, United States Code (8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306). Throughout this preamble, we refer to such requirements as the alien registration requirements or the alien registration requirements of the INA.
De conformidad con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA, con excepciones limitadas (por ejemplo, para titulares de visas que ya han sido registrados y a quienes se les han tomado las huellas dactilares (mediante su solicitud de visa) y titulares de visas A y G),[3] todos los extranjeros mayores de 14 años que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y que se les tomen las huellas dactilares antes de que expiren los 30 días. Véase la sección 262(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a). De manera similar, los padres y tutores legales deben asegurarse de que sus hijos menores de 14 años estén registrados. Véase la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). Dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir 14 años, el menor extranjero debe "solicitar en persona el registro y que se le tomen las huellas dactilares". Id. El Secretario puede, a su discreción y sobre la base de reciprocidad, conforme a los reglamentos que él prescriba, dispensar el requisito de toma de huellas dactilares especificado en las secciones 262(a) y (b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a) y (b), en el caso de cualquier no inmigrante. Véase la sección 262(c) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(c). Como se analiza en la siguiente sección, el Secretario ha ejercido esta facultad discrecional con respecto a ciertos no inmigrantes.
Under the alien registration requirements of the INA, with limited exceptions ( e.g., for visa holders who have already been registered and fingerprinted (through their application for a visa) and A and G visa holders),[3] all aliens above the age of 14 who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and be fingerprinted before the expiration of 30 days. See INA sec. 262(a), 8 U.S.C. 1302(a). Similarly, parents and legal guardians must ensure that their children below the age of 14 are registered. See INA sec. 262(b), 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). Within 30 days of reaching his or her 14th birthday, the alien child must “apply in person for registration and to be fingerprinted.” Id. The Secretary may, in his discretion and on the basis of reciprocity pursuant to such regulations as he may prescribe, waive the requirement of fingerprinting specified in section 262(a) and (b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a) and (b), in the case of any nonimmigrant. See INA sec. 262(c), 8 U.S.C. 1302(c). As discussed in the next section, the Secretary has exercised this discretion with respect to certain nonimmigrants.
El incumplimiento voluntario o la negativa de un extranjero a solicitar el registro o a que se le tomen las huellas dactilares es sancionable con una multa de hasta $5,000 o con prisión de hasta 6 meses, o ambas.[4] Lo mismo se aplica al incumplimiento voluntario o la negativa de los padres o tutores legales de un extranjero a registrarlo. Véase la sección 266(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a). Cualquier extranjero, o cualquier padre o tutor legal de un extranjero, que presente una solicitud de registro "que contenga declaraciones que él sepa que son falsas, o que procure u obtenga, o intente procurar u obtener, su propio registro o el de otra persona mediante fraude", está sujeto a enjuiciamiento penal. Véase la sección 266(c) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(c). Véase, por ejemplo, 18 U.S.C. 1001, 1546. Una condena por registro fraudulento constituye un motivo de expulsión conforme a la sección 237(a)(3)(B)(i) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(B)(i).
An alien's willful failure or refusal to apply to register or to be fingerprinted is punishable by a fine of up to $5,000 or imprisonment for up to 6 months, or both.[4] The same applies to an alien's parent or legal guardian's willful failure or refusal to register. See INA sec 266(a), 8 U.S.C. 1306(a). Any alien or any parent or legal guardian of an alien who files a registration application “containing statements known by him to be false, or who procures or attempts to procure registration of himself or through another person by fraud” is subject to criminal prosecution. See INA sec. 266(c), 8 U.S.C. 1306(c). See, e.g.,18 U.S.C. 1001, 1546. A conviction for fraudulent registration constitutes a ground of removal under section 237(a)(3)(B)(i) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(B)(i).
El Secretario tiene la facultad de "preparar formularios para el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de los extranjeros", los cuales "deberán contener preguntas relativas a (1) la fecha y el lugar de entrada del extranjero a los Estados Unidos; (2) las actividades en las que ha estado y pretende estar involucrado; (3) el tiempo que espera permanecer en los Estados Unidos; (4) los antecedentes policiales y penales, si los hubiera, de dicho extranjero; y (5) cualquier otro asunto adicional que se prescriba". Véase la sección 264(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). El Secretario también tiene la facultad de prescribir "reglamentos y formularios especiales para el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de" ciertas clases de extranjeros, incluidos "los extranjeros de cualquier otra clase que no hayan sido admitidos legalmente en los Estados Unidos para residencia permanente", "[n]o obstante las disposiciones de" las secciones 261 y 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 y 1302. Véase la sección 263(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1303(a). Aunque esta norma es plenamente coherente con las secciones 261 y 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 y 1302, y la autoridad relacionada, el Secretario también invoca la sección 263(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1303(a) en la medida necesaria para respaldar esta reglamentación.
The Secretary has authority to “prepare forms for the registration and fingerprinting of aliens,” which “shall contain inquiries with respect to (1) the date and place of entry of the alien into the United States; (2) activities in which he has been and intends to be engaged; (3) the length of time he expects to remain in the United States; (4) the police and criminal record, if any, of such alien; and (5) such additional matters as may be prescribed.” See INA sec. 264(a), 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). The Secretary also has authority to prescribe “special regulations and forms for the registration and fingerprinting of” certain classes of aliens, including “aliens of any other class not lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence,” “[n]otwithstanding the provisions of” sections 261 and 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 and 1302. See INA sec. 263(a), 8 U.S.C. 1303(a). Although this rule is fully consistent with sections 261 and 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 and 1302 and related authority, the Secretary also invokes section 263(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1303(a) to the extent necessary to support this rulemaking.
A todo extranjero en los Estados Unidos que haya sido registrado y al que se le hayan tomado las huellas dactilares conforme a los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA, se le debe "expedir un certificado de registro de extranjero o una tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero, en la forma y manera, y en el momento que se prescriba mediante los reglamentos emitidos por el [Secretario]".[5] Todo extranjero registrado de 18 años de edad o más debe llevar consigo en todo momento y tener en su posesión personal el certificado de registro de extranjero o la tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero. El incumplimiento constituye un delito menor sancionable con una multa de hasta $5,000 o con prisión de no más de 30 días, o ambas. Véase la sección 266(b) de la INA, 8 (página impresa 39253) U.S.C. 1306(b); 18 U.S.C. 3559(a)(8), 3571(b)(6).
Every alien in the United States who has been registered and fingerprinted under the alien registration requirements of the INA must “be issued a certificate of alien registration or an alien registration receipt card in such form and manner and at such time as shall be prescribed under regulations issued by the [Secretary].” [5] Every registered alien 18 years of age and over must at all times carry and have in his or her personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card. Noncompliance is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $5,000 or imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or both. See INA sec. 266(b), 8 ( printed page 39253) U.S.C. 1306(b); 18 U.S.C. 3559(a)(8), 3571(b)(6).
Por último, todo extranjero que deba registrarse conforme a los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA y que se encuentre dentro de los Estados Unidos debe notificar por escrito al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) cada cambio de domicilio y su nueva dirección dentro de los 10 días siguientes a la fecha de dicho cambio, y proporcionar la información adicional que el Secretario pueda exigir mediante reglamento. Véase la sección 265(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1305(a). El incumplimiento constituye un delito menor (misdemeanor) sancionable con una multa de hasta $5,000 o pena de prisión de hasta 30 días, o ambas. Además, todo extranjero que no haya cumplido con los requisitos de notificación de cambio de domicilio establecidos en 8 U.S.C. 1305 es removible, a menos que el extranjero demuestre que dicho incumplimiento fue razonablemente justificable o no fue intencional. Véase la sección 237(a)(3)(A) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(A).
Finally, each alien required to be registered under the alien registration requirements of the INA who is within the United States must notify DHS in writing of each change of address and new address within 10 days from the date of such change and provide such additional information as the Secretary may require by regulation. See INA sec. 265(a), 8 U.S.C. 1305(a). Noncompliance is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $5,000 or imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or both. In addition, any alien who has failed to comply with the change-of-address notification requirements of 8 U.S.C. 1305 is removable unless the alien establishes that such failure was reasonably excusable or was not willful. See INA sec. 237(a)(3)(A), 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(A).
B. Reglamentos previos a la Norma Provisional Final (IFR) de 2025
B. Regulations Prior to the 2025 IFR
Los reglamentos vigentes desde hace tiempo disponen que, dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir los 14 años de edad, todo extranjero que se encuentre en los Estados Unidos y que no esté exento del registro de extranjeros debe solicitar su registro y la toma de huellas dactilares, salvo que la toma de huellas dactilares sea dispensada conforme a 8 CFR 264.1(e),[6] de acuerdo con las instrucciones del formulario correspondiente. Véase 8 CFR 264.1(g).
Longstanding regulations provide that within 30 days after reaching the age of 14 years old, an alien in the United States who is not exempt from alien registration must apply for registration and fingerprinting, unless fingerprinting is waived under 8 CFR 264.1(e),[6] in accordance with applicable form instructions. See8 CFR 264.1(g).
Si dicho extranjero es un residente permanente legal (LPR) de los Estados Unidos y se encuentra temporalmente ausente de los Estados Unidos cuando cumple 14 años, el extranjero debe solicitar el registro y proporcionar una fotografía dentro de los 30 días posteriores a su regreso a los Estados Unidos, de acuerdo con las instrucciones del formulario correspondiente. Véase 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1). El extranjero, si es un LPR de los Estados Unidos, debe entregar cualquier comprobante previo de registro de extranjero. Ibíd.
If such alien is an LPR of the United States and is temporarily absent from the United States when he or she reaches the age of 14, the alien must apply for registration and provide a photograph within 30 days of his or her return to the United States in accordance with applicable form instructions. See8 CFR 264.1(g)(1). The alien, if an LPR of the United States, must surrender any prior evidence of alien registration. Id.
Los reglamentos del DHS establecen los formularios que satisfacen los requisitos de registro de extranjeros. Véase 8 CFR 264.1(a). Los reglamentos también designan determinados formularios como constitutivos de prueba de registro. Véase 8 CFR 264.1(b).
DHS regulations prescribe forms that satisfy the alien registration requirements. See8 CFR 264.1(a). The regulations also designate certain forms as constituting evidence of registration. See8 CFR 264.1(b).
Antes de que la IFR agregara el Formulario G-325R, el 8 CFR 264.1(a) identificaba los siguientes formularios como formularios de registro:
Before the IFR added Form G-325R, 8 CFR 264.1(a) identified the following forms as registration forms:
I-67, Registro de Inspección, refugiados húngaros (Ley del 25 de julio de 1958).
I-67, Inspection Record—Hungarian refugees (Act of July 25, 1958).
I-94, Registro de Entrada y Salida, extranjeros admitidos como no inmigrantes; [7] extranjeros autorizados a ingresar a los Estados Unidos bajo libertad condicional (parole) conforme a la sección 212(d)(5) de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad; extranjeros cuya entrada alegada antes del 1 de julio de 1924 no pueda verificarse, habiendo establecido satisfactoriamente su residencia en los Estados Unidos desde antes del 1 de julio de 1924; extranjeros admitidos legalmente en los Estados Unidos para residencia permanente que no hayan sido registrados previamente; extranjeros a quienes se les concede permiso para salir sin que se inicien procedimientos de deportación, o contra quienes se estén iniciando procedimientos de deportación.
I-94, Arrival-Departure Record—Aliens admitted as nonimmigrants; [7] aliens paroled into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act; aliens whose claimed entry prior to July 1, 1924, cannot be verified, they having satisfactorily established residence in the United States since prior to July 1, 1924; aliens lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence who have not been registered previously; aliens who are granted permission to depart without the institution of deportation proceedings or against whom deportation proceedings are being instituted.
I-95, Permiso de Desembarco de Tripulantes, tripulantes que llegan por buque o aeronave.
I-95, Crewmen's Landing Permit—Crewmen arriving by vessel or aircraft.
I-181, Memorando de Creación de Registro de Residencia Permanente Legal, extranjeros que se presume fueron admitidos legalmente en los Estados Unidos conforme a 8 CFR 101.1.
I-181, Memorandum of Creation of Record of Lawful Permanent Residence—Aliens presumed to be lawfully admitted to the United States under8 CFR 101.1.
I-485, Solicitud de Estatus de Residente Permanente, solicitantes conforme a las secciones 245 y 249 de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, en su versión enmendada, y la sección 13 de la Ley del 11 de septiembre de 1957.
I-485, Application for Status as Permanent Resident—Applicants under sections 245 and 249 of the Immigration and Nationality Act as amended, and section 13 of the Act of September 11, 1957.
I-590, Registro para la Clasificación como Refugiado-Evadido, refugiados-evadidos admitidos bajo libertad condicional conforme a la sección 1 de la Ley del 14 de julio de 1960.
I-590, Registration for Classification as Refugee—Escapee—Refugee-escapees paroled pursuant to section 1 of the Act of July 14, 1960.
I-687, Solicitud de Estatus de Residente Temporal, solicitantes conforme a la sección 245A de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, en su versión enmendada.
I-687, Application for Status as a Temporary Resident—Applicants under section 245A of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
I-691, Aviso de Aprobación de Estatus de Residente Temporal, extranjeros ajustados a residencia temporal legal conforme a 8 CFR 210.2 y 245A.2.
I-691, Notice of Approval for Status as a Temporary Resident—Aliens adjusted to lawful temporary residence under8 CFR 210.2 and 245A.2.
I-698, Solicitud para Ajustar el Estatus de Residente Temporal a Permanente, solicitantes conforme a la sección 245A de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, en su versión enmendada.
I-698, Application to Adjust Status from Temporary to Permanent Resident—Applicants under section 245A of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
I-700, Solicitud de Estatus de Residente Temporal, solicitantes conforme a la sección 210 de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad, en su versión enmendada.
I-700, Application for Status as a Temporary Resident—Applicants under section 210 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
I-817, Solicitud de Salida Voluntaria conforme al Programa de Unidad Familiar.[8]
I-817, Application for Voluntary Departure under the Family Unity Program.[8]
Antes de que la IFR agregara el "Comprobante de Registro de Extranjero USCIS G-325R", el 8 CFR 264.1(b) enumeraba los siguientes formularios como constitutivos de prueba de registro:
Before the IFR added “USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration,” 8 CFR 264.1(b) listed the following forms as constituting evidence of registration:
I-94, Registro de Entrada y Salida, extranjeros admitidos como no inmigrantes; extranjeros autorizados a ingresar a los Estados Unidos bajo libertad condicional (parole) conforme a la sección 212(d)(5) de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad; extranjeros cuya entrada alegada antes del 1 de julio de 1924 no pueda verificarse, habiendo establecido satisfactoriamente su residencia en los Estados Unidos desde antes del 1 de julio de 1924; y extranjeros a quienes se les concede permiso para salir sin que se inicien procedimientos de deportación.
I-94, Arrival-Departure Record—Aliens admitted as nonimmigrants; aliens paroled into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act; aliens whose claimed entry prior to July 1, 1924, cannot be verified, they having satisfactorily established residence in the United States since prior to July 1, 1924; and aliens granted permission to depart without the institution of deportation proceedings.
I-95, Permiso de Desembarco de Tripulantes, tripulantes que llegan por buque o aeronave.
I-95, Crewmen's Landing Permit—Crewmen arriving by vessel or aircraft.
I-184, Permiso de Desembarco e Identificación de Tripulante Extranjero, tripulantes que llegan por buque.
I-184, Alien Crewman Landing Permit and Identification Card—Crewmen arriving by vessel.
I-185, Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo para Extranjeros No Inmigrantes de Canadá. Ciudadanos de Canadá o súbditos británicos que residen en Canadá.
I-185, Nonresident Alien Canadian Border Crossing Card—Citizens of Canada or British subjects residing in Canada.
I-186, Tarjeta de Cruce Fronterizo para Extranjeros No Inmigrantes de México. Ciudadanos de México que residen en México.
I-186, Nonresident Alien Mexican Border Crossing Card—Citizens of Mexico residing in Mexico.
I-221, Orden de Comparecencia y Notificación de Audiencia. Extranjeros contra quienes se están instituyendo procedimientos de deportación.
I-221, Order to Show Cause and Notice of Hearing—Aliens against whom deportation proceedings are being instituted.
I-221S, Orden de Comparecencia, Notificación de Audiencia y Orden de Arresto de Extranjero. Extranjeros contra quienes se están instituyendo procedimientos de deportación.
I-221S, Order to Show Cause, Notice of Hearing, and Warrant for Arrest of Alien—Aliens against whom deportation proceedings are being instituted.
I-551, Tarjeta de Residente Permanente. Residente permanente legal de los Estados Unidos.
I-551, Permanent Resident Card—Lawful permanent resident of the United States.
I-766, Documento de Autorización de Empleo (EAD, por sus siglas en inglés).
I-766, Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
Formulario I-862, Notificación de Comparecencia. Extranjeros contra quienes se están instituyendo procedimientos de expulsión.
Form I-862, Notice to Appear—Aliens against whom removal proceedings are being instituted.
Formulario I-863, Notificación de Remisión a un Juez de Inmigración. Extranjeros contra quienes se están instituyendo procedimientos de expulsión.[9]
Form I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge—Aliens against whom removal proceedings are being instituted.[9]
Además, conforme a una nota al 8 CFR 264.1(b), un sello de admisión o permiso de permanencia temporal (parole) de no inmigrante válido y vigente del DHS en un pasaporte extranjero constituye evidencia de registro.
In addition, under a note to 8 CFR 264.1(b), a valid, unexpired nonimmigrant DHS admission or parole stamp in a foreign passport constitutes evidence of registration.
C. El IFR de marzo de 2025
C. The March 2025 IFR
El 12 de marzo de 2025, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) publicó un IFR con solicitud de comentarios en el Federal Register, 90 FR 11793 (12 de marzo de 2025). El IFR implementó parcialmente la sección 7 de la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, Protección del Pueblo Estadounidense contra la Invasión, emitida el 20 de enero de 2025. Véase 90 FR 8443 (29 de enero de 2025). La sección 7 instruye al DHS, en coordinación con el Departamento de Estado (State) y el Procurador General, a tomar todas las medidas apropiadas para:
On March 12, 2025, DHS published an IFR with request for comments in the Federal Register ,90 FR 11793 (Mar. 12, 2025). The IFR partially implemented section 7 of E.O. 14159, Protecting the American People Against Invasion, issued on January 20, 2025. See90 FR 8443 (Jan. 29, 2025). Section 7 directs the DHS, in coordination with the Department of State (State) and the Attorney General, to take all appropriate action to:
Anunciar y divulgar de inmediato información sobre la obligación legal de todos los extranjeros previamente no registrados en los Estados Unidos de cumplir con los requisitos de la parte VII ( printed page 39254) del subcapítulo II del capítulo 12 del título 8 del Código de los Estados Unidos (8 U.S.C. 1301 a 1306);
Immediately announce and publicize information about the legal obligation of all previously unregistered aliens in the United States to comply with the requirements of part VII of ( printed page 39254) subchapter II of chapter 12 of title 8, U.S. Code (8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306);
Asegurar que todos los extranjeros previamente no registrados en los Estados Unidos cumplan con 8 U.S.C. 1301 a 1306; y
Ensure that all previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306; and
Asegurar que el incumplimiento de las obligaciones legales de 8 U.S.C. 1301 a 1306 sea tratado como una prioridad de aplicación civil y penal. Véase 90 FR 8443 (29 de enero de 2025).
Ensure that failure to comply with the legal obligations of8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306 is treated as a civil and criminal enforcement priority. See90 FR 8443 (Jan. 29, 2025).
Tras la emisión de esta Orden Ejecutiva, el DHS revisó las regulaciones de registro en 8 CFR parte 264 y determinó que sería apropiado designar un formulario de registro general, además de los ya identificados en las regulaciones, para mejorar los resultados de registro de ciertos grupos de extranjeros que actualmente carecen de un formulario de registro designado, tales como los extranjeros que están presentes sin haber sido admitidos o autorizados mediante permiso de permanencia temporal (parole) y que de otro modo no han sido encontrados por el DHS, o los no inmigrantes canadienses por negocios o placer a quienes no se les emite el Formulario I-94. Véase 90 FR 11793, 11795 (12 de marzo de 2025).
Following the issuance of this E.O., DHS reviewed the registration regulations at 8 CFR part 264 and determined that it would be appropriate to designate a general registration form in addition to those already identified in the regulations to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens who currently lack a designated registration form, such as aliens who are present without being admitted or paroled and have not otherwise been encountered by DHS, or Canadian nonimmigrants for business or pleasure who are not issued Form I-94. See90 FR 11793, 11795 (Mar. 12, 2025).
De conformidad con la Orden Ejecutiva y los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA, el IFR designó el nuevo Formulario G-325R, Información Biométrica (Registro), como una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus. Véase 90 FR 11793, 11795 (12 de marzo de 2025). Como se explica en el IFR, para utilizar esta opción, los extranjeros deben crear su propia cuenta única, o una cuenta para su hijo, en myUSCIS en https://my.uscis.gov/ y luego completar el Formulario G-325R, Información Biográfica (Registro). Véase 90 FR 11793, 11796 (12 de marzo de 2025). No hay costo.
Consistent with the E.O. and the alien registration requirements of the INA, the IFR designated new Form G-325R, Biometric Information (Registration) as a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of their status. See90 FR 11793, 11795 (Mar. 12, 2025). As explained in the IFR, to use this option, aliens must create their own unique account, or an account for their child, in myUSCIS at https://my.uscis.gov/​ and then complete the Form G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration). See90 FR 11793, 11796 (Mar. 12, 2025). There is no fee.
La presentación del registro en myUSCIS inicia el proceso para la cita de servicios biométricos del extranjero en un Centro de Apoyo para Solicitudes (ASC, por sus siglas en inglés) local de USCIS para la recopilación de datos biométricos, incluidas las huellas dactilares, la fotografía y la firma.
Submission of the registration in myUSCIS initiates the process for the alien's biometric services appointment at a local USCIS Application Support Center (ASC) for the collection of biometrics, including fingerprints, photograph, and signature.
Una vez que un extranjero completa exitosamente su cita biométrica en un ASC, el sistema de gestión de casos del Sistema Electrónico de Inmigración de USCIS (ELIS, por sus siglas en inglés) activa la creación del “Comprobante de Registro G-325R del Extranjero de USCIS” con un identificador único impreso en el documento. Para aquellos extranjeros, como los no inmigrantes canadienses y los extranjeros menores de 14 años, que están obligados a registrarse pero a quienes se les exime del requisito de huellas dactilares, el sistema de gestión de casos ELIS activa la creación del “Comprobante de Registro G-325R del Extranjero de USCIS” al recibir el Formulario G-325R. Este documento de “Comprobante de Registro G-325R del Extranjero de USCIS” se publica entonces en la cuenta myUSCIS del extranjero. En la cuenta myUSCIS, se permite al extranjero descargar una versión en PDF del documento y puede imprimirlo. Este documento sirve como evidencia del registro del extranjero para efectos de la sección 264(d) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(d).
Once an alien successfully completes his or her biometrics appointment at an ASC, the USCIS Electronic Immigration System (ELIS) case management system triggers the creation of “USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration” with a unique identifier printed on the document. For those aliens, such as Canadian nonimmigrants and aliens under the age of 14 years old, required to register but for whom the fingerprint requirement is waived, the ELIS case management system triggers the creation of the “USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration” upon receipt of the Form G-325R. This “USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration” document is then posted to the alien's myUSCIS account. In the myUSCIS account, the alien is allowed to download a PDF version of the document and can print it. This document serves as evidence of the alien's registration for purposes of section 264(d) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(d).
El IFR llenó los vacíos del régimen regulatorio al establecer un formulario de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros independientemente de su estatus, además de los otros formularios ya enumerados. Específicamente, el IFR enumeró el nuevo formulario en 8 CFR 264.1(a) y enumeró la evidencia correspondiente de registro en 8 CFR 264.1(b). Véase 90 FR 11793, 11796 (12 de marzo de 2025).
The IFR filled the gaps in the regulatory regime by prescribing a registration form available to all aliens regardless of their status, in addition to the other forms already listed. Specifically, the IFR listed the new form at 8 CFR 264.1(a) and listed the corresponding evidence of registration at 8 CFR 264.1(b). See90 FR 11793, 11796 (Mar. 12, 2025).
De conformidad con la sección 289 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1359, el DHS (Departamento de Seguridad Nacional) interpretó que los requisitos de registro y toma de huellas dactilares de la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 excluyen de "todos los extranjeros" a los indígenas americanos nacidos en Canadá que posean al menos el 50 por ciento de sangre de la raza indígena americana que se encuentren presentes en los Estados Unidos bajo la autoridad de la sección 289 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1359, ya que la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 y otras disposiciones del subcapítulo II del capítulo 12, título 8 del Código de los Estados Unidos se interpretan de manera consistente con su derecho a cruzar las fronteras de los Estados Unidos.[10] Por lo tanto, el formulario de registro agregado en el IFR no es utilizado por estos ingresantes porque dichos ingresantes no tienen que registrarse.[11]
Consistent with section 289 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1359, DHS interpreted the registration and fingerprinting requirements of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 to exclude from “all aliens” American Indians born in Canada who possess at least 50 per centum of blood of the American Indian race who are present in the United States under the authority of section 289 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1359, as section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 and other provisions of subchapter II of chapter 12, title 8 of the U.S. Code are construed consistent with their right to pass the borders of the United States.[10] Therefore, the registration form added in the IFR is not used by these entrants because such entrants do not have to register.[11]
El IFR no impuso ninguna nueva obligación de registro o toma de huellas dactilares separada de las obligaciones ya contenidas en la INA. Un extranjero que se haya registrado previamente de conformidad con 8 CFR 264.1(a), o un extranjero que tenga evidencia de registro de conformidad con 8 CFR 264.1(b), generalmente no necesita registrarse nuevamente, aunque dicho extranjero está sujeto a los requisitos continuos de notificación de cambio de domicilio bajo la sección 265(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1305(a) y 8 CFR 265.1, los cuales son adicionales y separados de cualquier otra obligación de notificación de domicilio que el extranjero pueda tener.
The IFR did not impose any new registration or fingerprinting obligations separate from the obligations already contained in the INA. An alien who has previously registered consistent with 8 CFR 264.1(a), or an alien who has evidence of registration consistent with 8 CFR 264.1(b), generally need not register again, although such an alien is subject to ongoing change of address reporting requirements under section 265(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1305(a) and 8 CFR 265.1, which are in addition to, and separate from, any other address reporting obligations the alien may have.
Si bien el DHS no incorporó una tarifa para presentar el Formulario G-325R, el DHS solicitó comentarios en el IFR sobre la opción de agregar una tarifa de servicios biométricos por registrante de $30, para la recopilación, uso y almacenamiento de información biométrica, de conformidad con 8 CFR 103.16 y 17.
While DHS did not incorporate a fee for filing the Form G-325R, DHS requested comments in the IFR on the option of adding biometric services fee per registrant of $30, for the collection, use, and storage of biometric information, pursuant to 8 CFR 103.16 and 17.
III. Respuesta a los comentarios públicos sobre el IFR
III. Response to Public Comments on the IFR
A. Resumen de los comentarios sobre el IFR
A. Overview of Comments on the IFR
Al emitir el IFR, el DHS invitó al público a participar en el proceso de reglamentación mediante la presentación de comentarios posteriores a la promulgación sobre cada aspecto de la norma. El DHS también invitó al público a comentar sobre una posible tarifa de servicios biométricos, incluyendo el cálculo de dicha tarifa. Además, el IFR contenía un período de comentarios secundario para los fines del aviso del Registro Federal de 60 días conforme a la PRA (Ley de Reducción de Trámites), 44 U.S.C. 3501 y siguientes, y el Formulario G-325R, Información Biográfica (Registro), aprobado por la OMB. Véase 90 FR 11793, 11799 (12 de marzo de 2025). El DHS solicitó que los comentarios sobre la recopilación de información incluyeran el término Número de Control de la OMB 1615-NEW. El período de comentarios para los fines de la PRA finalizó el 12 de mayo de 2025. Cualquier comentario público recibido sobre el Formulario G-325R ha sido respondido como parte del aviso del Registro Federal de 30 días publicado con el fin de obtener la aprobación de la OMB del Formulario G-325R [12] el 11 de agosto de 2025, en 90 FR 38655. El instrumento de recopilación de información con instrucciones y documentos de respaldo adicionales, incluidas las respuestas a los comentarios presentados como parte del Aviso del Registro Federal de 60 días, se puede acceder visitando el sitio del Portal Federal de Reglamentación Electrónica en: http://www.regulations.gov bajo el número de expediente USCIS-2025-0005.
When issuing the IFR, DHS invited the public to participate in the rulemaking by submitting post-promulgation comments on every aspect of the rule. DHS also invited the public to comment on a potential biometric services fee, including on the calculation of the fee. Additionally, the IFR contained a secondary comment period for purposes of the 60-day Federal Register notice under the PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and OMB approved Form G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration). See90 FR 11793, 11799 (Mar. 12, 2025). DHS requested that comments on the information collection included the term OMB Control Number 1615-NEW. The comment period for purposes of the PRA ended on May 12, 2025. Any public comment received on Form G-325R has been responded to as part of the 30-day Federal Register notice published for purposes of obtaining OMB approval of Form G-325R [12] on August 11, 2025, at 90 FR 38655. The information collection instrument with instructions and additional supporting documents, including responses to comments submitted as part of the 60-day Federal Register Notice, can be accessed by visiting the Federal eRulemaking Portal site at: http://www.regulations.gov under Docket ID number USCIS-2025-0005.
Los comentarios fueron presentados por una variedad de entidades e individuos, incluyendo abogados y proveedores de servicios legales, solicitantes, comentaristas individuales, organizaciones profesionales, sindicatos, grupos de defensa, organizaciones religiosas, organizaciones de investigación y comunitarias ( printed page 39255) y agencias gubernamentales estatales y locales o funcionarios electos.
Comments were submitted by a range of entities and individuals, including attorneys and legal service providers, applicants, individual commenters, professional organizations, unions, advocacy groups, religious organizations, research and community ( printed page 39255) organizations, and State and local government agencies or elected officials.
En respuesta al IFR, el DHS recibió 4,198 presentaciones de comentarios públicos durante el período de comentarios inicial que finalizó el 11 de abril de 2025, para los fines del IFR y la recopilación de información. El período de comentarios secundario para los fines de la recopilación de información cerró el 12 de mayo de 2025, con 71 presentaciones adicionales recibidas en el expediente después del 11 de abril de 2025.
In response to the IFR, DHS received 4,198 public comment submissions during the initial comment period that ended on April 11, 2025, for purposes of the IFR and the information collection. The secondary comment period for purposes of the information collection closed on May 12, 2025, with 71 additional submissions received to the docket after April 11, 2025.
El DHS agradece todos los comentarios y la retroalimentación. Algunos comentaristas expresaron su apoyo al IFR o a partes del mismo, y a los requisitos de registro. La mayoría de los comentaristas se opusieron al requisito de registro establecido por ley y, por lo tanto, a su implementación, incluyendo el IFR, el Formulario G-325R, o el contenido del formulario, basándose en el impacto sobre diversas poblaciones o prácticas pasadas, pero sin proporcionar sugerencias específicas. La mayoría de los comentaristas solicitaron que el DHS revocara la norma.
DHS appreciates all comments and feedback. A few commenters expressed their support for the IFR or parts thereof, and the registration requirements. The majority of commenters opposed the statutory registration requirement and thus, the implementation thereof, including the IFR, Form G-325R, or the form's contents based on the impact on various populations or past practices but without providing specific suggestions. The majority of the commenters requested that DHS rescind the rule.
El DHS está respondiendo a los comentarios recibidos en esta regla final, pero reitera que, durante aproximadamente 85 años, las leyes de los Estados Unidos, incluidas las regulaciones vigentes desde hace mucho tiempo, han exigido que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos que permanezcan 30 días o más se registren y, con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, se tomen sus huellas dactilares. La Norma Provisional Final (IFR) y esta regla final no han modificado estos requisitos legales. De manera similar, la IFR y la regla final no modifican las sanciones penales establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas, que se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y obligaciones relacionadas. Esta regla es coherente con la Orden Ejecutiva (E.O.) 14159 y los requisitos de registro de extranjeros establecidos en las secciones 262 a 265 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1305, y establece una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. El DHS no tiene autoridad para revocar la Orden Ejecutiva ni los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA.
DHS is responding to the feedback received in this final rule but reiterates that, for approximately 85 years, the laws of the United States, including longstanding regulations, have required most aliens present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register and, with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. The IFR and this final rule have not modified these statutory requirements. Similarly, the IFR and final rule do not modify the criminal penalties established by Congress many decades ago that apply when aliens fail to meet their registration and related obligations. This rule is consistent with E.O. 14159 and the alien registration requirements in sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305, and establishes a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. DHS has no authority to rescind the E.O. or the alien registration requirements of the INA.
B. Apoyo a la IFR
B. Support for the IFR
Comentario: Varios comentaristas expresaron su apoyo a la IFR. Un comentarista señaló que la IFR es un medio para que el DHS y USCIS cumplan con la Orden Ejecutiva 14159. El comentarista razonó que un formulario de registro general para todos los extranjeros no registrados, [13] independientemente de su estatus, mejoraría los resultados del registro y apoyaría la aplicación de las leyes y regulaciones de inmigración. El comentarista agregó que este nuevo formulario de registro cerraría la brecha regulatoria entre “ciertos estatus migratorios” y los procedimientos y requisitos de registro apropiados. Otro comentarista razonó que “los extranjeros deben ser investigados” para proteger la seguridad de los ciudadanos estadounidenses, incluso al saber “quién ha ingresado a nuestro país”, y alentó al DHS a “aprobar” esta regulación.
Comment: Multiple commenters expressed support for the IFR. One commenter noted the IFR is a means for DHS and USCIS to comply with E.O. 14159. The commenter reasoned that a general registration form for all unregistered aliens,[13] regardless of status, would improve registration outcomes and support the enforcement of immigration laws and regulations. The commenter added that this new registration form would bridge the regulatory gap between “certain immigration statuses” and appropriate registration procedures and requirements. Another commenter reasoned that “aliens need to be vetted” to protect the safety of U.S. citizens, including by knowing “who has entered our country,” and encouraged DHS to “pass” this regulation.
Respuesta: El DHS coincide en que el nuevo formulario de registro y la evidencia de registro mejorarán los resultados del registro y apoyarán la aplicación de las leyes y regulaciones de inmigración. El DHS agradece los comentarios y el apoyo de los comentaristas a la obligación del DHS de ejecutar fielmente las leyes de inmigración establecidas por el Congreso.
Response: DHS agrees that the new registration form and evidence of registration will improve registration outcomes and support the enforcement of immigration laws and regulations. DHS appreciates the commenters' feedback and support for DHS obligation to faithfully execute immigration laws established by Congress.
C. Oposición a la IFR y objeciones de política
C. Opposition to the IFR and Policy Objections
1. Impactos negativos generales
1. General Negative Impacts
a. Preocupaciones sobre la extralimitación y la invasividad
a. Overreach and Invasiveness Concerns
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas expresaron preocupaciones sobre la extralimitación federal como resultado de la IFR. Los comentaristas escribieron de diversas maneras que la IFR es “invasiva”, “se sale de los límites”, crearía un “estado policial”, “no tiene cabida en nuestro sistema de leyes democráticas”, violaría el estado de derecho, permitiría una vigilancia o control gubernamental excesivos que sienta un precedente preocupante, representa un abuso de poder y es una expansión peligrosa del control estatal que permitirá al gobierno vigilar a millones de personas. Un comentarista declaró que, una vez implementada, la IFR podría proporcionar una herramienta mediante la cual cualquier administración futura podría promulgar medidas represivas y dirigidas contra los residentes extranjeros de los Estados Unidos. El comentarista señaló que la autoridad, una vez delegada a los organismos gubernamentales, rara vez se cede o se revoca, y que el DHS debería tener cuidado de considerar el precedente regulatorio que establecería la IFR. Otro comentarista declaró que la IFR impone un requisito de registro similar al que impuso Alemania durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial como medio para controlar a grupos impopulares. Un comentarista agregó que, si bien el registro está codificado en las leyes de los Estados Unidos y es legal garantizar su cumplimiento, la ley afecta de manera desproporcionada a las personas y sus familias que han vivido y contribuido pacíficamente a la sociedad durante años, especialmente aquellas con solicitudes de alivio migratorio o protecciones humanitarias pendientes.
Comment: Many commenters voiced concerns with Federal overreach as a result of the IFR. Commenters variously wrote that the IFR is “invasive,” “out of bounds,” would create a “police state,” “has no place in our system of democratic laws,” would violate the rule of law, would allow excessive surveillance or government control that sets a troubling precedent, represents an abuse of power, and is a dangerous expansion of state control that will enable the government to surveil millions of people. A commenter stated that once implemented, the IFR could provide a tool by which any future administration could enact targeted, repressive measures against alien residents of the United States. The commenter remarked that authority, once delegated to governing bodies, is rarely yielded or revoked, and that DHS should take care to consider the regulatory precedent the IFR would establish. Another commenter stated that the IFR imposes a similar registration requirement that was imposed by Germany during World War II as a means to control unpopular groups. A commenter added that while the registration is codified in the laws of the United States and it is lawful to ensure compliance, the law disproportionately impacts individuals and their families who have been living and contributing to society peacefully for years, especially those with pending immigration relief or humanitarian protections.
Otro comentarista declaró que la normalización de la vigilancia masiva para un grupo sienta un precedente peligroso, que potencialmente podría abrir el camino hacia erosiones más amplias de la privacidad y los derechos civiles para todas las personas. Un comentarista declaró que la IFR otorga al Secretario de Seguridad Nacional un poder discrecional sin control para vigilar, registrar y expulsar a los inmigrantes y, por lo tanto, era “una revisión radical de las facultades previas otorgadas al Secretario”.
Another commenter stated that the normalization of mass surveillance for one group sets a dangerous precedent, potentially paving the way for broader erosions of privacy and civil rights for all individuals. A commenter stated that the IFR gives the Secretary of Homeland Security unchecked discretionary power to monitor, register, and remove immigrants and thus, was “a sweeping revision of prior powers to the Secretary.”
Los comentaristas expresaron reservas sobre las implicaciones de la vigilancia por parte de las fuerzas del orden. Por ejemplo, un comentarista escribió que las medidas de vigilancia debilitan el tejido social de comunidades enteras. Otros comentaristas escribieron que la expansión de la vigilancia podría eventualmente incluir a todos los ciudadanos estadounidenses, y otro expresó preocupación por la facilidad con la que la política podría expandir la vigilancia y restringir las libertades individuales.
Commenters expressed reservations about the implications of surveillance by law enforcement. For example, a commenter wrote that surveillance measures weaken the social fabric of entire communities. Other commenters wrote that the expansion of surveillance could eventually include all U.S. citizens, with another expressing concern about the ease with which the policy could expand surveillance and restrict individual liberties.
Un comentarista escribió que la Norma Provisional Final (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) crearía requisitos de monitoreo “indignos” que constituirían una barrera para la integración, la participación económica y la confianza comunitaria. Otro comentarista dijo que la IFR es una “abominación absoluta”, ya que señala y atrapa a personas que contribuyen a la profundidad cultural y la vitalidad económica de los Estados Unidos. Un comentarista declaró que esta táctica se basa en mentiras para dividir a las personas, mientras que otro comentarista dijo que “este programa” envía un mensaje poco acogedor.
A commenter wrote that the IFR would create “undignified” monitoring requirements that would be a barrier to integration, economic participation, and community trust. Another commenter said the IFR is an “absolute abomination,” as it targets and entraps people who contribute to the cultural depth and economic vitality of the United States. One commenter stated that this tactic relies on lies to divide people, while another commenter said that “this program” sends an unwelcoming message.
Otro comentarista expresó su preocupación de que los datos recopilados bajo la IFR podrían facilitar abusos de derechos humanos, similares a los observados en programas históricos de registro obligatorio. El comentarista citó ejemplos como el internamiento de ciudadanos japoneses durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el programa NSEERS (Sistema Nacional de Registro de Entrada y Salida de Seguridad, por sus siglas en inglés) posterior al 11 de septiembre, y el registro de judíos durante el Holocausto. El comentarista señaló que no existen salvaguardas en la IFR para prevenir tales abusos y recomendó revocar la norma para proteger la privacidad y prevenir posibles daños.
Another commenter expressed concern that the data collected under the IFR could facilitate human rights abuses, similar to those seen in historical mandatory registration programs. The commenter cited examples such as the internment of Japanese citizens during World War II, the post-September 11 NSEERS (National Security Entry-Exit Registration System) program, and the registration of Jews during the Holocaust. The commenter remarked that there are no safeguards in the IFR to prevent such abuses and recommended rescinding the rule to protect privacy and prevent potential harm.
Un comentarista escribió que si el Gobierno Federal pretende hacer cumplir una norma de “muéstreme sus papeles” contra los extranjeros, entonces toda persona en los Estados Unidos, incluidos los ciudadanos estadounidenses, debe portar prueba de su estatus migratorio o enfrentar sanciones. En cuanto a “portar papeles”, un comentarista declaró que los inmigrantes registrados corren el riesgo de ser procesados si no los portan o no actualizan su domicilio, mientras que los extranjeros enfrentan la deportación o cargos penales. Un comentarista diferente dijo que ciertos Estados ya han presenciado la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración ( página impresa 39256) y señaló que con una ley nacional de “muéstreme sus papeles”, los ciudadanos estadounidenses sin prueba consigo, o los LPR (residentes permanentes legales), también corren el riesgo de ser detenidos ilegalmente e incluso deportados. El comentarista declaró que la norma y los procesos de registro constituyen una afrenta tanto a la seguridad pública como a la seguridad nacional, que este proceso pretende sostener.
A commenter wrote that if the Federal Government intends to enforce a “show me your papers” rule against aliens, then every person in the United States, including U.S. citizens, must carry proof of their immigration status or face penalties. With regard to “carrying papers,” a commenter stated that registered immigrants risk prosecution if they do not carry them or update their address, while aliens face deportation or criminal charges. A different commenter said that certain States have already ( printed page 39256) seen immigration enforcement and said that with a nationwide “show me your papers” law, U.S. citizens without proof on them, or LPRs, are also at risk of being unlawfully detained and even deported. The commenter stated that the rule and registration processes are an affront to public safety as well as national security, which this process purports to uphold.
Otro comentarista criticó la IFR como una “extralimitación profunda” de la autoridad federal, a pesar de las promesas de la administración de devolver más poder a los Estados. Otro comentarista consideró que la IFR contradice el objetivo declarado de la administración de reducir las regulaciones. Los comentaristas también escribieron que la norma y el registro forzado refuerzan la idea de un “Estado Profundo” y un estado de vigilancia, en el que los funcionarios gubernamentales usan los datos de registro para rastrear, señalar y castigar a las personas en violación directa de los derechos humanos y los derechos de los Estados Unidos.
Another commenter criticized the IFR as a “deep overreach” in Federal authority, despite the administration's promises to turn more power to the States. Another commenter viewed the IFR as contradictory to the administration's stated goal of reducing regulations. Commenters also wrote that the rule and forced registration reinforces the idea of a “Deep State” and surveillance state, where government officials use registration data to track, target, and punish individuals in direct violation of human rights and U.S. rights.
Un comentarista declaró que exigir a los extranjeros registrados que actualicen al gobierno sobre su residencia actual constituye una vigilancia “a la par de una sentencia de libertad condicional que ningún otro ciudadano estadounidense tiene que atravesar”. Los comentaristas declararon que la IFR y el requisito de registro son un paso hacia la vigilancia masiva y la criminalización de las comunidades “indocumentadas”; que estos requisitos son “orwellianos”; y que tienen el potencial de extralimitación gubernamental y uso indebido de datos para vigilar a los inmigrantes.
A commenter stated that requiring registered aliens to update the government with their current residence is surveillance “on par with a parole sentence that no other U.S. citizen has to go through.” Commenters stated that the IFR and the registration requirement are a step toward mass surveillance and criminalization of “undocumented” communities; that these requirements are “Orwellian;” and that they have the potential government overreach and the misuse of data to surveil immigrants.
Numerosos comentaristas sugirieron que la norma es antiestadounidense o contraria a los valores de los Estados Unidos, autoritaria, antidemocrática, que reforzaría estereotipos dañinos; o que era un “intento de completar [una] toma de poder autoritaria”, o de establecer una dictadura. Otros comentaristas declararon que la IFR contradice el valor estadounidense de la libertad de movimiento; que es peligrosa; fascista; punitiva; inhumana; inmoral; o explotadora. Algunos comentaristas escribieron que solo los nativos americanos no son inmigrantes en los Estados Unidos, y que las políticas de la IFR son, por lo tanto, hipócritas.
Numerous commenters suggested that the rule is un-American or runs contrary to U.S. values, authoritarian, un-democratic, that it would reinforce harmful stereotypes; or that it was an “attempt to complete [an] authoritarian takeover,” or establish a dictatorship. Other commenters stated that the IFR disagrees with the American value of free movement; is dangerous; fascist; punitive; inhumane; immoral; or exploitative. A few commenters wrote that only Native Americans are not immigrants to the United States, and that the IFR's policies are hypocritical as a result.
Algunos comentaristas escribieron que el IFR (reglamento final provisional, por sus siglas en inglés) es “cruel” y contradice los valores de dar la bienvenida a los extranjeros y brindarles seguridad y libertad, como lo representa la Estatua de la Libertad. De manera similar, algunos comentaristas señalaron que Estados Unidos es una nación de inmigrantes que debería acoger la diversidad y ser más respetuosa con esos inmigrantes; que el sistema de inmigración de los Estados Unidos debería ser justo y proporcionar vías viables hacia el estatus legal, y que la regla no contribuye a esos objetivos. Otros comentaristas dijeron que Estados Unidos no debería intimidar ni menospreciar a los extranjeros y que Estados Unidos debería honrar su reputación de aceptar a extranjeros que necesitan protección contra la persecución, amenazas, tortura y muerte en su propio país. Al señalar que la regla impone una carga indebida y crea temor en las comunidades, un comentarista dijo que convertir en delincuentes a personas que contribuyen a la sociedad no tenía sentido. Al hablar de los esfuerzos en su estado, el comentarista indicó que puede haber “llamados a la seguridad fronteriza” y, al mismo tiempo, tratar a todas las personas con respeto y reconocer el valor de los inmigrantes en la sociedad.
Commenters wrote that the IFR is “cruel” and contradicts the values of welcoming aliens and providing them with safety and freedom, as represented by the Statue of Liberty. Similarly, a few commenters remarked that the United States is a nation of immigrants that should embrace diversity and be more respectful of those immigrants; that the U.S. immigration system should be fair and provide viable paths to legal status, and that the rule does not further those goals. Other commenters said that the United States should not intimidate or demean aliens and that the United States should honor its reputation of accepting aliens in need of protection from persecution, threats, torture, and death from their own country. Stating that the rule imposes an undue burden and creates fear in communities, a commenter said that making criminals out of people who are contributing to society was nonsensical. Discussing efforts in their State, the commenter noted that there can be “calls for border security” while still treating all people with respect and acknowledging the value of immigrants in society.
Varios comentaristas calificaron el requisito de registro como una violación de los derechos humanos. Un comentarista también dijo que el IFR abriría la puerta a abusos de los derechos humanos. Los comentaristas afirmaron que el IFR corre el riesgo de dañar la reputación internacional de Estados Unidos como defensor de la equidad, los derechos humanos y el debido proceso. Otro comentarista escribió que el IFR busca “reducir al inmigrante a una persona indeseable”, lo cual contradice los principios religiosos, va en contra de los valores cristianos e impide que las personas practiquen sus creencias religiosas. Los comentaristas también afirmaron que el IFR plantea cuestiones morales y legales y recuerda a los días oscuros de la historia judía.
Several commenters called the registration requirement a violation of human rights. A commenter also said that the IFR would open the door for human rights abuse. Commenters stated that the IFR risks damaging the United States' international reputation as a champion of fairness, human rights, and due process. Another commenter wrote that the IFR aims to “reduce the immigrant to an undesirable person,” which contradicts religious principles, is against Christian values, and prevents individuals from practicing their religious beliefs. Commenters also stated that the IFR raises moral and legal questions and harkens back to dark days in Jewish history.
Un comentarista afirmó que el Gobierno Federal, bajo la administración presidencial anterior, se comprometió reiteradamente con una política de inmigración humana e informada sobre el trauma, particularmente para niños y familias. Los comentaristas dijeron que el IFR contradice esos valores y codifica mecanismos de cumplimiento basados en el miedo sin proporcionar vías hacia la seguridad, el alivio legal o la estabilidad, lo cual era particularmente preocupante en ciudades como Chicago, donde miles de solicitantes de asilo todavía esperan permisos de trabajo, colocación escolar y vivienda básica.
A commenter stated that the Federal Government, under the previous Presidential administration, repeatedly committed to a humane, trauma-informed immigration policy, particularly for children and families. The commenters said that the IFR contradicts those values and codifies fear-based compliance mechanisms without providing pathways to safety, legal relief, or stability, which was particularly concerning in cities like Chicago, where thousands of asylum seekers are still awaiting work permits, school placements, and basic housing.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) no está de acuerdo con la caracterización del IFR como una extralimitación, discriminatorio, o contrario a los principios y valores de la sociedad estadounidense, como lo plantearon los comentaristas. El DHS tampoco está de acuerdo con las preocupaciones planteadas por los comentaristas que equiparan el programa de registro con la extralimitación gubernamental, la vigilancia masiva, la erosión de las libertades civiles, el castigo, la falta de salvaguardas, y el establecimiento de precedentes para la vigilancia masiva de ciudadanos estadounidenses. El Congreso ordenó y proporcionó la autoridad necesaria para el registro de extranjeros, incluido el contenido del registro, en las secciones 262 a 266 del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1306. Es el Congreso quien establece la política y las consecuencias; el DHS actúa bajo la dirección del Congreso y está comprometido a cumplir con el mandato legislativo.
Response: DHS disagrees with the characterization of the IFR as overreach, discriminatory, or otherwise contrary to the principles and values of American society, as raised by the commenters. DHS also disagrees with the concerns raised by commenters that equate the registration program with government overreach, mass surveillance, eroding civil liberties, punishment, lack of safeguards, and setting precedents for mass surveillance of U.S. citizens. Congress directed and provided the necessary authority for the registration of aliens, including the content of the registration in sections 262 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1306. It is Congress that sets the policy and consequences; DHS is directed by Congress and committed to carry out the congressional mandate.
El presidente Trump instruyó al DHS a tomar todas las medidas apropiadas para garantizar que los extranjeros previamente no registrados en los Estados Unidos cumplan con su deber de registrarse ante el gobierno. El DHS identificó una laguna en el régimen regulatorio y estableció una nueva opción de registro general para que los extranjeros previamente no registrados pudieran cumplir con el requisito legal de larga data. Como se explica a lo largo de este proceso de reglamentación, el registro ha existido por más de 80 años; las administraciones habían implementado el requisito de registro en el reglamento de larga data en 8 CFR 264.1, que enumera formularios y evidencia de registro, como el Formulario I-485. El IFR y esta regla final tienen un alcance limitado, ya que prescriben un formulario de registro adicional y evidencia de registro para extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. El formulario de registro general recopila información biográfica básica e información requerida por la sección 264(a) del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a), que USCIS (Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos) tiene la responsabilidad legal de proteger, de manera similar a los otros tipos de formularios que recopila la agencia. Véase INA sec. 264(b), 8 U.S.C. 1304(b).
President Trump directed DHS to take all appropriate action to ensure that previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with their duty to register with the government. DHS identified a gap in the regulatory regime and established a new general registration option so that previously unregistered aliens could comply with the longstanding statutory requirement. As explained throughout this rulemaking, registration has existed for over 80 years; administrations had implemented the registration requirement in the longstanding regulation at 8 CFR 264.1, listing forms and evidence of registration, such as Form I-485. The IFR and this final rule is limited in scope by prescribing an additional registration form and evidence of registration for unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. The general registration form collects basic biographic information and information required by section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a), which USCIS has a legal responsibility to safeguard, similar to the other form types collected by the agency. See INA sec. 264(b), 8 U.S.C. 1304(b).
b. Efecto sobre la deportación, la detención y la criminalización
b. Effect on Removal, Detention, and Criminalization
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas criticaron la norma por considerarla un intento de entrampar a los extranjeros, obligándolos a elegir entre registrarse (lo cual los expondría a una posible deportación) o enfrentar sanciones penales por incumplimiento. Otro comentarista describió la norma como “innecesariamente complicada y claramente diseñada para entrampar y atrapar a las personas”, mientras que otro la describió como una “'política' de mala fe” destinada a confundir a los inmigrantes para que proporcionaran información que se utilizaría para perseguirlos por medios ilegales o inconstitucionales.
Comment: Many commenters criticized the rule as an attempt to entrap aliens by forcing them to either register (causing them to face potential deportation), or face criminal penalties for failing to comply. Another commenter described the rule as “unnecessarily complicated and clearly designed to entrap and ensnare people,” while another described it as a “bad faith `policy' ” meant to confuse immigrants into providing information that would be used to persecute them by illegal or unconstitutional means.
Un comentarista señaló que, en entrevistas con medios de comunicación, quien entonces era la Secretaria Noem indicó que el propósito del registro es facilitar la expulsión de personas de los Estados Unidos, y que quienes se registraran probablemente enfrentarían detención, procedimientos de expulsión y eventual deportación. Un comentarista manifestó su oposición a la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) y a la posible detención de extranjeros que resultaría de ella, describiendo las condiciones en los centros de detención de inmigración como potencialmente mortales y señalando informes de abuso médico.
A commenter stated that in media interviews, then-Secretary Noem indicated that the purpose of registration is to facilitate removal of people from the United States, and that those who register would likely face detention, removal proceedings, and eventual deportation. A commenter stated opposition to the IFR and the potential detention of aliens resulting from it, describing conditions in immigration detention centers as potentially deadly and noting reports of medical abuse.
Numerosos otros comentaristas manifestaron que la IFR conduciría a detenciones injustas, a la criminalización de la presencia de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos, a registros e incautaciones arbitrarios, a deportaciones injustas (incluso de extranjeros que se encuentran legalmente en el país y que esperan audiencias judiciales), a convertir en chivos expiatorios a inmigrantes trabajadores (página impresa 39257) y a castigar a personas sin fundamento. Un comentarista expresó su preocupación de que el propósito principal de la norma es facilitar que el DHS identifique y deporte a los extranjeros, y señaló que, siguiendo la lógica de la IFR, deberían aplicarse medidas similares a los ciudadanos estadounidenses, ya que sería más fácil identificarlos para su arresto en caso de considerarse necesario. Otro comentarista señaló que vincular el nuevo requisito de registro con una orden ejecutiva que exige al DHS priorizar el enjuiciamiento de infracciones y delitos menores, en lugar de delitos graves, pone de manifiesto que el propósito de este registro es la “deportación masiva”. Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que la actual administración utilizaría el proceso como arma contra personas que no tienen antecedentes penales ni una vía inmediata hacia un estatus legal conforme a la ley vigente, pero que, por lo demás, son miembros valiosos de la sociedad.
Numerous other commenters stated that the IFR would lead to unjust detentions, the criminalization of aliens' presence in the United States, arbitrary searches and seizures, unjust deportations (including for aliens in the country legally and awaiting court hearings), scapegoating of hardworking ( printed page 39257) immigrants, and punishing people without merit. A commenter expressed concern that the main purpose of the rule is to make it easier for DHS to identify and deport aliens, and stated that following the IFR's logic, similar measures should be applied to U.S. citizens because it would be easier to identify them for arrest should it be deemed necessary. Another commenter stated that coupling the new registration requirement with an E.O. requiring DHS to prioritize prosecuting violations and misdemeanors, rather than serious crimes, highlights that the purpose of this registration is “mass deportation.” A commenter expressed concern that the current administration would weaponize the process against individuals who have no criminal history and no immediate path to legal status under the current law, but are otherwise valued members of society.
Un comentarista escribió que la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, el registro de extranjeros y el énfasis en la deportación indican que el objetivo primordial del Gobierno Federal al hacer cumplir estas disposiciones es utilizar el registro como una herramienta para identificar, detener y deportar a los “inmigrantes indocumentados”, o para incentivarlos a que se autodeporten. Otros comentaristas señalaron que la IFR no distingue de manera significativa entre los extranjeros que se encuentran legalmente presentes y aquellos sin estatus, lo cual, según indicaron, podría llevar a que todos los extranjeros sean tratados como posibles objetivos de las medidas de control migratorio, independientemente de su estatus legal o antecedentes.
A commenter wrote that E.O. 14159, alien registration, and the focus on deportation indicate that the primary aim of the Federal Government in enforcing these provisions is to use the registry as a tool to identify, detain, and deport “undocumented immigrants” or incentivize them to self-deport. Other commenters stated that the IFR fails to meaningfully distinguish between lawfully present aliens and those without status, which they said could lead to the treatment of all aliens as potential enforcement targets, regardless of their legal status or history.
Otros comentarios señalaron que, a diferencia de programas como la Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia (DACA), este proceso de registro no ofrece beneficios, ni protecciones legales, ni ninguna forma de alivio migratorio, ni amparo frente a la deportación, y agregaron que la IFR no garantiza que los datos recopilados a través de este proceso no se utilizarán con fines de control migratorio. Otro comentarista señaló que los intentos anteriores de hacer cumplir requisitos de registro en interés de la seguridad nacional incluían garantías explícitas de que quienes cumplieran recibirían la debida consideración para obtener alivio migratorio, y afirmó que exigir este requisito sin ofrecer a los registrantes oportunidades de buscar vías legales hacia el ajuste de estatus socava nuestro compromiso colectivo de establecer un sistema migratorio justo y eficiente que priorice el bienestar de los residentes de largo plazo. El comentarista indicó que, en lugar de incentivar el cumplimiento, esta política castiga a quienes se identifican voluntariamente.
Other comments stated that, unlike programs such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), this registration process offers no benefits, no legal protections, no form of immigration relief, and no shield from deportation, and added that the IFR makes no promises that the data collected through this process would not be used for enforcement purposes. Another commenter stated that past attempts to enforce registration requirements in the interest of national security included explicit assurances that those who complied would be afforded due consideration for immigration relief, and stated that such a requirement without providing opportunities for registrants to pursue legal pathways toward status adjustment undermines our collective commitment to establishing a just, efficient immigration system that prioritizes the wellbeing of long-term residents. The commenter said that rather than incentivizing compliance, this policy punishes those who self-identify.
Un comentarista indicó que la norma no lograría cumplir con los objetivos de política de la administración de mejorar los resultados del registro, debido a que la administración no incentiva a los “inmigrantes indocumentados” a registrarse. Al analizar el contexto histórico de la Ley de Registro de Extranjeros de 1940 (Alien Registration Act of 1940), el comentarista escribió que el Congreso había otorgado al entonces Procurador General Robert H. Jackson la facultad de eximir a los registrantes de sanciones por ingreso ilegal. Como resultado, y debido a la exitosa comunicación pública del Procurador General alentando a los extranjeros a registrarse, aproximadamente 5 millones de extranjeros se registraron ante el Gobierno Federal para enero de 1941. En contraste, según el comentarista, esta Administración dejó en claro que planea utilizar el proceso de registro para impulsar sus actividades de cumplimiento de las leyes de inmigración, incluida la remoción, lo cual no incentiva a los “inmigrantes indocumentados” a registrarse. De manera similar, otro comentarista también indicó que es la primera vez que el gobierno exige el registro como parte de una campaña destinada a priorizar el enjuiciamiento de infracciones migratorias y fomentar la autoremoción, en lugar de ofrecer garantías, a diferencia del pasado, de que el registro podría conducir a un estatus legal o de que el extranjero no debe temer consecuencias adversas por registrarse.
A commenter indicated that the rule would fail to meet the administration's policy goals of improving registration outcomes because the administration fails to incentivize “undocumented immigrants” to register. Discussing the historical context of the Alien Registration Act of 1940, the commenter wrote that Congress had given then Attorney General Robert H. Jackson the power to relieve registrants of penalties for illegal entry. As a result, and because of the Attorney General's successful public messaging encouraging aliens to register, approximately 5 million aliens registered with the Federal Government by January 1941. In contrast, according to the commenter, this Administration made clear that it plans to use the registration process to advance its immigration enforcement activities, including removal, which fails to incentivize “undocumented immigrants” to register. Similarly, a commenter also indicated that it is the first time the government has required registration as part of a campaign to prioritize the prosecution of immigration offenses and encourage self-removal, rather than providing assurances, unlike in the past, that registration might lead to lawful status or that the alien does not have to fear adverse consequences for registering.
Varios comentaristas expresaron su preocupación de que el DHS utilizaría la norma para facilitar las deportaciones en virtud de la Ley de Enemigos Extranjeros de 1798 (Alien Enemies Act of 1798).
Several commenters expressed concerns that DHS would use the rule to facilitate deportations under the Alien Enemies Act of 1798.
Respuesta: El objetivo de la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) y de esta norma final es llenar un vacío en el régimen regulatorio mediante el establecimiento de un formulario general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros. La IFR no estableció los requisitos legales para registrarse o portar evidencia de registro, ni estableció las sanciones penales establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas que se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y afines.
Response: The goal of the IFR and this final rule is to fill a gap in the regulatory regime by prescribing a general registration form available to all aliens. The IFR did not establish the statutory requirements to register or carry evidence of registration, or establish the criminal penalties established by Congress many decades ago that apply when aliens failed to meet their registration and related obligations.
El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) coincide en que el registro no constituye un estatus migratorio, y la documentación de registro no evidencia un estatus migratorio, no establece autorización de empleo, ni otorga ningún otro derecho o beneficio conforme a la INA o cualquier otra ley de los Estados Unidos.
DHS agrees that the registration is not an immigration status, and the registration documentation does not evidence an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law.
Sin embargo, el estatuto dispone que la mayoría de los extranjeros de 14 años de edad o más que no fueron registrados ni tomados sus huellas dactilares (si así se requería) al solicitar una visa estadounidense, y que permanecen en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más, deben solicitar el registro y someterse a la toma de huellas dactilares. El estatuto impone sanciones civiles y penales por incumplimiento. El propósito de esta norma es proporcionar una manera clara para que los extranjeros cumplan con sus obligaciones legales de registro, en lugar de proporcionar incentivos más allá de los ya contenidos en la INA.
However, the statute provides that most aliens 14 years of age or older who were not registered and fingerprinted (if required) when applying for a U.S. visa and who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer, must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted. The statute imposes civil and criminal penalties for failure to comply. The purpose of this rule is to provide a straightforward way for aliens to meet their statutory obligations to register, rather than to provide incentives beyond those already contained in the INA.
Como declaró el entonces Procurador General Robert H. Jackson en su discurso ante el Common Council for American Unity, “[e]stos registros individuales detallados permiten al gobierno abordar cualquier problema relacionado con extranjeros sobre la base de méritos individuales, y eliminan cualquier excusa para procedimientos indiscriminados de redada o acciones masivas.” [14] Muchos extranjeros que se encuentran presentes en los Estados Unidos ya han cumplido con su deber de registrarse a través de diversas vías identificadas en el 8 CFR 264.1. Cada formulario de registro G-325R será sometido a una revisión individual para determinar si el extranjero ya cumplió con los requisitos de registro de alguna otra manera y no necesita presentar el Formulario G-325R, o si el extranjero debe comparecer a una cita de servicios biométricos.
As then-Attorney General Robert H. Jackson stated in his address before the Common Council for American Unity, “[t]hese detailed individual records enable the government to deal with any alien problems on the basis of individual merits, and they take away any excuse for indiscriminating dragnet procedures or mass action.” [14] Many aliens who are present in the United States have already fulfilled their duty to register through a variety of pathways identified in 8 CFR 264.1. Each registration Form G-325R will undergo an individual review to determine if the alien has already complied with the registration requirements in some other way and does not need to submit Form G-325R or if the alien is required to appear for a biometric services appointment.
El DHS considera que la mejora en los resultados del registro aumentará la eficacia del cumplimiento de la ley por parte del DHS, al proporcionar información más completa sobre la ubicación de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos, lo cual facilita y hace más segura la aplicación de la ley por parte del DHS. El mayor cumplimiento de los requisitos de toma de huellas dactilares proporcionaría al DHS información adicional sobre los antecedentes penales del extranjero, incluso si se trata de un terrorista conocido o sospechoso. El DHS no considera que exista un problema en la relación entre el registro y la eficacia del cumplimiento de la ley; el Congreso específicamente dispuso el intercambio de información de registro de extranjeros con las autoridades policiales federales, estatales y locales, y el DHS cumple con las leyes debidamente promulgadas por el Congreso.[15]
DHS believes that improved registration outcomes will improve DHS law enforcement efficacy by providing more comprehensive information about the location of aliens in the United States, which makes it easier and safer for DHS to enforce the law. The increased compliance with fingerprinting requirements would provide DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist. DHS does not believe that a nexus between registration and law enforcement efficacy is problematic; Congress specifically provided for the sharing of alien registration information with Federal, State, and local law enforcement, and DHS complies with the laws as duly passed by Congress.[15]
c. Impactos administrativos y financieros para las poblaciones de no inmigrantes
c. Administrative and Financial Impacts to Nonimmigrant Populations
Comentario: Los comentaristas se opusieron a la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) debido a las cargas financieras y administrativas impuestas a las poblaciones inmigrantes. Un comentarista señaló que los requisitos de registro representarían un desafío para los inmigrantes que experimentan cambios en su situación de vivienda, en particular aquellos que necesitan reubicarse rápidamente. El comentarista observó que los requisitos de actualización de cambio de domicilio podrían obstaculizar la capacidad de los inmigrantes para desenvolverse en el sistema judicial, mientras que los retrasos burocráticos podrían etiquetar incorrectamente a los inmigrantes con movilidad como incumplidores de los requisitos de registro.
Comment: Commenters opposed the IFR due to financial and administrative burdens on immigrant populations. A commenter stated that registration requirements would challenge immigrants experiencing changes in living situations, particularly those needing to relocate quickly. The commenter noted that change-of-address update requirements could impede immigrants' ability to navigate the court system, while bureaucratic backlogs might incorrectly label mobile immigrants as non-compliant with registration requirements.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por las posibles cargas financieras si el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) implementara tarifas de procesamiento para el Formulario G-325R, especialmente para las personas que presentan múltiples registros debido a (página impresa 39258) circunstancias cambiantes. Estos requisitos administrativos agravarían los desafíos existentes que enfrentan los inmigrantes mientras manejan procesos legales, educación, responsabilidades familiares y barreras digitales. Muchos comentaristas sugirieron que exigir el Formulario G-325R añadiría cargas burocráticas y financieras innecesarias, ya que los inmigrantes ya presentan una amplia documentación.
A commenter expressed concern about potential financial burdens if DHS implemented processing fees for Form G-325R, especially for individuals submitting multiple registrations due to ( printed page 39258) changing circumstances. These administrative requirements would compound existing challenges immigrants face while managing legal proceedings, education, family responsibilities, and digital barriers. Many commenters suggested that requiring the Form G-325R would add unnecessary bureaucratic and financial burdens, as immigrants already submit extensive documentation.
Respuesta: La IFR y esta norma tienen un alcance limitado y designan un nuevo formulario de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan con las disposiciones legales de registro y toma de huellas dactilares de extranjeros. Se instruyó al DHS, mediante la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, a tomar todas las medidas apropiadas para garantizar que los extranjeros comprendan su obligación conforme a la ley y cuenten con una vía para cumplir dicha obligación a través del nuevo proceso y formulario de registro general. Esta reglamentación no ha modificado la obligación establecida por el Congreso para que los extranjeros se registren y se les tomen las huellas dactilares. De igual manera, esta IFR no creó ni modificó las sanciones penales establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas, que se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y las obligaciones relacionadas, incluido el requisito de notificar al DHS sobre el cambio de domicilio. La ley creada por el Congreso exige que los extranjeros que están obligados a registrarse actualicen su domicilio ante el gobierno dentro de los 10 días posteriores a la mudanza. Véase la sección 265 del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1305.
Response: The IFR and this rule are limited in scope and designate a new registration form for aliens to comply with the statutory alien registration and fingerprinting provisions. DHS was directed through E.O. 14159 to take all appropriate action to ensure that aliens understand their duty under the law and have a path to satisfy that duty through the new general registration process and form. This rulemaking has not modified the duty established by Congress for aliens to register and be fingerprinted. Similarly, this IFR did not create or modify the criminal penalties established by Congress many decades ago that apply when aliens fail to meet their registration and related obligations, including the requirement to notify DHS of change of address. The law created by Congress requires that aliens who are required to register update their address with the government within 10 days of moving. See INA sec. 265, 8 U.S.C. 1305.
El formulario de registro general recopila información biográfica básica e información requerida por la sección 264(a) del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). El formulario es un formulario digital al que se puede acceder fácilmente a través de un navegador de internet o del teléfono celular de una persona. Además, las bibliotecas públicas y otras instituciones privadas y públicas proporcionan acceso a internet. La carga estimada por hora promedio de respuesta para completar el Formulario G-325R es de 2.5 horas. Asimismo, muchos extranjeros en los Estados Unidos ya se han registrado, conforme lo exige la ley, y no necesitarían completar el Formulario G-325R. Por lo tanto, el DHS no está de acuerdo con la caracterización de que la norma impone una carga indebida al público o agrava los desafíos existentes que enfrentan los inmigrantes. Si una persona encuentra dificultades para registrarse, el DHS recomienda comunicarse con el Centro de Contacto de USCIS para obtener asistencia en vivo.[16]
The general registration form collects basic biographic information and information required by section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). The form is a digital form that can be easily accessed through an internet browser or a person's cell phone. Additionally, public libraries and other private and public institutions provide access to the internet. The burden assessed for the average hour burden per response for completion of Form G-325R is 2.5 hours. Also, many aliens in the United States have already registered, as required by law, and would not need to complete Form G-325R. DHS thus disagrees with the characterization that the rule imposes an undue burden on the public or compounds existing challenges immigrants are facing. If an individual encounters difficulties with registering, DHS recommends contacting the USCIS Contact Center for live assistance.[16]
El DHS ha determinado que no impondrá una tarifa de servicios biométricos para los solicitantes de registro como parte de esta norma final. La sección III.F.5 de este preámbulo proporciona más detalles sobre la determinación de la tarifa de presentación.
DHS has determined that it will not impose a biometric services fee for registration applicants as part of this final rule. Section III.F.5 of this preamble provides more details on the determination of the filing fee.
Comentario: Los comentaristas señalaron que el requisito adicional de registro del Formulario G-325R impondría cargas financieras a los extranjeros de bajos ingresos debido a los costos legales y de solicitud, u otros costos asociados con la IFR, tales como faltar al trabajo o a la escuela, organizar el cuidado de los hijos, e incluso viajar para las citas biométricas, u obtener documentación específica, lo cual genera una tensión indebida en sus recursos limitados, todo lo cual puede hacer que el cumplimiento sea inalcanzable. Un comentarista señaló que los formularios de inmigración frecuentemente requieren asistencia externa para garantizar su cumplimiento, y es probable que los posibles registrantes busquen apoyo externo dado las sanciones por incumplimiento.
Comment: Commenters said that the additional Form G-325R registration requirement would impose financial burdens on low-income aliens due to legal and application costs or other costs associated with the IFR, such as missing work or school, arranging childcare, and even travel for biometrics appointments, or to obtain specific documentation, which places an undue strain on their limited resources, all of which can make compliance unattainable. A commenter stated that immigration forms frequently require outside assistance to ensure compliant completion, and prospective registrants are likely to seek external support given the penalties for noncompliance.
Respuesta: El DHS reconoce que existen cargas para los registrantes asociadas con esta norma. Estos costos incluyen, entre otros, la carga de tiempo para presentar los datos biométricos y los costos de viaje para acudir a un Centro de Apoyo a Solicitudes (ASC, por sus siglas en inglés). Un desglose más detallado de los costos asociados con esta norma se encuentra en la sección VI, la sección de Requisitos Estatutarios y Reglamentarios de este preámbulo.
Response: DHS acknowledges there are burdens to registrants associated with this rule. These costs include, but are not limited to, time burden to submit biometrics, and travel costs to go to an ASC. A more detailed breakdown of the costs associated with this rule is in section VI, the Statutory and Regulatory Requirements section of this preamble.
d. Impactos en la salud
d. Health Impacts
Comentario: Un comentarista declaró que el IFR pondría en peligro el bienestar mental y físico de las comunidades. Otro comentarista citó un estudio que encontró que las políticas migratorias restrictivas y las medidas de vigilancia se correlacionan con peores resultados de salud mental y física entre los extranjeros, incluyendo mayor ansiedad y depresión, así como un acceso reducido a los servicios de atención médica. Otro comentarista más expresó preocupación de que el IFR limitaría su capacidad de proporcionar atención médica a los pacientes debido al temor de los pacientes de encontrarse con el ICE, y además planteó inquietudes sobre las condiciones de salud en los centros de detención de extranjeros, afirmando que “múltiples personas” han muerto en ellos debido a condiciones inhumanas, inseguras e insalubres. Un comentarista escribió que el aumento del estrés provocado por el IFR en poblaciones vulnerables llevaría a un mayor contacto con las salas de emergencia, agencias de salud mental y proveedores de atención médica primaria. Un comentarista escribió que la carga adicional que el IFR impondría sobre los centros de procesamiento de USCIS podría aumentar el estrés de los extranjeros que esperan decisiones, lo que conduciría a desafíos de salud mental y física.
Comment: A commenter stated that the IFR would endanger communities' mental and physical well-being. Another commenter cited a study finding that restrictive immigration policies and surveillance measures correlate with poorer mental and physical health outcomes among aliens, including heightened anxiety and depression, as well as reduced access to healthcare services. Yet another commenter expressed concern that the IFR would limit their ability to provide medical care to patients due to patients' fear of encountering ICE, and further raised concerns about the health conditions in alien detention facilities, stating that “multiple people” have died in them due to inhumane, unsafe, and unsanitary conditions. A commenter wrote that the increased stress from the IFR to vulnerable populations would lead to higher contact with emergency rooms, mental health agencies, and primary health care providers. A commenter wrote that the additional burden from the IFR on USCIS processing centers could increase stress for aliens waiting for decisions, leading to mental and physical health challenges.
Respuesta: Durante más de 80 años, las leyes de los Estados Unidos han exigido que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos que permanezcan 30 días o más se registren y, con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, se tomen las huellas dactilares.
Response: For over 80 years, the laws of the United States have required most aliens present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register and, with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted.
El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) identificó una brecha en el régimen regulatorio y estableció una nueva opción de registro general que los extranjeros que están obligados a registrarse pero que aún no lo han hecho pueden utilizar para cumplir con sus obligaciones legales. El IFR y esta norma tienen un alcance limitado, ya que modifican las regulaciones del DHS para designar un nuevo formulario de registro y evidencia de registro para extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio.
DHS identified a gap in the regulatory regime and established a new general registration option that aliens, who are required to register but have not yet done so, may use to satisfy their statutory obligations. The IFR and this rule are limited in scope by amending DHS regulations to designate a new registration form and evidence of registration for unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status.
2. Impacto en poblaciones específicas
2. Impact on Specific Populations
a. Grupos según su estatus migratorio
a. Groups Based on Immigration Status
Comentario: Un comentarista dijo que la población de refugiados, solicitantes de asilo, titulares de visas y residentes permanentes a quienes atienden está compuesta casi exclusivamente por extranjeros que han sido perseguidos en sus países de origen, y añadió que un nuevo requisito de registro les da más motivos para temer al lugar al que han venido en busca de refugio y protección. Otro comentarista declaró que la norma podría causar que los extranjeros que ya están legalmente registrados mediante otros formularios de registro se sientan cada vez más temerosos e inseguros. Varios comentaristas agregaron que el IFR afectaría gravemente la inmigración legal.
Comment: A commenter said that the population of refugees, asylum seekers, visa holders, and permanent residents they serve almost exclusively comprises aliens who have been persecuted in their home countries, adding that a new registration requirement gives them more reason to fear the place they have come to for refuge and protection. Another commenter stated that the rule may cause aliens who are already legally registered using other registration forms to be increasingly fearful and uncertain. Multiple commenters added that the IFR would severely impact lawful immigration.
Algunos comentaristas declararon que el registro se utilizaría para señalar a las personas “indocumentadas” con fines de aplicación de la ley. Un comentarista declaró que la comunidad “indocumentada” incluye a personas trabajadoras que contribuyen a los Estados Unidos pero que no ven los beneficios de su trabajo. El comentarista concluyó que el registro perjudicaría a las comunidades y generaría temor.
Some commenters stated that the registration would be used to single out “undocumented” individuals for law enforcement actions. A commenter stated that the “undocumented” community includes hardworking individuals who contribute to the United States but do not see the benefits of their work. The commenter concluded that registration would harm communities and generate fear.
Otros indicaron que el IFR afectaría negativamente a personas que contribuyen enormemente a nuestro país y que no representan ninguna amenaza para los ciudadanos estadounidenses, incluidos los beneficiarios de DACA y otras personas que llegaron a los Estados Unidos a una edad temprana.
Others indicated that the IFR would negatively impact individuals who contribute richly to our country and pose no threat to U.S. citizens, including DACA recipients and other individuals who arrived in the United States at a young age.
Un comentarista declaró que los miembros de la organización, incluidos los “no ciudadanos” que ingresaron sin inspección, se ven directamente afectados por los requisitos de registro y las posibles sanciones penales por incumplimiento. El comentarista expresó preocupación por los miembros con solicitudes de alivio migratorio pendientes o solicitudes de acción diferida (como visas U o DACA) que han completado citas biométricas pero carecen de EAD que calificarían como registro válido. El comentarista dijo que había ayudado a presentar numerosas solicitudes de DACA entre 2020 y 2021 que nunca fueron adjudicadas debido a una orden judicial.
A commenter stated that the organization's members, including “noncitizens” who entered without inspection, are directly impacted by the registration requirements and potential criminal penalties for noncompliance. The commenter expressed concern for members with pending immigration relief applications or deferred action requests (such as U visas or DACA) who have completed biometrics appointments but lack EADs that would qualify as valid registration. The commenter said it had helped submit numerous DACA applications in 2020 to 2021 that were never adjudicated due to a court order.
Un comentarista escribió que el IFR apuntaría y afectaría de manera desproporcionada a los residentes de largo plazo en los Estados Unidos que esperan (página impresa 39259) alivio migratorio o protecciones humanitarias. Un comentarista cuestionó el razonamiento detrás de la decisión del DHS, sugiriendo que crea un obstáculo procesal adicional para poblaciones vulnerables que probablemente ya han presentado sus datos biométricos al gobierno. Otro comentarista expresó preocupación de que el registro a menudo conduce a resultados negativos, como la vigilancia, la segregación y la incriminación. El comentarista señaló que identificar a un grupo como separado del resto puede tener consecuencias graves, independientemente de las intenciones originales.
A commenter wrote that the IFR would target and disproportionately affect long-term U.S. residents awaiting ( printed page 39259) immigration relief or humanitarian protections. A commenter questioned the rationale behind DHS's decision, suggesting that it creates an additional procedural hurdle for vulnerable populations who have likely already submitted their biometric data to the government. Another commenter expressed concern that registration often leads to negative outcomes, such as surveillance, segregation, and incrimination. The commenter remarked that identifying a group as separate from the rest can have serious consequences, regardless of the original intentions.
Respuesta: La Norma Final Provisional (IFR) y la presente norma tienen un alcance limitado a establecer una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, con el fin de mejorar los resultados de registro para determinados grupos de extranjeros. Un extranjero al que se le haya expedido uno de los documentos designados como prueba de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b) ya se ha registrado, y un extranjero que haya presentado uno de los formularios designados en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y haya proporcionado sus huellas dactilares (salvo que se haya dispensado este requisito), pero al que no se le haya expedido uno de los documentos de prueba de registro designados en el 8 CFR 264.1(b), ha cumplido con el requisito de registro de la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Si un extranjero no cuenta con ninguna otra vía para registrarse y proporcionar sus huellas dactilares, el extranjero puede presentar el Formulario G-325R para cumplir con su obligación conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Los extranjeros que estén registrados y hayan cumplido 14 años de edad pueden utilizar el nuevo formulario para registrarse si no cuentan con ninguna otra vía para satisfacer este requisito.
Response: The IFR and this rule are limited in scope to establish a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens. An alien who has been issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b) has already registered, and an alien who has submitted one of the forms designated at 8 CFR 264.1(a) and provided fingerprints (unless waived), but was not issued one of the evidence of registration designated at 8 CFR 264.1(b), has complied with the registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. If an alien does not have any other pathway to register and to be fingerprinted, the alien may file the Form G-325R to comply with their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Aliens who are registered and reached 14 years old may use the new form to register if they have no other pathway to satisfy this requirement.
El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) tiene conocimiento de que existen áreas de la normativa vigente que podrían mejorarse, incluyendo la modificación de la lista de formularios prescritos como formularios de registro en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y la lista de formularios que constituyen prueba de registro en el 8 CFR 264.1(b). Como parte de esta norma final, el DHS solicita comentarios sobre diversas maneras de modificar la normativa del DHS a fin de mejorar la implementación del requisito de registro conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Véase la sección V de este preámbulo.
DHS is aware that there are areas of the existing regulations that could be improved, including amending the list of forms prescribed as registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and the list of forms constituted as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). As part of this final rule, DHS is requesting comments on various ways to amend the DHS regulation to improve implementation of the registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. See section V of this preamble.
b. Familias e hijos
b. Families and Children
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas afirman que la IFR perjudicaría a los niños y a las familias. Varios comentaristas indicaron que la IFR podría disuadir a las familias de inscribir a sus hijos en la escuela, de buscar atención médica o de denunciar delitos. En cuanto al impacto en la educación de los niños, un comentarista señaló que el sistema de registro podría generar un riesgo de sanción y que los padres podrían dudar en registrarse a sí mismos o a sus hijos por temor a que la información pudiera utilizarse para iniciar procedimientos de expulsión. Concluyeron que esto socava la confianza necesaria no solo para cooperar con las fuerzas del orden locales a fin de reducir la delincuencia, sino también para que los educadores, trabajadores sociales y socios del sector de la salud puedan atender eficazmente a estas familias.
Comment: Many commenters state that the IFR would harm children and families. Several commenters indicated that the IFR could deter families from enrolling children in school, from seeking medical care, or from reporting crimes. Speaking to the impact on children's education, a commenter stated that the registration system could lead to a risk of punishment and parents may be hesitant to register themselves or their children out of fear the information could be used to initiate removal proceedings. They concluded that this undermines the trust necessary not only to cooperate with local law enforcement to reduce crime, but for educators, social workers, and healthcare partners to serve these families effectively.
Varios otros comentaristas señalaron que la IFR no contiene salvaguardas para las familias y afirmaron que la IFR podría conducir a la deportación de padres o cuidadores, y provocar la separación familiar, incluso en el caso de familias de estatus migratorio mixto. Un comentarista criticó la suposición de USCIS de que los posibles registrantes entenderían que deben registrarse, y describió a los inmigrantes como “blancos de separación familiar, detención o deportación”.
Several other commenters remarked that the IFR does not contain safeguards for families and stated that the IFR could lead to the deportation of parents or caregivers, and leading to family separation, including for mixed-status families. A commenter criticized USCIS' assumption that potential registrants would understand they need to register and described immigrants as “targets for family separation, detention, or deportation.”
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por el hecho de que la IFR generaría cargas para las familias con hijos menores de edad que carecen de acceso a una vivienda estable, asesoría legal, alfabetización digital o una conexión a internet confiable, y que podrían enfrentar sanciones penales en caso de no lograr registrarse.
A commenter voiced concern that the IFR would create burdens for those families with minor children who lack access to stable housing, legal counsel, digital literacy, or reliable internet and potentially facing criminal penalties if not successful at registering.
Otro comentarista señaló que la IFR no toma en cuenta el impacto significativo que tendría la aplicación de la remoción acelerada a los parolados sobre las familias y las comunidades, y añadió que someterlos a la remoción sin las protecciones procesales adecuadas podría ocasionar graves consecuencias sociales y económicas para estas personas y sus familias. En cuanto a la economía, los comentaristas escribieron que muchas familias de “estatus mixto” se verían perjudicadas, a pesar de haber contribuido de manera significativa a la economía.
Another commenter stated that the IFR fails to consider the significant impact on its application of expedited removal to parolees would have on families and communities, adding that subjecting them to removal without appropriate procedural protections could result in severe social and economic consequences for these individuals and their families. With regard to the economy, commenters wrote that many “mixed-status” families would be harmed, despite having significantly contributed to the economy.
Un comentarista escribió que algunas familias de inmigrantes ya se encuentran en proceso de obtener un alivio migratorio legal y que la IFR podría introducir confusión y el riesgo de un incumplimiento involuntario en ese proceso. Otro comentarista señaló que la norma haría que las familias de inmigrantes se retrajeran de la vida cotidiana por temor a ser criminalizadas, lo cual generaría impactos negativos en las comunidades locales, las economías y la seguridad pública.
A commenter wrote that some immigrant families are already in the midst of pursuing lawful immigration relief and that the IFR could introduce confusion and risk of unintentional noncompliance into that process. Another commenter stated the rule would cause immigrant families to withdraw from everyday life for fear of criminalization, leading to negative impacts on local communities, economies, and public safety.
Numerosos comentaristas manifestaron que el trauma del miedo a la deportación y la separación familiar resultante de la Norma Provisional Final (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) y del registro provoca daños emocionales, de desarrollo, de salud (incluyendo enfermedades cardíacas, diabetes, abuso de sustancias y depresión) y educativos a largo plazo en los niños. Otro comentarista escribió que la IFR afectaría a familias trabajadoras, contribuyentes e individuos que hablan y escriben en inglés, y perjudicaría la salud mental de los niños extranjeros, llevando a algunos a considerar quitarse la vida. Otro comentarista escribió que la administración está utilizando a los inmigrantes, sin importar su estatus, y a los niños cuyos padres llegaron a los Estados Unidos "indocumentados", como "peones" en una "lucha de poder". Otro comentarista manifestó que la IFR haría que los niños víctimas de trata de personas y abuso tuvieran menos probabilidades de presentarse y denunciar sus experiencias ante las autoridades policiales.
Numerous commenters stated that the trauma of fear of deportation and family separation resulting from the IFR and from registration leads to long-term emotional, developmental, health (including heart disease, diabetes, substance abuse, and depression), and educational harm for children. Another commenter wrote that the IFR would impact hardworking families, taxpayers, and individuals who speak and write in English, and would harm the mental health of alien children, leading some to consider taking their own lives. Another commenter wrote that the administration is using immigrants, regardless of status, and children whose parents arrived to the United States “undocumented,” as “pawns” in a “power struggle.” Another commenter stated that IFR would make children who are victims of trafficking and abuse less likely to come forward and report their experiences to law enforcement.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) tiene la obligación de ejecutar fielmente las leyes establecidas por el Congreso, incluidas las disposiciones relacionadas con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros. Véase la secc. 103(a) del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a).
Response: DHS has an obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including provisions related to the alien registration requirements. See INA sec. 103(a), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a).
El presidente Trump ordenó al DHS tomar todas las medidas apropiadas para garantizar que los extranjeros previamente no registrados en los Estados Unidos cumplan con el deber legal de registrarse ante el gobierno. El DHS identificó una brecha en el régimen reglamentario y estableció una nueva opción de registro general para mejorar los resultados de registro de ciertos grupos de extranjeros. La IFR y esta norma se limitan, en cuanto a su alcance, a establecer el nuevo formulario de registro y la evidencia de registro para extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. Esta normativa no ha creado estos requisitos ni ha modificado los deberes establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros.
President Trump directed DHS to take all appropriate steps to ensure that previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with the statutory duty to register with the government. DHS identified a gap in the regulatory regime and established a new general registration option to improve registration outcomes of certain groups of aliens. The IFR and this rule are limited in scope to establishing the new registration form and evidence of registration for unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. This rulemaking has not created these requirements or modified the duties established by Congress for aliens.
El DHS observa que el estatuto exige, con excepciones limitadas, que todos los extranjeros de 14 años o más que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y tomarse las huellas dactilares antes de que venzan los 30 días. De manera similar, los padres y tutores legales de extranjeros menores de 14 años deben asegurarse de que dichos extranjeros estén registrados. Dentro de los 30 días posteriores a que un extranjero cumpla 14 años, todo extranjero previamente registrado debe solicitar el reregistro y tomarse las huellas dactilares.
DHS notes that the statute requires, with limited exceptions, all aliens 14 years or older who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of 30 days. Similarly, parents and legal guardians of aliens below the age of 14 must ensure that those aliens are registered. Within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered alien must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted.
Antes de la IFR, las regulaciones vigentes desde hace tiempo ya establecían que, dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir 14 años, todo extranjero en los Estados Unidos que no esté exento del requisito de registro de extranjeros debe solicitar el reregistro y tomarse las huellas dactilares, a menos que se exima la toma de huellas dactilares. La IFR y esta norma no modifican esos procedimientos, sino que subsanan una brecha en el reglamento al agregar una opción general disponible para los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus, a fin de mejorar los resultados de registro para ciertos grupos de extranjeros. Además, muchos extranjeros en los Estados Unidos ya se han registrado, según lo exige la ley. Un extranjero al que se le haya expedido una visa de inmigrante o no inmigrante y que, en su llegada más reciente, haya sido admitido a los Estados Unidos utilizando esa visa, está registrado. Véase la secc. 221(b) del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201(b). Esto incluye a los extranjeros admitidos (página impresa 39260) como estudiantes no inmigrantes y visitantes de intercambio. Ibídem.
Before the IFR, longstanding regulations already provided that within 30 days after reaching the age of 14, any alien in the United States who is not exempt from the alien registration requirement must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted, unless fingerprinting is waived. The IFR and this rule do not change those procedures but fill a gap in the regulation by adding a general option available to unregistered alien, regardless of status to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens. Also, many aliens in the United States have already registered, as required by law. An alien who was issued an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa and at his or her most recent arrival was admitted into the United States using that visa is registered. See INA sec. 221(b), 8 U.S.C. 1201(b). This includes aliens admitted ( printed page 39260) as nonimmigrant students and exchange visitors. Id.
Por estas razones y las razones expuestas en respuestas anteriores, el DHS no considera que la IFR o esta norma, particularmente cuando se analizan por separado de los requisitos de registro de extranjeros del INA, genere una carga para las familias y los niños ni que de otro modo conlleve un impacto negativo en las familias, las comunidades locales y la seguridad pública.
For these reasons and the reasons articulated in previous responses, DHS does not believe that the IFR or this rule, particularly when viewed separate and apart from the alien registration requirements of the INA, creates a burden for families and children or otherwise leads to a negative impact on families, local communities and public safety.
Comentario: Numerosos comentaristas expresaron su oposición a la aplicación de la IFR a menores y niños. Varios comentaristas instaron al DHS a revocar o abandonar la IFR debido a los posibles impactos en los menores sujetos a los requisitos de registro.
Comment: Numerous commenters expressed opposition to the IFR's application to minors and children. Several commenters urged DHS to rescind or abandon the IFR on the basis of potential impacts to minors subject to the registration requirements.
Un comentarista manifestó que muchos niños afectados por la IFR han experimentado trauma, como amenazas de daño o muerte, abuso o negligencia, y que los desafíos relacionados con el trauma pueden perjudicar aún más su capacidad para cumplir con los numerosos y complejos requisitos de la IFR.
A commenter stated that many children affected by the IFR have experienced trauma, such as threats of harm or death, abuse, or neglect, and that trauma-related challenges can further impair their ability to comply with the numerous and complex requirements of the IFR.
Un comentarista escribió que los jóvenes a menudo sienten especial temor ante procedimientos como la toma de huellas dactilares debido a traumas que experimentaron en sus países de origen. El comentarista dijo que si están navegando el sistema legal de inmigración con asesoría legal y apoyo especialmente capacitados, pueden superar tales temores como parte del proceso de ser examinados para determinar su estatus legal en los Estados Unidos, pero agregó que muchos de estos niños están a punto de perder representación legal debido a recortes de financiamiento y, por lo tanto, no pueden navegar exitosamente el proceso legal ya que carecerán de la ayuda para comprender el propósito y la seguridad relativa de dichos procedimientos. Un comentarista escribió que la información requerida para el registro puede no estar disponible o ser incomprensible para los niños, incluidos los menores no acompañados y especialmente aquellos bajo custodia del Gobierno Federal. El comentarista dijo que especialmente para los niños que han enfrentado traumas significativos, las mejores prácticas indican que se les debe brindar consideración especial y atención informada sobre el trauma, no la expectativa de cumplir con los mismos requisitos que los adultos para procesos que potencialmente implican responsabilidad penal.
A commenter wrote that young people are often particularly fearful of procedures such as fingerprinting due to trauma they experienced in their home countries. The commenter said that if they are navigating the immigration legal system with specially trained legal advice and support, they are able to overcome such fears as part of the process of being scrutinized for lawful status in the United States but added that many of these children are set to lose representation due to funding cuts and thus are not able to successfully navigate the legal process as they will lack the help to understand the purpose and relative safety of such procedures. A commenter wrote that the information required for registration may be either unavailable or incomprehensible to children, including unaccompanied children and especially those in Federal Government custody. The commenter said that especially for children who have faced significant trauma, best practice indicates that they be provided special consideration and trauma-informed care, not an expectation to comply with the same requirements as adults for processes that potentially implicate criminal liability.
Al expresar inquietudes sobre el requisito de la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) de que los niños entre 14 y 18 años se sometan a registro, toma de huellas dactilares y verificaciones de antecedentes, un comentarista declaró que los requisitos invasivos de este registro no tomaban en cuenta la evolución en la comprensión de las vulnerabilidades de la niñez desde que se redactó la ley subyacente. El comentarista señaló el aumento de la explotación de migrantes vulnerables, particularmente menores, bajo un requisito de registro universal, debido a defraudadores y estafadores, incluidos aquellos que se hacen pasar por agentes federales. El comentarista instó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) a reconsiderar los requisitos de registro para preservar las protecciones de derechos civiles y seguridad pública para los menores. De manera similar, un comentarista expresó preocupación por los niños entre 12 y 18 años que podrían no tener una licencia y ser señalados por su color de piel o falta de dominio del idioma inglés, y por ello el comentarista se opuso al requisito de portar una identificación o tarjeta de registro.
Expressing concerns about the IFR's requirement for children between the ages of 14 and 18 to submit to registration, fingerprinting, and background checks, a commenter stated that these registration's invasive requirements failed to account for evolving understanding of childhood vulnerabilities since the underlying law was written. The commenter noted the increased exploitation of vulnerable migrants, particularly minors, under a universal registration requirement, because on account of fraudsters and scammers, including those impersonating Federal agents. The commenter urged DHS to reconsider registration requirements to preserve civil rights and public safety protections for minors. Similarly, a commenter expressed concern for children between the ages of 12 and 18 who may not have a license being targeted for their skin color or lack of English language skills, and the commenter therefore opposed the requirement to carry ID or registration cards.
De manera similar, los comentaristas expresaron preocupación sobre el impacto de los requisitos de registro en los niños y jóvenes. Un comentarista declaró que las sanciones penales contempladas también se extienden a los niños entre 14 y 18 años, lo que los coloca en un riesgo particular de discriminación por perfiles y criminalización, señalando que un estatuto de la era de 1940 no toma en cuenta las décadas de mejoras que se han hecho con respecto al enjuiciamiento penal de menores.
Similarly, commenters expressed concern about the impact of the registration requirements on children and youth. A commenter stated that the criminal penalties contemplated also extend to children between the ages of 14-18, placing them at particular risk of profiling and criminalization, noting that a 1940-era statute does not account for the decades of improvement that have been made regarding the criminal prosecution of juveniles.
Otros comentaristas declararon que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) no hace excepciones para las consecuencias severas de no registrarse, tratando a los jóvenes de la misma manera que a los adultos. Un comentarista declaró que con el regreso de la detención familiar, los jóvenes podrían potencialmente ser retenidos con sus padres o solos, enfrentando una posible deportación a países donde su seguridad y bienestar podrían verse comprometidos. El comentarista citó la postura de la Academia Americana de Pediatría de que "ninguna cantidad de tiempo en detención es segura para un niño" y hizo referencia a un informe de un comité asesor del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) que concluyó que "la detención generalmente no es apropiada ni necesaria para las familias" y que "nunca es lo mejor para los niños".
Other commenters stated that the IFR makes no exceptions for the severe consequences of not registering, treating youth the same as adults. One commenter stated that with the return of family detention, youth could potentially be held with their parents or alone, facing possible deportation to countries where their safety and well-being may be compromised. The commenter cited the American Academy of Pediatrics' position that “no amount of time in detention is safe for a child” and referenced a DHS advisory committee report concluding that “detention is generally neither appropriate nor necessary for families” and is “never in the best interest of children.”
Otro comentarista declaró que si los patrocinadores y familiares de los niños son enjuiciados penalmente por no registrarse o por no tener consigo prueba de registro, los niños permanecerían detenidos aún más tiempo esperando la reunificación y liberación, y muchos quedarían sin nadie que los albergue y cuide.
Another commenter stated that if children's sponsors and family members are criminally prosecuted for failing to register or not having proof of registration on their person, children would remain detained even longer awaiting reunification and release, and many would be left without anyone to house and care for them.
Otro comentarista expresó preocupación de que el requisito de la norma de portar documentación de registro podría utilizarse como pretexto para acciones de cumplimiento de la ley contra niños y familias. El comentarista afirmó que esto podría dar lugar a la elaboración de perfiles raciales de personas que puedan parecer “extranjeras” a los funcionarios encargados de hacer cumplir la ley, una práctica que el comentarista describió como perjudicial de manera desproporcionada para los jóvenes “negros y morenos” y sus familias, independientemente de su ciudadanía o condición migratoria. El comentarista dijo que el incumplimiento del registro o de portar documentación esencialmente criminaliza a los jóvenes por defecto y genera desconfianza adicional hacia las autoridades encargadas de hacer cumplir la ley, lo que hace menos probable que los jóvenes y las familias denuncien delitos o busquen asistencia de dichas autoridades. El comentarista sugirió que esto podría afectar particularmente a los jóvenes no acompañados, quienes enfrentan un mayor riesgo de explotación laboral infantil y otros tipos de abuso, ya que podrían mostrarse más reacios a buscar ayuda. Otro comentarista afirmó que la norma provisional final (IFR) perjudicaría a los niños sometidos a la elaboración de perfiles con base en el color de piel o el origen nacional percibido, así como a los niños que son víctimas de trata de personas u otros delitos.
Another commenter expressed concern that the rule's requirement to carry registration documentation could be used as a pretext for law enforcement actions against children and families. The commenter stated this could lead to racial profiling of people who may appear “foreign” to law enforcement officials, a practice the commenter described as disproportionately harming “Black and Brown” youth and their families, regardless of citizenship or immigration status. The commenter said that failure to register or carry documentation essentially criminalizes youth by default and creates additional distrust of law enforcement, making it less likely that young people and families report crimes or seek assistance from law enforcement. The commenter suggested this could particularly impact unaccompanied youth who are at higher risk for child labor exploitation and other types of abuse, as they may be more reluctant to seek help. Another commenter stated that the IFR would harm children subjected to profiling based on skin color or perceived nation of origin, and children who are victims of trafficking or other crimes.
Respuesta: El estatuto exige, con excepciones limitadas, que todos los extranjeros de 14 años o más que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares antes de que venzan los 30 días. De igual manera, los padres y tutores legales de extranjeros menores de 14 años deben asegurarse de que dichos extranjeros sean registrados. Dentro de los 30 días posteriores a que un extranjero cumpla 14 años, todos los extranjeros previamente registrados deben solicitar su nuevo registro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares. El estatuto además exige que los extranjeros de 18 años o más que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos y que estén obligados a registrarse deben en todo momento portar consigo y tener en su posesión personal cualquier certificado de registro de extranjero o tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero que les haya sido emitida. El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS), mediante la norma provisional final (IFR) y la norma final, no ha creado estos requisitos ni modificado las obligaciones establecidas por el Congreso para los extranjeros.
Response: The statute requires, with limited exceptions, all aliens 14 years or older who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of 30 days. Similarly, parents and legal guardians of aliens below the age of 14 must ensure that those aliens are registered. Within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted. The statute further requires aliens 18 years or older in the United States who are required to register must at all times carry with them and have in their personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to them. DHS, with the IFR and final rule, has not created these requirements or modified the duties established by Congress for aliens.
Las normas vigentes desde hace mucho tiempo, antes de esta norma provisional final (IFR), ya establecían que, dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir 14 años, todo extranjero en los Estados Unidos que no esté exento del requisito de registro de extranjeros debe solicitar su nuevo registro y ser tomado sus huellas dactilares, a menos que se exima de la toma de huellas. La norma provisional final (IFR) y la norma final no modifican dichos procedimientos, sino que llenan un vacío en el régimen reglamentario al establecer una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su condición, junto con la evidencia correspondiente como prueba de dicho registro.
Longstanding regulations before this IFR already provided that, within 30 days after reaching the age of 14, any alien in the United States who is not exempt from the alien registration requirement must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted, unless fingerprinting is waived. The IFR and final rule do not change those procedures but fill a gap in the regulatory regime by prescribing a general registration option available to all aliens regardless of their status and corresponding evidence as proof of that registration.
Los comentarios relativos a la aplicación de las disposiciones penales quedan fuera del alcance de este proceso de elaboración de normas. Este proceso de elaboración de normas no establece políticas o prioridades de cumplimiento civil migratorio o penal. Los niños menores de 14 años no enfrentan sanciones penales por el incumplimiento o la negativa deliberada a registrarse. Véase la sección 266(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
The comments regarding the enforcement of the criminal provisions are out of scope of this rulemaking. This rulemaking does not set civil immigration or criminal enforcement policies or priorities. Children under 14 years of age face no criminal penalties for a willful failure or refusal to register. See INA sec. 266(a), 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Comentario: Los comentarios indicaron que la norma provisional final (IFR) también perjudicaría de manera desproporcionada a los niños con discapacidades, a los jóvenes con ciertas discapacidades de salud mental, de desarrollo o cognitivas, y a aquellos con (página impresa 39261) dominio limitado del inglés, y agregaron que los jóvenes con ciertas discapacidades de salud mental, de desarrollo o cognitivas podrían enfrentar dificultades para comprender que el requisito de registro se aplica a ellos, para completar los requisitos, o para entender que necesitan portar consigo en todo momento la prueba de registro. Otro comentarista señaló que los jóvenes que no pueden hablar ni leer inglés también podrían enfrentar dificultades considerables, especialmente dado que los jóvenes no acompañados provienen de todo el mundo, muchos de los cuales hablan lenguas indígenas y otros idiomas poco comunes, y con frecuencia carecen de acceso a asistencia de interpretación. Otro comentario afirmó que, al enfrentarse a interacciones con las autoridades encargadas de hacer cumplir la ley, los jóvenes con ciertas discapacidades de salud mental, de desarrollo o cognitivas corren un mayor riesgo de sufrir resultados adversos, tales como arresto, detención o incluso daño físico.
Comment: Comments said that the IFR would also disproportionately harm children with disabilities, youth with certain mental health, developmental or cognitive disabilities, and those with ( printed page 39261) limited English proficiency, adding that youth with certain mental health, developmental or cognitive disabilities may face challenges in being able to comprehend that the registration requirement applies to them, complete the requirements, or understand that they need to carry proof of registration with them at all times. Another commenter said that youth who are unable to speak or read English may also face significant challenges, especially since unaccompanied youth come from all around the globe, many of whom speak indigenous languages and other uncommon languages and often lack access to interpretation assistance. Another comment stated that faced with law enforcement interactions, youth with certain mental health, developmental, or cognitive disabilities are at higher risk of worse outcomes, such as arrest, detention, or even physical harm.
Los comentaristas también señalaron que los niños con acceso limitado a la tecnología, o que de otro modo necesiten apoyo para cumplir con el requisito, podrían buscar orientación de maestros y otro personal escolar, lo que añadiría cargas adicionales al sistema educativo.
Commenters also stated that children with limited technology access or who otherwise need support to comply with the requirement may seek guidance from teachers and other school personnel, adding burdens to the education system.
Otro comentarista señaló que el requisito de registro perjudicaría a los menores en situaciones de convivencia en las que podrían no tener acceso a sus documentos de inmigración o no haber tenido la oportunidad de hablar con un abogado. El comentarista agregó que los menores pueden no tener un adulto que entienda inglés, y mucho menos la naturaleza compleja del formulario requerido para el registro.
Another commenter said that the registration requirement would prejudice children in living situations where they may not have access to their immigration paperwork or have not had the opportunity to speak to a lawyer. The commenter added that children may not have an adult who understands English, let alone the complex nature of the form required for registration.
Respuesta: El estatuto establece que, con excepciones limitadas, todos los extranjeros de 14 años o más que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares antes de que expiren los 30 días. Véase INA sec. 262, 8 U.S.C. 1302. De manera similar, los padres y tutores legales de los extranjeros menores de 14 años deben asegurarse de que esos extranjeros estén registrados. Dentro de los 30 días posteriores a que un extranjero cumpla 14 años, todos los extranjeros previamente registrados deben solicitar el reregistro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares. Véase INA sec. 262(b), 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS), mediante la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) y esta norma final, no ha modificado los requisitos establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros. La IFR y esta norma tienen un alcance limitado, y designan un nuevo formulario de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan con los requisitos estatutarios de registro y toma de huellas dactilares.
Response: The statute provides that, with limited exceptions, all aliens 14 years or older who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of 30 days. See INA sec. 262, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Similarly, parents and legal guardians of aliens below the age of 14 must ensure that those aliens are registered. Within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted. See INA sec. 262(b), 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not changed the requirements established by Congress for aliens. The IFR and this rule are limited in scope, designating a new registration form for aliens to comply with the statutory registration and fingerprinting requirements.
El DHS reconoce los desafíos que pueden enfrentar los menores, en particular los menores con discapacidades, dificultades de salud mental, dominio limitado del inglés, o debido a su situación socioeconómica. Estas dificultades se aplican generalmente a cualquier obligación impuesta por la ley codificada por el Congreso, y el requisito de registro de extranjeros de larga data no se distingue en este sentido. Para abordar las inquietudes sobre discapacidad y problemas de acceso, el DHS proporciona diversas adaptaciones, de conformidad con las leyes vigentes. Los sistemas electrónicos y de tecnología de la información (TI) del DHS y de los Servicios de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS) cumplen y, en algunos aspectos, pueden superar el requisito de la sección 508 de la Ley de Rehabilitación (29 U.S.C. 794d) y la orientación relacionada. El DHS y USCIS están comprometidos a hacer que la información pública y los datos sean accesibles y utilizables por personas con discapacidades de una manera comparable con las personas que no tienen discapacidades. USCIS proporciona adaptaciones conformes con la sección 504 de la Ley de Rehabilitación.[17]
DHS acknowledges the challenges that children may encounter, in particular children with disabilities, mental health difficulties, limited English proficiency, or based on socio-economic situation. These difficulties apply generally to any statutorily imposed obligations codified by Congress, and the longstanding alien registration requirement does not distinguish itself in this manner. To address concerns about disability and access issues, DHS provides various accommodations, in accordance with current laws. DHS and USCIS electronic and information technology (IT) systems meet and in some respects may exceed the requirement of section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 794d) and related guidance. DHS and USCIS are committed to making the public information and data accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities in a manner that is comparable with individuals who do not have disabilities. USCIS provides accommodations consistent with section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.[17]
USCIS también estableció un sitio web dedicado con información sobre el Requisito de Registro de Extranjeros (ARR, por sus siglas en inglés) y una Herramienta ARR que ayuda a los extranjeros a determinar si deben registrarse.[18] La herramienta plantea una serie de preguntas a los extranjeros y, según las respuestas del extranjero, puede ayudarle a determinar si debe registrarse.
USCIS also established a dedicated website with information on the Alien Registration Requirement (ARR) and an ARR Tool that help aliens determine if they must register.[18] The tool poses a series of questions to aliens and based on an alien's responses, may help an alien determine if they must register.
Comentario: Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que la IFR crea una carga financiera para los menores no acompañados que, por lo general, carecen de fuentes de ingresos independientes. El comentarista afirmó que los menores podrían sentirse obligados a trabajar para cumplir con la IFR, aunque muchos no pueden hacerlo debido a la falta de autorización de empleo o a la asistencia escolar. El comentarista identificó varios costos que recaerían sobre los menores, incluyendo las tarifas de solicitud, el acceso a la tecnología, el transporte a las citas biométricas, los costos de documentos, las tarifas de toma de huellas dactilares, los servicios de interpretación y los gastos de consulta legal. El comentarista concluyó que estas barreras financieras impedirían que muchos menores cumplieran con los requisitos, lo que potencialmente los expondría a responsabilidad penal.
Comment: A commenter expressed concern that the IFR creates a financial burden on unaccompanied children who typically lack independent income sources. The commenter stated that children might feel compelled to work to comply with the IFR, though many cannot, due to lack of work authorization or school attendance. The commenter identified several costs that would burden children, including application fees, technology access, transportation to biometrics appointments, document costs, fingerprinting fees, interpretation services, and legal consultation expenses. The commenter concluded that these financial barriers would prevent many children from complying with the requirements, potentially subjecting them to criminal liability.
Respuesta: El estatuto exige, con excepciones limitadas, que todos los extranjeros de 14 años o más que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares antes de que expiren los 30 días. De manera similar, los padres y tutores legales de los extranjeros menores de 14 años deben asegurarse de que esos extranjeros estén registrados. Dentro de los 30 días posteriores a que un extranjero cumpla 14 años, todos los extranjeros previamente registrados deben solicitar el reregistro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares.
Response: The statute requires, with limited exceptions, that all aliens 14 years or older who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of 30 days. Similarly, parents and legal guardians of aliens below the age of 14 must ensure that those aliens are registered. Within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted.
El DHS, mediante la IFR y la norma final, no ha modificado los deberes establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros. Antes de la IFR, los reglamentos ya establecían que, dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir los 14 años, todo extranjero en los Estados Unidos que no esté exento del requisito de registro de extranjeros debe solicitar el reregistro y ser tomado sus huellas dactilares, a menos que se exima de la toma de huellas dactilares. La IFR y la norma final no modifican esos procedimientos, sino que llenan un vacío en el reglamento al agregar una opción para que los extranjeros cumplan con los requisitos estatutarios de registro existentes. El DHS señala que algunos menores extranjeros no acompañados ya estarán registrados en virtud de haber sido puestos en procedimientos de expulsión mediante el Formulario I-862, Notificación de Comparecencia.
DHS, with the IFR and final rule, has not modified the duties established by Congress for aliens. Before the IFR, regulations already provided that within 30 days after reaching the age of 14, any alien in the United States who is not exempt from the alien registration requirement must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted, unless fingerprinting is waived. The IFR and final rule do not change those procedures but fills a gap in the regulation by adding an option for aliens to comply with the existing statutory registration requirements. DHS notes that some unaccompanied alien children will already be registered by virtue of having been placed in removal proceedings via the Form I-862, Notice to Appear.
c. Personas con discapacidades
c. People With Disabilities
Comentario: Los comentaristas manifestaron que la Norma Provisional Final (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) perjudicaría de manera desproporcionada a las personas con discapacidades. Asimismo, los comentaristas manifestaron que las personas con discapacidades mentales, de desarrollo o relacionadas con la salud podrían no estar en condiciones de portar de manera confiable la documentación descrita en la IFR. El comentarista escribió que, sin la asistencia disponible de familiares u otras personas, estas personas enfrentarían un mayor riesgo de acciones de las fuerzas del orden, encarcelamiento y expulsión de los Estados Unidos sin un debido proceso significativo.
Comment: Commenters stated that the IFR would disproportionately harm people with disabilities. Similarly, commenters stated that individuals with mental, developmental, or health-related disabilities may be unable to reliably carry documentation as described in the IFR. The commenter wrote that without available assistance from family members or others, these individuals would face increased risk of law enforcement actions, incarceration, and removal from the United States without meaningful due process.
De manera similar, los comentaristas manifestaron que la IFR disuadiría a los patrocinadores y familiares de brindar apoyo a los participantes del Programa de Demandados No Calificados que tengan discapacidades mentales. El comentarista señaló que los jueces de inmigración con frecuencia exigen que las personas con discapacidades mentales sean liberadas bajo el cuidado de familiares durante las audiencias de fianza, a fin de asegurar su participación en los procedimientos legales. Según el comentarista, la IFR desalentaría a los familiares de actuar como patrocinadores debido a la preocupación por las posibles consecuencias si el demandado no se registra. El comentarista indicó que esto prolongaría la detención de las personas con discapacidades mentales, quienes podrían perder su sistema de apoyo y no poder participar de manera significativa en los procedimientos de inmigración.
Similarly, commenters stated that the IFR would deter sponsors and family members from providing support for Non-Qualified Respondent Program participants with mental disabilities. The commenter noted that immigration judges often require individuals with mental disabilities to be released into family members' care during bond hearings, ensuring their participation in legal proceedings. According to the commenter, the IFR would discourage family members from acting as sponsors due to concerns about potential consequences if the respondent fails to register. The commenter said this would prolong detention of individuals with mental disabilities, who may lose their support system and be unable to meaningfully participate in immigration proceedings.
De manera similar, los comentaristas manifestaron que las personas con discapacidades no tendrían acceso significativo al proceso de registro por varias razones. Los comentaristas escribieron que las personas con ciertas discapacidades de salud mental, de desarrollo o cognitivas podrían no estar en condiciones de determinar si el requisito de registro se aplica a ellas. Los comentaristas manifestaron que, además, (página impresa 39262) el registro requiere acceso a internet, una computadora o teléfono inteligente, y una dirección de correo electrónico, lo cual puede resultar difícil o imposible para personas con diversas discapacidades, incluidas aquellas que son ciegas o tienen baja visión, aquellas con problemas de movilidad que afectan la destreza manual o la capacidad de usar tecnología, y aquellas con discapacidades intelectuales o cognitivas. Los comentaristas agregaron que el proceso de registro también requiere capacidad cognitiva para seguir un proceso de varios pasos a fin de crear una cuenta y registrarse en myUSCIS, incluido un proceso de autenticación de dos factores. Por último, un comentarista indicó que los solicitantes de registro deben tener la capacidad cognitiva para responder una larga lista de preguntas con instrucciones mínimas, o bien arriesgarse a sanciones civiles y penales.
Similarly, commenters stated that people with disabilities would not have meaningful access to the registration process for several reasons. The commenters wrote that people with certain mental health, developmental, or cognitive disabilities may be unable to determine if the registration requirement applies to them. The commenters stated that additionally, ( printed page 39262) registration requires access to the internet, a computer or smartphone, and an email address, which may be difficult or impossible for people with various disabilities, including those who are blind or have low vision, those with mobility issues affecting manual dexterity or ability to navigate technology, and those with intellectual or cognitive disabilities. Commenters added that the registration process also requires cognitive capacity to follow a multi-step process for creating an account and registering for myUSCIS, including a two-factor authentication process. Finally, a commenter said that registrants must have the cognitive capacity to answer a long list of questions with minimal instructions or risk civil and criminal penalties.
Un comentarista indicó que esperar que las personas con discapacidades cumplan con el requisito de registro impondría “una carga poco realista y significativa sobre ellas”, argumentando que los clientes con necesidades de salud que viven en la comunidad frecuentemente carecen de vivienda estable. Específicamente, el comentarista señaló que, a medida que estas personas pasan de una situación de vivienda transitoria a otra, los documentos con frecuencia se pierden y, a menudo, sus pertenencias son robadas.
A commenter said that expecting individuals with disabilities to comply with the registration requirement would place “an unrealistic and significant burden on them,” reasoning that clients with health needs living in the community are frequently without stable housing. Specifically, the commenter noted that as these individuals move from one transitional housing situation to another, papers are frequently lost, and, often, possessions are stolen.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés), con la IFR y esta norma final, no ha modificado los requisitos establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros. La IFR y esta norma tienen un alcance limitado, y designan un nuevo formulario de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan con los requisitos legales de registro y toma de huellas dactilares.
Response: DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not changed the requirements established by Congress for aliens. The IFR and this rule are limited in scope, designating a new registration form for aliens to comply with the statutory registration and fingerprinting requirements.
La mayoría de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos ya cumplían con el requisito de registro antes de la publicación de la IFR. Durante muchas décadas, estos extranjeros han satisfecho el requisito a través de diversas vías. Sin embargo, la IFR y esta norma final llenan un vacío en el régimen reglamentario al establecer una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus, junto con la evidencia correspondiente como prueba de dicho registro. El DHS considera que esta nueva opción puede mejorar los resultados de registro para determinados grupos de extranjeros.
Most aliens in the United States already complied with the registration requirement prior to the publication of the IFR. For many decades, these aliens have satisfied the requirement through a variety of pathways. However, the IFR and this final rule fills a gap in the regulatory regime by prescribing a general registration option available to all aliens regardless of their status and corresponding evidence as proof of that registration. DHS believes that this new option may improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens.
El DHS y el Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglés) están comprometidos con hacer que las tecnologías electrónicas y de la información sean accesibles para las personas con discapacidades. El sitio myUSCIS y su tecnología están diseñados para garantizar que las personas con discapacidades puedan acceder y utilizar la información y los datos de una manera comparable a la de las personas sin discapacidades.
DHS and USCIS are committed to making electronic and information technologies accessible to individuals with disabilities. The myUSCIS site and its technology are designed to ensure individuals with disabilities can access and use information and data in a way that is comparable to those without disabilities.
El Formulario G-325R cumple con la sección 508 de la Ley de Rehabilitación; además, el USCIS proporciona adaptaciones razonables de conformidad con la sección 504 de la Ley de Rehabilitación.[19] Como parte de dicha adaptación, alentamos a las personas a comunicarse con el Centro de Contacto de USCIS si requieren ayuda con el registro de extranjeros.
The Form G-325R complies with section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act; additionally, USCIS provides reasonable accommodations in accordance with section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.[19] As part of the accommodation, we encourage individuals to reach out to the USCIS Contact Center if they require help with alien registration.
DHS señala que esta reglamentación no ha modificado el requisito de que todos los extranjeros de 18 años o más que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos y que estén obligados a registrarse deben llevar consigo en todo momento y tener en su posesión personal cualquier certificado de registro de extranjero o tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero que se les haya emitido. Estos son requisitos legales conforme a la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e).
DHS notes that this rulemaking has not changed the requirement that all aliens 18 years or older in the United States who are required to register must at all times carry with them and have in their personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to them. These are statutory requirements under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e).
d. Víctimas de delitos y abuso
d. Victims of Crime and Abuse
Comentario: Los comentaristas afirmaron que la IFR socava y amenaza la seguridad de las víctimas de trata de personas y de violencia doméstica y sexual, y que la aplicación de la ley depende de la cooperación comunitaria para mantener la seguridad pública, lo cual se vuelve difícil cuando las víctimas de delitos tienen miedo de denunciar delitos o hablar con la policía. Un comentarista enfatizó que las mujeres inmigrantes, particularmente aquellas que son "indocumentadas", son extremadamente vulnerables a la violencia doméstica, la agresión sexual, la trata de personas y otros delitos violentos. El comentarista explicó que estas víctimas enfrentan barreras significativas para buscar seguridad porque los perpetradores, a menudo ciudadanos estadounidenses, explotan el estatus migratorio de las víctimas para controlarlas y amenazan con una violencia escalada si buscan ayuda. El comentarista razonó que los requisitos de registro ampliados en la IFR crean un clima innecesario de miedo en las comunidades inmigrantes que socava la seguridad pública, ya que las víctimas de delitos evitarían contactar a la policía por temor a sanciones, detención o deportación. El comentarista afirmó que la IFR efectivamente deja sin sentido las protecciones legales actuales de la Ley de Violencia contra la Mujer (VAWA, por sus siglas en inglés) para las víctimas inmigrantes de trata de personas y de violencia doméstica/sexual. El comentarista escribió que la IFR pone a las víctimas inmigrantes con solicitudes pendientes de protección y a aquellas que ya están colaborando con las autoridades gubernamentales en riesgo inmediato de deportación o enjuiciamiento penal, eliminando los incentivos para que las víctimas inmigrantes de delitos violentos busquen ayuda. El comentarista señaló además que el nuevo proceso de registro crea una herramienta adicional para que las parejas abusivas dañen a las víctimas al establecer lo que describieron como una barrera imposible para la seguridad de los sobrevivientes inmigrantes.
Comment: Commenters stated that the IFR undermines and threatens the safety of victims of human trafficking and domestic and sexual violence, and law enforcement depends on community cooperation to maintain public safety, which becomes difficult when crime victims are afraid to report crimes or speak to police. A commenter emphasized that immigrant women, particularly those who are “undocumented,” are extremely vulnerable to domestic violence, sexual assault, human trafficking, and other violent crimes. The commenter explained that these victims face significant barriers to seeking safety because perpetrators, often U.S. citizens, exploit the victims' immigration status to control them and threaten escalated violence if they seek help. The commenter reasoned that the expanded registration requirements in the IFR create an unnecessary climate of fear in immigrant communities that undermines public safety, as crime victims would avoid contacting police due to fears of penalties, detention, or deportation. The commenter stated that the IFR effectively renders current Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) legal protections for immigrant victims of human trafficking and domestic/sexual violence meaningless. The commenter wrote that the IFR puts immigrant victims with pending applications for protection and those already working with government authorities at immediate risk for deportation or criminal prosecution, removing incentives for immigrant victims of violent crime to seek help. The commenter further noted that the new registration process creates an additional tool for abusive partners to harm victims by establishing what they described as an impossible barrier to safety for immigrant survivors.
Un comentarista afirmó que la IFR haría que las personas sean blanco de ICE antes de que hayan tenido la oportunidad de obtener asesoría legal confiable, incluidas personas que han sobrevivido a la trata de personas, y adolescentes y niños pequeños a quienes se les ha otorgado un estatus especializado debido a su victimización. El comentarista escribió que la IFR volvería a traumatizar a estos grupos al arrestarlos y obligarlos a mostrar documentación. Un comentarista dijo que la IFR introduce nuevos requisitos que disuadirían a los sobrevivientes de presentarse, aumentarían el riesgo de retraumatización, y facilitarían que los abusadores y perpetradores mantengan el control sobre sus víctimas. Un comentarista planteó preocupaciones específicas respecto al impacto en los sobrevivientes de abuso que han recibido o están solicitando protección humanitaria a través de las visas VAWA, T o U.
A commenter stated that the IFR would cause people to be targeted by ICE before they have had a chance to get trustworthy legal advice, including individuals who have survived human trafficking, and adolescents and young children who have been granted specialized status due to their victimization. The commenter wrote that the IFR would retraumatize these groups by arresting them and forcing them to show documentation. A commenter said that the IFR introduces new requirements that would deter survivors from coming forward, increase the risk of re-traumatization, and make it easier for abusers and perpetrators to maintain control over their victims. A commenter raised specific concerns regarding the impact on survivors of abuse who have received or are seeking humanitarian protection through VAWA, T, or U visas.
Un sindicato dijo que la IFR desalentará la denuncia de violaciones laborales graves y perjudicará a los "solicitantes" del estatus de no inmigrante U y T, en violación de la intención del Congreso expresada en la Ley de Protección a las Víctimas de la Trata y la Violencia (VTVPA, por sus siglas en inglés). El comentarista explicó, discutiendo diversas implicaciones de la IFR para los solicitantes de visas U y T que el comentarista dijo que DHS no consideró. El comentarista comentó sobre cargas de papeleo innecesarias e injustificadas, la falta de claridad respecto a las protecciones de privacidad, y la "mala política" establecida en la IFR que deshace el esquema de protección de víctimas y testigos establecido en la VTVPA, desencadenando consecuencias migratorias adversas, abusos "intolerables" contra trabajadores extranjeros individuales, y daños a todos los trabajadores estadounidenses.
A union said that the IFR will chill reporting of serious workplace violations and harm “applicants” for U and T nonimmigrant status, in violation of congressional intent of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (VTVPA). The commenter elaborated, discussing various implications of the IFR for U and T visa applicants that the commenter said DHS did not consider. The commenter remarked on unnecessary and unjustified paperwork burdens, a lack of clarity around privacy protections, and “bad policy” set forth in the IFR that undoes the victim and witness protection scheme set forth in the VTVPA, triggering adverse immigration consequences, “intolerable” abuses against individual alien workers, and harms to all U.S. workers.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por la falta de protecciones de privacidad y confidencialidad de la IFR asociadas con el requisito de registro. Según el comentarista, esta deficiencia podría permitir que los abusadores aprovechen los temores de los sobrevivientes para impedir su acceso al sistema migratorio. Varios comentaristas señalaron que los abusadores podrían manipular, controlar, coaccionar e intimidar a los sobrevivientes interfiriendo con el proceso de registro, impidiendo el acceso a la tecnología necesaria, obstruyendo las citas biométricas, o dificultando el acceso a la asistencia legal. El comentarista informó que su organización ha observado que los clientes luchan por determinar si necesitan registrarse y experimentan miedo y vacilación en torno al proceso de registro.
A commenter expressed concern about the IFR's lack of privacy and confidentiality protections associated with the registration requirement. According to the commenter, this deficiency could enable abusers to leverage survivors' fears to prevent their access to the immigration system. Multiple commenters remarked that abusers might manipulate, control, coerce, and intimidate survivors by interfering with the registration process, preventing access to necessary technology, obstructing biometrics appointments, or hindering access to legal assistance. The commenter reported that their organization has observed clients struggling to determine whether they need to register and experiencing fear and hesitancy around the registration process.
Algunos comentaristas describieron de manera similar las barreras existentes que enfrentan los sobrevivientes ( página impresa 39263) al presentar solicitudes de beneficios migratorios, tales como: el acceso al idioma; la extensión y complejidad de los formularios; la capacidad de reunir los documentos y pruebas necesarios para respaldar sus reclamos; y las barreras geográficas para acceder a las oficinas gubernamentales y a los servicios legales, comunitarios y financieros. Los comentaristas sugirieron que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) agravaría las barreras, el temor y la confusión que esta población ya enfrenta. Otro comentarista añadió que el amplio alcance y la falta de una delimitación clara sobre quién debe registrarse podría crear inadvertidamente oportunidades para que actores fraudulentos exploten a las poblaciones vulnerables. El comentarista señaló que, a pesar de las iniciativas en curso del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) para combatir las estafas relacionadas con los servicios migratorios, en ausencia de una orientación explícita, las personas podrían caer víctimas de estafas que prometen asistencia con el proceso de registro, lo que ocasionaría pérdidas financieras y mayor desinformación.
A few commenters similarly described the existing barriers survivors ( printed page 39263) experience while submitting requests for immigration benefits, such as: language access; the length and complexity of the forms; ability to gather the necessary documents and evidence to support their claims; and geographical barriers to accessing government offices and legal, community, and financial services. The commenters suggested that the IFR would exacerbate the barriers, fear, and confusion this population already faces. Another commenter added that the broad scope and lack of clear delineation regarding who must register may inadvertently create opportunities for fraudulent actors to exploit vulnerable populations. The commenter stated that despite DHS's ongoing initiatives to combat immigration services scams, in the absence of explicit guidance, individuals may fall prey to scams promising assistance with the registration process, leading to financial loss and further misinformation.
Varios comentaristas señalaron que los perpetradores de violencia doméstica o sexual podrían manipular el proceso de registro al registrar erróneamente a los sobrevivientes o interferir con la capacidad de un sobreviviente para completar el registro, incluida la asistencia a las citas biométricas, exponiéndolos así a la criminalización y a acciones de control migratorio. Otros comentaristas señalaron que los abusadores también podrían impedir que los sobrevivientes porten la prueba de registro, exponiéndolos a medidas de control migratorio conforme a la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). Un comentarista recomendó que cualquier proceso de registro brinde flexibilidad para que los sobrevivientes corrijan inconsistencias y que se considere cómo la victimización puede afectar el cumplimiento antes de llevar a cabo acciones de control migratorio con base en la sección 264(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Multiple commenters remarked that domestic or sexual violence perpetrators could manipulate the registration process by erroneously registering survivors or interfering with a survivor's ability to complete registration, including attending biometrics appointments, thus exposing them to criminalization and enforcement. Other commenters noted that abusers might also prevent survivors from carrying proof of registration, exposing them to enforcement under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). A commenter recommended that any registration process provide flexibility for survivors to correct inconsistencies and consider how victimization may impact compliance before conducting enforcement actions based on section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Un comentarista señaló que el abuso relacionado con la condición migratoria es una táctica común utilizada por los abusadores y perpetradores de delitos para mantener poder y control sobre las víctimas, citando la "Rueda de Poder y Control del Inmigrante" del Centro Nacional de Violencia Doméstica y Sexual (National Center for Domestic and Sexual Violence). El comentarista explicó que los sobrevivientes a menudo dependen de parejas o empleadores abusivos para su estatus migratorio, vivienda, transporte, ingresos y acceso a la tecnología, lo que crea dependencias que los abusadores mantienen intencionalmente para aislar y controlar a los sobrevivientes. El comentarista indicó que estas vulnerabilidades se ven agravadas en el entorno digital actual, citando investigaciones que indican que el 80 por ciento de las víctimas de acoso (stalking) reportan haber sido acosadas mediante el uso de tecnología, y más de un tercio fueron blanco de parejas íntimas actuales o anteriores. El comentarista manifestó que los teléfonos, las aplicaciones y las herramientas digitales se han convertido en armas para monitorear, acosar e interferir con los esfuerzos de los sobrevivientes por escapar o buscar ayuda. El comentarista razonó que los requisitos de registro de la IFR podrían ser manipulados por los abusadores, quienes podrían bloquear el acceso a internet, retener documentos necesarios, impedir que los sobrevivientes asistan a las citas biométricas, o engañar deliberadamente a los sobrevivientes respecto de los requisitos de cumplimiento, provocando que incurran en incumplimiento sin saberlo. El comentarista escribió que, sin salvaguardas específicas para los sobrevivientes, el proceso de registro podría convertirse en otra herramienta de coerción, colocando a los sobrevivientes en mayor riesgo de expulsión o daño. El comentarista recomendó que, si el DHS no rescinde la IFR, debería incluir disposiciones claras que permitan a los sobrevivientes corregir las inconsistencias generadas por el abusador, explicar retrasos o vacíos, y evitar sanciones por incumplimiento resultante del abuso. El comentarista enfatizó que ningún sobreviviente debería enfrentar consecuencias migratorias debido a la coerción, el miedo o la manipulación de alguien que ya le ha causado daño.
A commenter noted that immigration-related abuse is a common tactic used by abusers and perpetrators of crime to maintain power and control over victims, citing the National Center for Domestic and Sexual Violence's “Immigrant Power and Control Wheel.” The commenter explained that survivors often depend on abusive partners or employers for their immigration status, housing, transportation, income, and access to technology, creating dependencies that abusers intentionally maintain to isolate and control survivors. The commenter stated that these vulnerabilities are compounded in today's digital environment, citing research indicating that 80 percent of stalking victims report being stalked using technology, with over one-third targeted by current or former intimate partners. The commenter said that phones, apps, and digital tools have become weapons for monitoring, harassing, and interfering with survivors' efforts to escape or seek help. The commenter reasoned that the IFR's registration requirements could be manipulated by abusers who might block internet access, withhold necessary documents, prevent survivors from attending biometrics appointments, or deliberately mislead survivors about compliance requirements, causing them to unknowingly fall out of compliance. The commenter wrote that without survivor-specific safeguards, the registration process could become another tool of coercion, placing survivors at further risk of removal or harm. The commenter recommended that if DHS does not rescind the IFR, it should include clear provisions allowing survivors to correct abuser-generated inconsistencies, explain delays or gaps, and avoid penalties for noncompliance resulting from abuse. The commenter emphasized that no survivor should face immigration consequences because of coercion, fear, or manipulation by someone who has already caused them harm.
Un comentarista también manifestó que el requisito de portar la prueba de registro en todo momento perjudicaría de manera desproporcionada a los sobrevivientes de violencia que puedan estar huyendo del abuso o cuyos abusadores controlan su documentación como medio para mantener poder y control. El comentarista instó al DHS a considerar factores tales como emergencias, victimización y condiciones de salud en sus acciones de control migratorio relacionadas con 8 U.S.C. 1304(e).
A commenter also stated that the requirement to possess proof of registration at all times would disproportionately harm survivors of violence who may be fleeing abuse or whose abusers control their documentation as a means of maintaining power and control. The commenter urged DHS to consider factors such as emergencies, victimization, and health conditions in its enforcement actions related to 8 U.S.C. 1304(e).
Respuesta: El DHS señala que la IFR y esta norma no han modificado los requisitos de registro establecidos por el Congreso. Esta reglamentación establece una opción de registro general disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, con el fin de mejorar los resultados de registro para determinados grupos de extranjeros.
Response: DHS notes the IFR and this rule have not changed the registration requirements established by Congress. This rulemaking establishes a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens.
La INA requiere que, con excepciones limitadas, la mayoría de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos por 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares. Antes de la Norma Provisional Final (IFR), la mayoría de los extranjeros ya cumplían con los requisitos de registro; sin embargo, la IFR y esta norma final llenan un vacío en el régimen regulatorio al prescribir un formulario de registro para los extranjeros no registrados.
The INA requires that, with limited exceptions, most aliens in the United States who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and fingerprinting. Prior to the IFR, most aliens already complied with the registration requirements, however, the IFR and this final rule fill a gap in the regulatory regime by prescribing a registration form for unregistered aliens.
La IFR y esta norma final no han modificado ningún procedimiento o proceso actual relacionado con los extranjeros que son elegibles para, y receptores de, alivio migratorio basado en la condición de víctima (específicamente, los autopeticionarios de la VAWA, así como los solicitantes y peticionarios de, y receptores de, el estatus de no inmigrante T y U). Asimismo, la IFR y esta norma final no han modificado los procedimientos o prácticas de las agencias del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) para proteger contra la divulgación no autorizada de información de identificación personal que recopila, utiliza o mantiene.
The IFR and this final rule have not changed any current procedures or processes related to aliens who are eligible for and recipients of victim-based immigration relief (specifically, VAWA self-petitioners as well as applicants and petitioners for, and recipients of, T and U nonimmigrant status). Also, the IFR and this final rule have not changed the procedures or practices of DHS agencies to protect against the unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information that it collects, uses, or maintains.
El DHS señala que, si un extranjero registrado no tiene en su posesión inmediata su evidencia de registro, las agencias del DHS tienen acceso a las bases de datos del DHS para confirmar si un extranjero cumple con el requisito de registro.
DHS notes that if a registered alien does not have immediate possession of his or her evidence of registration, DHS agencies have access to DHS databases to confirm whether an alien satisfies the registration requirement.
El DHS reconoce que los procesos migratorios pueden ser complejos y que los solicitantes, incluidos los registrantes, pueden seguir estando en riesgo de convertirse en víctimas de estafas o fraudes. El DHS alienta a los solicitantes a utilizar la información del sitio web de USCIS para evitar convertirse en víctimas de estafas comunes, fraude y mala conducta.[20]
DHS recognizes that the immigration processes can be complex and that requestors, including registrants, may still be at risk of becoming victims of scams or fraud. DHS encourages requestors to use the information on the USCIS website to avoid becoming victims of common scams, fraud, and misconduct.[20]
e. Otras poblaciones
e. Other Populations
Comentario: Varios comentaristas señalaron que las personas con dominio limitado del inglés o con acceso limitado a la tecnología o barreras de acceso financiero estarían expuestas a consecuencias punitivas debido a la imposibilidad de presentar el Formulario G-325R de manera electrónica. Otro comentarista también señaló que la IFR no menciona su impacto en los "no ciudadanos" con dominio limitado del inglés u otras barreras lingüísticas, y observó que la IFR no contempla ninguna traducción de los formularios de registro o sus instrucciones.
Comment: Several commenters stated that individuals with limited English proficiency or limited access to technology or financial access barriers would be exposed to punitive ramifications due to inability to file the Form G-325R electronically. Another commenter also said that the IFR makes no mention of its impact on “noncitizens” with limited English proficiency or other language barriers, and noted that the IFR does not account for any translation of the registration forms or instructions.
Uno de los comentaristas expresó preocupación de que las personas con dominio limitado del inglés podrían registrarse inadvertidamente cuando no estuvieran obligadas a hacerlo, lo que potencialmente desencadenaría acciones de cumplimiento migratorio erróneas. Otros comentaristas señalaron que la norma no menciona su impacto en los "no ciudadanos" con dominio limitado del inglés u otras barreras lingüísticas, ni contempla ninguna traducción del Formulario G-325R o de la propia norma.
One of the commenters voiced concern that those with limited English proficiency might inadvertently register when not required to do so, potentially triggering erroneous immigration enforcement actions. Other commenters stated that the rule fails to mention its impact on “noncitizens” with limited English proficiency or other language barriers, nor does it account for any translation of Form G-325R or the rule itself.
Respuesta: El DHS señala que esta reglamentación no ha modificado el requisito de que todos los extranjeros de 18 años o más en los Estados Unidos que estén obligados a registrarse deben llevar consigo en todo momento y tener en su posesión personal cualquier certificado de registro de extranjero o tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero que se les haya expedido. Estos son requisitos legales conforme a la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). Además, esta reglamentación no impone (página impresa 39264) ninguna obligación nueva de registro o toma de huellas dactilares distinta de las obligaciones ya contenidas en la INA.
Response: DHS notes that this rulemaking has not changed the requirement that all aliens 18 years or older in the United States who are required to register must at all times carry with them and have in their personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to them. These are statutory requirements under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). In addition, this rulemaking does impose ( printed page 39264) any new registration or fingerprinting obligations separate from the obligations already contained in the INA.
El DHS reconoce que existen costos para los registrantes asociados con los requisitos legales de registro. Estos costos incluyen, entre otros, la carga de tiempo para presentar los datos biométricos y los costos de viaje para acudir a un Centro de Apoyo a Solicitudes (ASC). Como resultado de los comentarios recibidos, se incluye un desglose más detallado de los costos asociados con esta norma en la sección VI, la sección de Requisitos Estatutarios y Reglamentarios de este preámbulo.
DHS acknowledges there are costs to registrants associated with the statutory requirements to register. These costs include, but are not limited to, time burden to submit biometrics, and travel costs to go to an ASC. As a result of comments received, a more detailed breakdown of the costs associated with this rule is in section VI, the Statutory and Regulatory Requirements section of this preamble.
USCIS también estableció un sitio web dedicado con información sobre el ARR y una Herramienta ARR que puede ayudar a los extranjeros a determinar si deben registrarse.[21] El DHS también señala que el Formulario G-325R es un formulario digital al que se puede acceder fácilmente a través de un navegador de internet o del teléfono celular de una persona. Además, las bibliotecas públicas y otras instituciones privadas y públicas pueden proporcionar acceso a internet.
USCIS also established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.[21] DHS also notes Form G-325R is a digital form that can be easily accessed through an internet browser or a person's cell phone. Additionally, public libraries and other private and public institutions can provide access to the internet.
El DHS señala que los formularios migratorios de USCIS se ofrecen y deben presentarse en inglés.[22] USCIS también proporciona una copia en PDF del Formulario G-325R para que los extranjeros puedan acceder a él antes de completar el formulario.[23] Un extranjero también puede utilizar la asistencia de un intérprete para leer las instrucciones y preguntas del nuevo formulario de registro. Si el extranjero utiliza un intérprete, debe proporcionar la información de contacto de ese intérprete y cargar la certificación y firma del intérprete al solicitar el registro.
DHS notes that USCIS' immigration forms are offered and must be submitted in English.[22] USCIS also provides a PDF copy of Form G-325R for aliens to access before completing the form.[23] An alien may also use the assistance of an interpreter for reading the instructions and questions on the new registration form. If the alien uses an interpreter, he or she must provide the contact information of that interpreter and upload the interpreter's certification and signature when applying for registration.
3. Impacto en los servicios legales de los extranjeros
3. Impact on Aliens' Legal Services
Comentario: Los comentaristas señalaron que, como proveedores de servicios legales integrales para refugiados y personas desplazadas, la norma provisional final (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) afectaría negativamente a las comunidades de sus clientes, además de sobrecargar sus recursos, lo que obstaculizaría su misión de ampliar el acceso a la protección, la seguridad duradera y el debido proceso para los extranjeros y las personas desplazadas. Otro comentarista manifestó que la confusión generada por la IFR les obligaría a destinar más recursos a investigar cuáles de sus clientes necesitarían inscribirse. Un comentarista observó que su organización ha estado recibiendo numerosas consultas de miembros de la comunidad que preguntan si necesitan registrarse o no, lo que genera una presión sobre sus recursos que podría aprovecharse mejor para ayudar a las personas a solicitar alivio migratorio.
Comment: Commenters stated that as providers of comprehensive legal services to refugees and displaced persons, the IFR would adversely impact their client communities as well as stretch their resources, hindering their mission to expand access to protection, lasting safety, and due process for aliens and displaced persons. Another commenter stated that confusion surrounding the IFR would cause them to expend more resources to investigate which of their clients would require registration. A commenter remarked that their organization has been receiving numerous inquiries from community members asking whether they need to register or not, creating a strain on their resources that could be better utilized helping people to apply for immigration relief.
Un comentarista manifestó que tendrían que examinar a cada persona que atienden, lo que podría implicar cambios en los procesos de admisión, la evaluación de riesgos, el asesoramiento y la capacitación para determinar la aplicabilidad del registro a los clientes y a los miembros de su familia. El comentarista señaló que brindar un asesoramiento legal competente requeriría evaluar las implicaciones constitucionales de la IFR, lo que haría necesaria una revisión y supervisión especializadas en cada caso. El comentarista indicó que estos cambios exigirían horas adicionales de personal, desviando recursos que podrían destinarse a atender a más clientes. El comentarista anticipó que los clientes enfrentarían multas y sanciones penales que requerirían asesoramiento legal y una revisión de respuesta rápida. Además, el comentarista expresó preocupación por una posible tergiversación y abuso por parte de “notarios”, que podrían defraudar a personas que actuaran siguiendo un asesoramiento erróneo sobre el registro. El comentarista concluyó que esto reduciría significativamente su capacidad para prestar servicios y para procurar un alivio permanente para los inmigrantes y solicitantes de asilo a quienes normalmente atienden. Un comentarista señaló que, dado que los proveedores de servicios se encuentran desbordados en todo el país debido a los recortes de financiamiento y al aumento de la demanda de servicios, es poco probable que ellos y otras organizaciones sin fines de lucro tengan la capacidad de ayudar con el registro conforme a la norma, el cual es necesario para muchos extranjeros con dominio limitado del inglés, lo que plantea una serie de inquietudes relacionadas con la equidad.
A commenter said that they would need to screen every individual they encounter, potentially changing intake processes, risk assessment, advisal, and training to determine registration applicability for clients and their family members. The commenter noted that providing competent legal advice would require assessing the IFR's constitutional implications, necessitating expert review and supervision for each case. The commenter remarked that these changes would require additional staff hours, diverting resources from serving more clients. The commenter anticipated clients facing fines and criminal penalties that would require legal advice and rapid response review. Additionally, the commenter expressed concern about potential “notario” misrepresentation and abuse, which could defraud individuals acting under faulty registration advice. The commenter concluded this would significantly reduce their capacity to provide services and pursue permanent relief for immigrants and asylum seekers they would normally serve. A commenter said that since providers are overwhelmed across the country due to funding cuts and increased demand for services, it is unlikely that they and other nonprofit organizations would have capacity to assist with registration under the rule, which is needed for many aliens with limited English proficiency, raising a host of fairness concerns.
Un comentarista escribió de manera similar que la IFR impone una pesada carga administrativa, de tiempo y financiera a las organizaciones que atienden a los inmigrantes, ya que deben educar a los miembros de la comunidad y ayudarlos a sortear requisitos de cumplimiento complejos. El comentarista describió la determinación de la elegibilidad para el registro como “extremadamente demorada” y difícil para las personas que podrían carecer de los documentos necesarios. El comentarista contextualizó la IFR dentro de numerosos otros cambios en la política migratoria, citando la supuesta confusión generada por las medidas que revocan ciertas concesiones de libertad condicional (parole). El comentarista afirmó que resulta imposible brindar un aviso adecuado si la Administración modifica las determinaciones de estatus en tiempo real sin resolver las ambigüedades existentes, y concluyó que los requisitos de la IFR podrían cambiar sin la debida consideración de sus repercusiones sobre las comunidades de inmigrantes y las organizaciones que las apoyan.
A commenter similarly wrote that the IFR places heavy administrative, time, and financial burdens on organizations serving immigrants, as they must educate community members and help navigate complex compliance requirements. The commenter described determining registration eligibility as “extremely time-consuming” and difficult for individuals who may lack necessary records. The commenter contextualized the IFR within numerous other immigration policy changes, citing alleged confusion created by actions revoking certain grants of parole. The commenter stated that proper notice is impossible if the Administration changes status determinations in real time without resolving ambiguities, concluding that the IFR's requirements could change without due consideration of impacts on immigrant communities and supporting organizations.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por que la IFR sería onerosa y limitaría su capacidad para cumplir con su misión de servir a las comunidades de extranjeros en Nueva York. El comentarista manifestó que existe una confusión generalizada sobre la norma entre las comunidades de inmigrantes, señalando que personas con diversos estatus migratorios han planteado preguntas sobre la aplicabilidad de la norma a sus situaciones particulares. El comentarista indicó que la complejidad y la rápida implementación de la IFR han generado vulnerabilidad a la desinformación. Según el comentarista, abordar esta confusión requiere una consulta extensa, uno a uno, con sus miembros, lo cual excede la capacidad de su organización. El comentarista declaró que la experiencia de su equipo legal ha demostrado tanto la complejidad para determinar los requisitos de registro como las barreras significativas para comprender y cumplir con la norma. El comentarista explicó, por ejemplo, que determinar si un extranjero se ha registrado previamente requiere saber si el extranjero ha presentado el Formulario I-485 o el Formulario I-765 y conocer el resultado de dicha solicitud. El comentarista señaló además que los clientes podrían razonablemente estar confundidos sobre si se habían registrado si el cliente había presentado previamente documentación extensa ante USCIS que no califica como registro conforme a los reglamentos. El comentarista dijo que, para algunos extranjeros, la única manera de verificar su estatus de registro y obtener los documentos que ahora deben portar por ley sería mediante una solicitud bajo la Ley de Libertad de Información (Freedom of Information Act, FOIA), la cual es un proceso de múltiples etapas que puede tardar meses, consume el tiempo del personal de su organización y requiere mantener contacto continuo. Otros comentaristas también señalaron que la IFR daría lugar a un aumento de las solicitudes FOIA debido a la falta de claridad sobre quién está obligado a completar el nuevo proceso de registro, y que impondría cargas a los abogados de inmigración para presentar solicitudes FOIA.
A commenter voiced concern that the IFR would be burdensome and limit their ability to fulfill their mission of serving alien communities in New York. The commenter expressed that there is widespread confusion about the rule among immigrant communities, stating that individuals with various immigration statuses have raised questions about the rule's applicability to their particular situations. The commenter indicated that the complexity and rapid implementation of the IFR have created vulnerability to misinformation. According to the commenter, addressing this confusion requires extensive one-on-one consultation with their members, which exceeds their organization's capacity. The commenter stated that their legal team's experience has demonstrated both the complexity of determining registration requirements and the significant barriers to understanding and complying with the rule. The commenter explained, for instance, that determining whether an alien has previously registered requires knowing whether the alien has filed a Form I-485 or Form I-765 and knowing the outcome of such application. The commenter further noted that clients could reasonably be confused about whether they had registered if the client had previously submitted extensive documentation to USCIS that does not qualify as registration under the regulations. The commenter said that for some aliens, the only way to verify their registration status and obtain the documents they must now carry by law would be through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request—which is a multi-step process that can take months, consumes their organization's staff time, and requires maintaining contact. Other commenters also remarked that the IFR would lead to an increase in FOIA requests due to a lack of clarity about who is required to complete the new registration process and would place burdens on immigration attorneys to file FOIA requests.
Un comentarista declaró que la complejidad e inconsistencia de la IFR plantean desafíos importantes para su personal, que no puede asesorar con confianza a los miembros sobre los requisitos de registro en entornos grupales, como reuniones de comités y talleres que a menudo incluyen a decenas de asistentes. Según el comentarista, la naturaleza confusa del requisito de registro, sumada a su impacto casi universal, socava su modelo de brindar educación comunitaria y presentaciones sobre conozca sus derechos. El comentarista declaró (página impresa 39265) que, con decenas de miles de miembros, su equipo legal carece de la capacidad para brindar asesoría individual a todas las personas potencialmente afectadas. Un comentarista declaró que los requisitos poco claros de la norma y la falta de un despliegue coordinado o de educación pública por parte de USCIS imponen cargas tremendas a su organización y a sus miembros. El comentarista dijo que esto también crea un entorno propicio para el fraude.
A commenter stated that the IFR's complexity and inconsistency pose significant challenges to their staff, who cannot confidently advise members on registration requirements in group settings such as committee meetings and workshops that often include dozens of attendees. According to the commenter, the confusing nature of the registration requirement, coupled with its nearly universal impact, undermines their model of providing community education and know-your-rights presentations. The commenter stated ( printed page 39265) that with tens of thousands of members, their legal team lacks the capacity to provide individual advice to all potentially affected individuals. A commenter stated that the rule's unclear requirements and lack of a concerted rollout or public education on the part of USCIS impose tremendous burdens on its organization and its members. The commenter said this also creates an environment ripe for fraud.
Un comentarista dijo que se vería obligado a dar prioridad a ayudar a los clientes a obtener rápidamente los documentos de registro para evitar acciones de cumplimiento de la ley, y agregó que su personal tendría que dedicar más tiempo y recursos a cumplir con dicha norma, lo cual desviaría capacidad para ayudar con otros servicios legales vitales y vías de alivio.
A commenter said that it would be forced to prioritize helping clients obtain registration documents quickly to avoid enforcement actions, adding that its staff would have to devote more time and resources abiding by such a rule, which would divert capacity to assist with other vital legal services and pathways to relief.
Un comentarista escribió que los profesionales de Michigan que atienden a sobrevivientes de violencia doméstica y sexual quedarían “desamparados” respecto a lo que podría sucederles a los sobrevivientes al registrarse, y agregó que, sin poder brindar orientación de manera segura y evitar el ejercicio no autorizado de la abogacía, dichos defensores tendrían dificultades para ayudar a sus clientes a mantenerse seguros y a proteger a sus hijos. El comentarista también manifestó que los oficiales de policía de Michigan tendrían dificultades para conseguir testigos colaboradores en sus investigaciones, porque los sobrevivientes tendrían tanto temor a la deportación que no se presentarían.
A commenter wrote that Michigan professionals who serve survivors of domestic and sexual violence would be “left in the lurch” about what could happen to survivors when they register, adding that without being able to safely provide guidance and avoid unauthorized practice of law, such advocates would struggle to support their clients to stay safe and to keep their children safe. The commenter also stated that Michigan police officers would struggle to secure supportive witnesses in their investigations because survivors would be so fearful of removal that they would not come forward.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por el impacto de la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) en organizaciones como la suya, indicando que su organización ya ha experimentado un aumento significativo en las solicitudes de información, asesoría legal y asistencia por parte de clientes existentes en relación con los requisitos de registro y prueba de la IFR. Además, el comentarista informó un aumento en las consultas e inquietudes de la comunidad en general, lo cual ha interferido con su función principal de proporcionar servicios legales de inmigración. El comentarista explicó que la complejidad y las “inconsistencias” de la norma, junto con su impacto casi universal, significan que incluso los clientes existentes que podrían considerarse “registrados” necesitarían asesoría legal para determinar esto con confianza. El comentarista agregó que esto es particularmente cierto para clientes con solicitudes pendientes o aquellos en hogares de estatus mixto, donde existe mayor ambigüedad sobre quién necesita cumplir con el proceso. El comentarista planteó preocupaciones sobre el impacto de la IFR en el financiamiento y las operaciones de su organización. El comentarista explicó que reciben una parte significativa de su financiamiento de subvenciones y contratos que requieren productos específicos de servicios legales de inmigración, y que algunos contratos se pagan por caso individual y otros se pagan en ciclos basados en requisitos de presentación de informes. El comentarista dijo que asesorar y asistir a clientes existentes y miembros de la comunidad en relación con la nueva norma no calificaría bajo estas subvenciones como productos entregables, ya que esas subvenciones financian otros servicios específicos. El comentarista advirtió que el incumplimiento de las métricas y requisitos de presentación de informes de las subvenciones actuales, debido al desvío de recursos para atender la IFR, podría resultar en la pérdida de los fondos restantes bajo esas subvenciones. El comentarista expresó preocupación de que esto podría poner en riesgo la capacidad de la organización para solicitar subvenciones futuras, lo que podría conducir a despidos de personal y otras medidas de reducción de costos, lo que en última instancia reduciría su capacidad de asistir a clientes existentes y futuros.
A commenter voiced concern about the IFR's impact on organizations like themselves, stating that their organization has already experienced a significant increase in requests for information, legal advice, and assistance from existing clients regarding the IFR's registration and proof requirements. Additionally, the commenter reported increased inquiries and concerns from the broader community, which has interfered with their core function of providing immigration legal services. The commenter explained that the complexity and “inconsistencies” of the rule, coupled with its nearly universal impact, mean that even existing clients who may be considered “registered” would need legal advice to confidently make that determination. The commenter added that this is particularly true for clients with pending applications or those in mixed-status households where there is greater ambiguity about who needs to comply with the process. The commenter raised concerns about the IFR's impact on their organization's funding and operations. The commenter explained that they receive a significant portion of their funding from grants and contracts that require specific deliverables of immigration legal services, with some contracts paid on a “per case” basis and others paid in cycles based on reporting requirements. The commenter said that advising and assisting existing clients and community members around the new rule would not qualify under these grants as deliverables, since those grants fund other specific services. The commenter warned that failure to comply with current grant metrics and reporting requirements due to the diversion of resources to address the IFR may result in the loss of remaining funds under those grants. The commenter expressed concern that this could jeopardize the organization's ability to apply for future grants, potentially leading to staff layoffs and other cost-cutting measures, ultimately reducing their ability to assist existing and future clients.
Un comentarista escribió que el requisito de registro de inmigrantes presentaría un conflicto de interés para su organización y los abogados defensores con quienes trabajan, porque obligaría a los abogados a aconsejar a los “extranjeros” a cumplir con una ley que probablemente viola el derecho de la Quinta Enmienda contra la autoincriminación. El comentarista además dijo que, dado que el incumplimiento del registro puede ser procesado como delito menor, sería más difícil asesorar con precisión sobre los riesgos y beneficios de las resoluciones de casos penales y complicaría las negociaciones de declaración de culpabilidad. Otro comentarista dijo que la IFR crea problemas morales para los abogados, quienes no querrán aconsejar a sus clientes que no se registren debido a las obligaciones legales asociadas.
A commenter wrote that the immigrant registration requirement would present a conflict of interest for their organization and the defense attorneys they work with because it would force attorneys to advise “noncitizens” to comply with a law that likely violates the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. The commenter further said that since failure to register can be prosecuted as a misdemeanor, it would be more difficult to accurately advise on the risks and benefits of criminal case dispositions and would complicate plea negotiations. Another commenter said that the IFR creates moral issues for attorneys, who are not going to want to advise their clients not to register because of the associated legal obligations.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) entiende que las organizaciones pueden experimentar un aumento en las consultas de las comunidades de clientes, o una expansión de los servicios de una organización para incluir asistencia adicional sobre el requisito de registro de extranjeros. Sin embargo, esto suele ocurrir con los procesos nuevos y no es exclusivo de esta IFR. El DHS no está de acuerdo con la caracterización de que la IFR y el registro de extranjeros presenten un conflicto de interés o problemas morales para las organizaciones legales y los abogados defensores. Se presume que los proveedores de servicios legales asesorarían a sus clientes sobre las disposiciones de la sección 262 de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1302, como lo harían con cualquier otra obligación legal.
Response: DHS understands that organizations may experience an increase in inquiries from client communities, or an expansion of an organization's services to include additional assistance about the alien registration requirement. However, this is often the case with new processes and is not unique to this IFR. DHS disagrees with the characterization that the IFR and alien registration presents legal organizations and defense attorneys with a conflict of interest or moral issues. Legal services providers would presumably advise their clients about the directives of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, as they would any other legal obligation.
El DHS también señala que la IFR y esta norma final no han modificado los requisitos de registro y las obligaciones relacionadas establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas. El estatuto exige que, con excepciones limitadas, todos los extranjeros de 14 años o más que no hayan sido registrados ni tomado sus huellas dactilares, si así se requiere, y que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más, deben solicitar el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares. Estas normativas llenan un vacío en el régimen regulatorio del DHS al establecer una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus. El DHS considera que esta opción puede mejorar los resultados de registro para ciertos grupos de extranjeros.
DHS also notes that the IFR and this final rule have not changed the registration requirements and related obligations established by Congress many decades ago. The statute requires that, with limited exceptions, all aliens 14 years or older who were not registered and fingerprinted, if required, who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer, must apply for registration and fingerprinting. These rulemakings fill a gap in DHS's regulatory regime by establishing a general registration option available to all aliens, regardless of status. DHS believes that this option may improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens.
El Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglés) también estableció un sitio web dedicado con información sobre el Requisito de Registro de Extranjeros (ARR, por sus siglas en inglés) y una Herramienta ARR que puede ayudar a los extranjeros a determinar si deben registrarse.[24]
USCIS also established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.[24]
Como parte de este proceso de reglamentación, el DHS también solicita comentarios sobre las enmiendas propuestas para prescribir ciertos formularios existentes con recopilación de información y un exhaustivo escrutinio y verificación basados en datos biométricos para su uso por parte de los extranjeros, a fin de mejorar los resultados del registro para determinadas poblaciones de extranjeros, al mismo tiempo que se aumenta la eficiencia y se reduce la carga tanto para el público como para el gobierno. Véase la Sección V.A de este preámbulo.
As part of this rulemaking, DHS is also requesting comments on proposed amendments to prescribe certain existing forms with information collection and thorough biometric-based screening and vetting for use by aliens to improve registration outcomes for certain populations of aliens while increasing efficiency and reducing burden for the public and the government. See Section V.A of this preamble.
4. Impacto en el Sistema de Inmigración y las Operaciones Gubernamentales
4. Impact on the Immigration System and Government Operations
a. Beneficios poco claros para las capacidades de aplicación de la ley
a. Unclear Benefits to Enforcement Capabilities
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas señalaron que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) no proporciona evidencia suficiente que demuestre que el sistema actual se aplica de manera inadecuada o que la norma propuesta proporcionaría un beneficio para la efectividad o eficiencia de la aplicación de la ley, la seguridad pública o la seguridad nacional. Otros varios comentaristas describieron la norma como innecesaria, sumamente costosa e ineficaz, y algunos comentaristas pidieron su derogación. Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que la IFR no distingue de manera significativa entre los diferentes estatus migratorios, lo cual podría generar confusión y registros duplicados. Un par de comentaristas advirtieron que políticas de registro similares se utilizaron durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y “sistemáticamente no lograron mejorar la seguridad”. Un comentarista describió la IFR como algo que “aborda un problema que no existe”. Otro comentarista razonó que los perpetradores de delitos graves probablemente no cumplirían con el requisito de registro, y escribió que el requisito de registro similar del NSEERS impuesto después del 11 de septiembre no fue productivo y que no existe evidencia de que se haya identificado a ningún terrorista mediante dicho programa. De manera similar, un comentarista escribió que los registros generalizados “no nos hacen más seguros”. El comentarista señaló que después del 11 de septiembre de 2001, un programa similar ( página impresa 39266) (NSEERS) tuvo como objetivo a inmigrantes musulmanes y no logró producir ni una sola condena por terrorismo, al tiempo que causó un daño duradero. Agregó que la verdadera seguridad proviene de la confianza y de políticas inteligentes y específicas, no de una extralimitación basada en el miedo. Otro comentarista expresó preocupación de que la norma consumiría grandes cantidades de recursos para obtener datos que probablemente serían de mala calidad.
Comment: Many commenters said that the IFR fails to provide sufficient evidence demonstrating that the current system is inadequately enforced or that the proposed rule would provide a benefit for enforcement effectiveness or efficiency, public safety, or national security. Multiple other commenters described the rule as unnecessary, highly costly, and ineffective, with several commenters calling for its rescission. A commenter expressed concern that the IFR does not meaningfully distinguish between different immigration statuses, which could lead to confusion and duplicated registrations. A couple of commenters warned that similar registration policies were used during World War II and “consistently failed to enhance security.” A commenter described the IFR as “addressing a problem that does not exist.” A different commenter reasoned that perpetrators of serious crimes would not be likely to follow the registration requirement, writing that the similar NSEERS registration requirement imposed after September 11th was not productive and that there was no evidence of any terrorist identified through the program. Similarly, a commenter wrote that sweeping registries “don't make us safer.” The commenter stated that after September 11, 2001, a similar program ( printed page 39266) (NSEERS) targeted Muslim immigrants and failed to produce a single terrorism conviction—while causing lasting harm. They added that true safety comes from trust and smart, targeted policies—not from a fear-based overreach. Another commenter expressed concern that the rule would consume vast amounts of resources for data likely to be of poor quality.
Un comentarista señaló que la norma presionaría a las autoridades de inmigración para detener a más personas con base en la percepción de incumplimiento, incluyendo a ciudadanos estadounidenses, lo cual socavaría la seguridad pública y desperdiciaría recursos de aplicación de la ley que deberían destinarse a amenazas legítimas a la seguridad. El comentarista manifestó que la norma carece de evidencia que justifique los costos en relación con el beneficio a la seguridad pública, citando estudios que indican que los usos pasados de esta sección de la ley de inmigración no proporcionan dicha evidencia. Algunos comentaristas señalaron que la norma destinaría más recursos a la aplicación de la ley de inmigración al inundar los tribunales con casos administrativos de bajo nivel, lo cual desviaría recursos de la persecución de delitos contra la seguridad pública, tales como delitos graves y otros delitos serios, y limitaría los recursos de la agencia destinados a la aplicación de la ley fronteriza, la prevención del fraude y la adjudicación de casos de asilo. Otro comentarista señaló que los efectos de la norma se verían agravados para los oficiales de aplicación de la ley de inmigración en el campo, quienes se verían obligados a dedicar una cantidad desproporcionada de tiempo a buscar y revisar documentos de registro en lugar de concentrarse en tareas prioritarias de aplicación de la ley, con consecuencias para la seguridad nacional y la seguridad pública en general.
A commenter said that the rule would press immigration authorities to detain more individuals based on the perception of noncompliance, including U.S. citizens, undermining public safety and wasting enforcement resources that should target legitimate security threats. The commenter articulated that the rule lacks evidence to justify the costs to benefit public safety, citing studies indicating that past uses of this section of immigration law do not provide such evidence. Some commenter said the rule would apply more resources to immigration enforcement by flooding courts with low-level administrative cases, which would divert resources away from prosecuting crimes against public safety, such as felonies and other serious crimes and limit agency resources on border enforcement, fraud prevention, and asylum adjudication. Another commenter said the rule's effects would be compounded for immigration enforcement officers in the field, who would be required to spend disproportionate time seeking out and reviewing registration documents rather than focusing on priority enforcement tasks, with consequences for national security and overall public safety.
Algunos comentaristas escribieron de manera similar que no está claro cómo la norma mejoraría significativamente la seguridad nacional o la eficacia de la aplicación de la ley más allá de las medidas existentes. Uno de estos comentaristas analizó las medidas existentes tanto a nivel estatal como federal para verificar el empleo, las licencias de conducir y el estatus legal, y citó investigaciones del Migration Policy Institute para demostrar que medidas como E-Verify y REAL ID son suficientes. Un comentarista declaró que el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) ya posee datos de registro y biométricos de la mayoría de las personas con las que interactúa, y que las verificaciones de antecedentes asociadas con el formulario G-325R replican verificaciones ya realizadas mediante las solicitudes de visa, asilo, TPS y autorización de empleo. El comentarista declaró que, en lugar de mejorar la capacidad del DHS para identificar amenazas, la norma podría obstaculizar la aplicación de la ley al sobrecargar los sistemas con datos redundantes y desalentar la cooperación de las comunidades de inmigrantes que temen represalias por intentar cumplir. Un comentarista expresó de manera similar que los procesos y sistemas existentes ya hacen seguimiento de las personas que interactúan con las agencias de inmigración, y que no hay indicios de que los mecanismos de seguimiento actuales hayan dejado al DHS incapaz de identificar o aprehender a personas que representan riesgos reales para la seguridad pública o la seguridad nacional, lo que hace que esta “expansión generalizada” sea innecesaria e ineficiente. De manera similar, otro comentarista instó al Departamento a enfocarse en mejorar los sistemas existentes en lugar de crear complejidades administrativas innecesarias, mientras que un comentarista diferente describió el requisito de registro como una “renovación innecesaria” del sistema de inmigración.
A few commenters similarly wrote that it is unclear how the rule would significantly improve national security or law enforcement efficacy beyond existing measures. One of these commenters discussed the existing measures at both the State and Federal level to verify employment, driver's licenses, and legal status and cited research from the Migration Policy Institute to demonstrate that measures such as E-Verify and REAL ID are sufficient. A commenter stated that DHS already possesses registration and biometric data for most individuals it interacts with, and the background checks associated with the G-325R form replicate checks already done through visa, asylum, TPS, and employment authorization applications. The commenter stated that, rather than improving DHS's ability to identify threats, the rule may hamper enforcement by overloading systems with redundant data and discouraging cooperation from immigrant communities who fear retaliation for attempted compliance. A commenter similarly said that existing processes and systems already track individuals who interact with immigration agencies and there is no indication that current tracking mechanisms have left DHS unable to identify or apprehend individuals who pose real public safety or national security risks, making this “sweeping expansion” both unnecessary and inefficient. Similarly, another commenter urged the Department to focus on improving existing systems rather than creating unnecessary administrative complexities, while a different commenter described the registry requirement as an “unnecessary overhaul” of the immigration system.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) sería imposible de aplicar. Otro comentarista recomendó que el DHS garantizara que el registro propuesto no desencadenara automáticamente acciones de aplicación de la ley.
One commenter expressed concern that the IFR would be impossible to enforce. Another commenter recommended that DHS ensure the proposed registration would not automatically trigger enforcement actions.
Respuesta: La IFR y la norma final no modifican los procedimientos actuales, sino que llenan un vacío en el régimen regulatorio al establecer una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus, y la evidencia correspondiente como prueba de dicho registro. Se espera que la norma mejore la eficacia de la aplicación de la ley del DHS al proporcionar información más completa sobre la ubicación de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos, facilitando y haciendo más seguro para el DHS hacer cumplir la ley. El mayor cumplimiento de los requisitos de toma de huellas dactilares proporciona al DHS información adicional sobre los antecedentes penales de un extranjero, incluyendo si se trata de un terrorista conocido o sospechoso. El DHS también señala que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes legalmente en los Estados Unidos probablemente ya están registrados. Finalmente, el DHS señala que incluso si esta reglamentación careciera de un efecto neto positivo claro en la eficacia de la aplicación de la ley, el DHS procedería con esta reglamentación conforme a su obligación de implementar fielmente los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA y la directriz del Presidente en la Orden Ejecutiva 14159.
Response: The IFR and final rule do not change current procedures but fill a gap in the regulatory regime by prescribing a general registration option available to all aliens regardless of their status and corresponding evidence as proof of that registration. The rule is expected to improve DHS law enforcement efficacy by providing more comprehensive information about the location of aliens in the United States to make it easier and safer for DHS to enforce the law. The increased compliance with fingerprinting requirements provides DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether an alien is a known or suspected terrorist. DHS also notes that most aliens lawfully present in the United States are likely already registered. Finally, DHS notes that even if this rulemaking lacked a clear net positive effect on law enforcement efficacy, DHS would pursue this rulemaking consistent with DHS's duty to faithfully implement the alien registration requirements of the INA and the President's direction in E.O. 14159.
b. Costo gubernamental y mala asignación de recursos gubernamentales
b. Government Cost and Misallocation of Government Resources
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas expresaron preocupación respecto al aumento de los costos del DHS derivados de la IFR y la describieron como una mala asignación de recursos gubernamentales. Por ejemplo, algunos comentaristas se opusieron al uso de los dólares de los contribuyentes para financiar la vigilancia y la deportación de personas que huyen de condiciones que atribuyeron a la política exterior de los Estados Unidos. Otro comentarista recomendó no utilizar recursos para financiar prácticas de vigilancia que consideraban invasivas. Un par de comentaristas escribieron que los recursos gubernamentales deberían dirigirse a garantizar las necesidades humanas básicas.
Comment: Many commenters expressed concern regarding increased DHS costs arising from the IFR and described it as misallocation of government resources. For example, some commenters opposed the use of tax dollars to fund the policing and deportation of individuals fleeing conditions they attributed to U.S. foreign policy. Another commenter recommended against using resources to fund policing practices they viewed as invasive. A couple of commenters wrote that government resources should be directed toward ensuring basic human needs.
Un comentarista declaró que la norma crearía una burocracia costosa e hinchada en un esfuerzo por criminalizar a los vecinos si se atrasan con su papeleo, y que constituye un desperdicio de recursos dado que el gobierno ya cuenta con toda la información que necesita.
A commenter stated that the rule would create an expensive, bloated bureaucracy in an effort to criminalize neighbors if they fall behind on their paperwork and constitutes a waste of resources given that the government already has all the information it needs.
Un comentarista declaró que el DHS necesitaría crear un sistema completamente nuevo para hacer seguimiento de estos registros, lo que crearía una carga indebida. Un comentarista declaró que, tal como está redactada, cualquier residente permanente legal (LPR) que realice incluso un viaje de 1 hora a México podría estar sujeto a tener que entregar su tarjeta de residencia (Green Card) en cada reingreso y volver a tomarse las huellas dactilares, lo que conduciría a un “resultado absurdo” y a un desperdicio de tiempo y recursos.
A commenter stated that DHS would need to create a whole new system to keep track of these registrations, creating an undue burden. A commenter stated that, as currently written, any LPR who takes even a 1-hour trip to Mexico could be subject to having to tender their Green Card upon each re-entry and be re-fingerprinted, leading to an “absurd result” and waste of time and resources.
Un comentarista escribió que no sería un uso eficiente de los recursos instituir este proceso de registro, describiéndolo como “no relacionado con el bienestar general de los estadounidenses ni con la provisión de los beneficios que el USCIS ya administra”.
One commenter wrote that it would not be an efficient use of resources to institute this registration process, describing it as “unrelated to the general welfare of Americans nor to the provision of the benefits USCIS already administers.”
Otros comentaristas dijeron que las sanciones penales de la regla por no cumplir con los requisitos de registro crearían un alto costo para la aplicación de la ley civil y penal. Al describir la dificultad que enfrentaron las autoridades para llevar a cabo eficazmente el programa NSEERS y sus costos financieros, un comentarista escribió que esta historia y la falta de un método claro y manejable para implementar los diversos aspectos del programa deberían ser informativos para la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) y sus posibles implicaciones financieras, ya que el inminente requisito de registro requeriría que múltiples agencias y autoridades resolvieran los diversos aspectos del programa. Algunos comentaristas escribieron que la IFR conduciría a más litigios y abusos, y un comentarista individual expresó preocupación por los "honorarios legales" en que el DHS podría incurrir y que se convertirían en un "desperdicio de dinero de los contribuyentes".
Other commenters said the rule's criminal penalties for failing to comply with registration requirements would create a high cost for civil and criminal law enforcement. Describing the difficulty authorities faced in effectively carrying out the NSEERS program and its financial costs, a commenter wrote that this history and the lack of a clear and manageable method of implementing the various aspects of the program should be informative to the IFR and its potential financial implications, as the impending registration requirement would require multiple agencies and authorities to troubleshoot the various aspects of the program. Some commenters wrote that the IFR would lead to more litigation and abuse, with an individual commenter expressing concern about “legal fees” DHS might incur and become a “waste of taxpayer money.”
Respuesta: Con esta IFR y la regla final, como siempre, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) se esfuerza por ser justo y ejecutar de manera eficiente las leyes establecidas por el Congreso. Esta reglamentación aborda una brecha en el régimen regulatorio existente y garantiza que exista una manera para que todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, cumplan con su deber bajo la ley y mejoren los resultados generales del registro.
Response: With this IFR and final rule, as always, DHS strives to be fair and efficiently execute the laws established by Congress. This rulemaking addresses a gap in the existing regulatory regime and ensures that there is a way for all aliens, regardless of their immigration status, to comply with their duty under the law and to improve overall registration outcomes.
Para abordar las preocupaciones de los comentarios sobre recursos y eficiencia, el proceso del Formulario G-325R es completamente electrónico. Cualquier persona a quien se le haya emitido el Formulario I-94 o I-94W al momento de su admisión o libertad condicional (parole) en los Estados Unidos ya está registrada. Los residentes permanentes legales (LPR) ( página impresa 39267) que reingresan a los Estados Unidos después de una ausencia temporal en el extranjero generalmente ya han sido registrados, ya que están en posesión del Formulario I-551 ("una tarjeta verde") y, por lo general, no están solicitando admisión a los Estados Unidos. Véase la sección 101(a)(13)(C) del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(13)(C).
To address the resource and efficiency concerns of the comments, the Form G-325R process is entirely electronic. Anyone issued Form I-94 or I-94W upon their admission or parole to the United States is already registered. LPRs ( printed page 39267) who reenter the United States after a temporary absence abroad have generally already been registered as they are in possession of a Form I-551 (“a green card”) and are generally not seeking admission to the United States. See INA sec. 101(a)(13)(C), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(13)(C).
La ley exige que un extranjero proporcione sus huellas dactilares, a menos que se exima de este requisito, como parte del proceso de registro, y en general, USCIS no ha observado demoras ni ineficiencias significativas en los servicios de recolección biométrica. La Sección VI.B.3 de este preámbulo ofrece un análisis adicional sobre el costo estimado de esta reglamentación para la agencia.
The statute requires an alien to provide fingerprints, unless waived, as part of the registration process, and in general, USCIS has not seen any significant delays or inefficiencies in biometric collection services. Section VI.B.3 of this preamble provides further discussion on the estimated cost to the agency of this rulemaking.
En la medida en que los comentaristas sugieren que el DHS no debería administrar ni hacer cumplir plenamente los requisitos de registro de extranjeros establecidos en el INA, el DHS respetuosamente discrepa. Además, la regla no impone una obligación adicional de aplicación de la ley respecto del estatuto existente. El DHS administrará, hará cumplir y ejecutará fielmente estas leyes de conformidad con sus deberes estatutarios bajo el INA, y según lo dispuesto por el Presidente, lo cual incluye defenderse de los desafíos planteados por quienes preferirían que el gobierno no haga cumplir estas leyes. El DHS no considera que defender la implementación fiel de las leyes de inmigración, tal como fueron aprobadas por el Congreso, frente a impugnaciones legales, constituya un desperdicio de recursos gubernamentales, sino que forma parte del mandato del gobierno.
To the extent that the commenters suggest that DHS should not fully administer and enforce the alien registration requirements of the INA, DHS respectfully disagrees. Furthermore, the rule does not obligate additional enforcement of the existing statute DHS will administer, enforce, and faithfully execute these laws consistent with DHS's statutory duties under the INA, and as directed by the President, which includes defending against challenges from those who would prefer that the government not enforce these laws. DHS does not believe that defending the faithful implementation of immigration laws, as passed by Congress, against legal challenges is a waste of government resources, but instead is part of the government's mandate.
Comentario: Algunos comentaristas expresaron preocupaciones generales de que la IFR fomentaría la corrupción gubernamental y el uso inapropiado del sistema de inmigración. Uno de los comentaristas escribió que el requisito podría dar lugar a un aumento de funcionarios dentro del sistema de inmigración que abusen de su posición de autoridad, y que el gobierno está tratando de parecer eficaz sin serlo realmente.
Comment: A few commenters expressed general concerns that the IFR would support government corruption and inappropriate usage of the immigration system. One of the commenters wrote that the requirement could lead to an increase in officers within the immigration system abusing their position of authority and that the government is trying to appear effective without being effective.
Respuesta: Como parte de la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, el presidente Trump hizo prioritario hacer cumplir el requisito de registro de conformidad con la ley, y difundir información sobre el deber de los extranjeros, descrito en la sección 262 del INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, de registrarse y tomarse las huellas dactilares (si así se requiere), así como los requisitos relacionados de portar dicha evidencia de registro y notificar al DHS los cambios de domicilio.
Response: As part of E.O. 14159, President Trump made it a priority to enforce the registration requirement in accordance with the law, and to publicize information about the duty of aliens described in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, to register and be fingerprinted (if required), as well as the related requirements to carry such evidence of registration and notify DHS of changes of address.
El objetivo de la IFR y la regla final es implementar fielmente los requisitos de registro de extranjeros del INA. El DHS busca garantizar de mejor manera que los extranjeros comprendan su deber bajo la ley y tengan una vía para cumplir con ese deber estatutario a través del nuevo proceso y formulario de registro general. La especulación sobre un posible uso indebido futuro de la autoridad u otra conducta indebida por parte de funcionarios gubernamentales está fuera del alcance de esta reglamentación. Esta reglamentación no establece una política de aplicación de la ley y no se puede esperar razonablemente que dé cuenta de manera integral de dichas actividades.
The goal of the IFR and final rule is to faithfully implement the alien registration requirements of the INA. DHS seeks to better ensure that aliens understand their duty under the law and have a path to satisfy that statutory duty through the new general registration process and form. Speculation about potential future misuse of authority or other malfeasance by government officials is beyond the scope of this rulemaking. This rulemaking does not set enforcement policy and cannot reasonably be expected to comprehensively account for such activity.
c. Duplicación de procesos existentes y agravamiento del atraso acumulado
c. Duplicating Existing Processes and Exacerbating Backlog
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas escribieron que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) no aborda adecuadamente cómo el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) manejaría la afluencia masiva de registros y los costos administrativos y de aplicación asociados con la norma, así como los impactos en el retraso existente y otras funciones esenciales del DHS. Muchos comentaristas también expresaron preocupación de que el nuevo sistema de registro sobrecargaría aún más un sistema ya abrumado y agravaría el retraso de USCIS, lo que resultaría en efectos negativos, tales como la pérdida de protección, demoras en el procesamiento de visas y peticiones, e interrupción de la autorización de empleo.
Comment: Many commenters wrote that the IFR does not adequately address how DHS would handle the massive influx of registrations and the associated administrative and enforcement costs of the rule, as well as impacts to the existing backlog and other essential DHS functions. Many commenters also expressed concern that the new registration system would further burden an overwhelmed system and exacerbate the USCIS backlog, resulting in negative effects, such as loss of protection, delays in visa and petition processing, and interruption in employment authorization.
Muchos comentaristas señalaron de manera similar que exigir que millones de personas se registren y hacer cumplir la prueba de registro aumentaría los costos administrativos para el Departamento de Justicia (DOJ, por sus siglas en inglés) y USCIS, incluidos los costos de personal, capacitación y materiales; indicaron que esta última agencia ya tiene graves retrasos en el procesamiento de varias categorías de beneficios. Asimismo, un comentarista indicó que crear, mantener y hacer cumplir el cumplimiento de un régimen de registro masivo sería extraordinariamente costoso y requeriría una nueva burocracia, mayor vigilancia y extensas operaciones de aplicación para actuar sobre los datos recopilados, lo que sobrecargaría los recursos del DHS y se sumaría a los retrasos existentes. Un comentarista indicó que los importantes desafíos que ya enfrenta USCIS para procesar las solicitudes del Formulario I-765 solo se agravarían si se desvían recursos para procesar millones de Formularios G-325R, aumentando así los retrasos actuales en el procesamiento de las autorizaciones de empleo (EAD, por sus siglas en inglés) y perjudicando a los trabajadores, las empresas y la economía en general en el proceso. Algunos comentaristas alentaron al DHS a centrarse en otras prioridades, incluida la mejora de la eficiencia dentro del sistema existente, como la reducción del retraso de casos, en lugar de ampliar los requisitos de registro de extranjeros.
Many commenters similarly stated that requiring millions of people to register and enforcing proof of registration would increase administrative costs for DOJ and USCIS, including costs for personnel, training, and materials; they said the latter agency already has severe backlogs in processing several benefit categories. Likewise, a commenter stated that creating, maintaining, and enforcing compliance with a massive registration regime would be extraordinarily costly and require new bureaucracy, increased surveillance, and extensive enforcement operations to act on the data collected, thus overwhelming DHS resources and layering on to existing backlogs. A commenter stated that the significant challenges USCIS already faces in processing Form I-765 filings would only become more acute if resources are diverted to process millions of Form G-325Rs, thus increasing current EAD processing backlogs and harming workers, businesses, and the overall economy in the process. A few commenters encouraged DHS to focus on other priorities, including improving efficiency within the existing system, such as reducing the case backlog, instead of expanding alien registration requirements.
Un comentarista indicó que el DHS no cuenta con los recursos necesarios para aumentar la logística, el personal, la capacitación, y el desarrollo y mantenimiento de un sistema, y agregó que si el DHS actualmente cuenta con el financiamiento, el gobierno podría destinarlo a un mejor uso en otros departamentos del gobierno “para mejorar los servicios, el personal, la capacitación, etc.” Un comentarista también señaló que la IFR crearía una carga administrativa innecesaria para los empleados del DHS durante un período de reducciones de empleo federal. Varios comentaristas criticaron la norma por su falta de análisis sobre el retraso actual en USCIS o cómo la norma afectaría este retraso. Los comentaristas expresaron preocupación de que USCIS ya está experimentando retrasos significativos en el procesamiento de diversas solicitudes, incluidas las solicitudes de asilo, las peticiones de estatus de Inmigrante Especial Juvenil (SIJ, por sus siglas en inglés) y otros beneficios migratorios. Los comentaristas también criticaron la IFR por su falta de análisis sobre los posibles costos de agregar una carga de trabajo adicional “significativa” al ya sobrecargado estado de USCIS, describiendo el daño económico continuo del retraso en todas las categorías de beneficios.
A commenter stated that DHS does not have the necessary resources for increased logistics, staffing, training, and developing and maintaining a system, adding that if DHS does currently have the funding, the government could put it to better use in other departments within the government ” to improve services, staffing, training, etc.” A commenter also noted that the IFR would create unnecessary administrative burden for DHS employees during a period of Federal job reductions. Several commenters critiqued the rule for its lack of discussion on the current backlog at USCIS or how the rule would affect this backlog. Commenters expressed concern that USCIS is already experiencing significant backlogs in processing various applications, including asylum applications, Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) status petitions, and other immigration benefits. Commenters also critiqued the IFR for its lack of discussion on the potential costs of adding “significant” additional workload to the overburdened state of USCIS, describing the ongoing economic damage of the backlog across benefit categories.
Uno de los comentaristas escribió que el gobierno recopila extensos datos biométricos y biográficos a través de múltiples agencias. Algunos comentaristas indicaron que muchos extranjeros ya están registrados, incluidas las personas a quienes se les ha otorgado la residencia permanente legal o que la han solicitado, que recibieron un Formulario I-94 al llegar a los Estados Unidos, a quienes se les expidió una autorización de empleo (EAD), o a quienes se les expidió una visa de no inmigrante o de inmigrante antes de su llegada más reciente a los Estados Unidos. De manera similar, un comentarista indicó que la información pertinente ya se recopila a través de formularios de larga data como el I-94, el I-485, el I-589 y el I-765. El comentarista indicó que esta norma fragmenta aún más el sistema, confundiendo tanto a los solicitantes como a las agencias gubernamentales, creando una superposición con las bases de datos y los mecanismos de identificación existentes, contradiciendo así directamente los llamados a simplificar el sistema migratorio. El comentarista instó al DHS a desarrollar mecanismos de registro que se integren con los formularios y bases de datos existentes, en lugar de crear sistemas paralelos redundantes y confusos.
One of the commenters wrote that the government collects extensive biometric and biographic data through multiple agencies. Some commenters stated that many aliens are already registered, including individuals who have been granted or applied for lawful permanent residence, received a Form I-94 when arriving in the United States, were issued an EAD, or were issued a nonimmigrant or immigrant visa prior to their most recent arrival in the United States. Similarly, a commenter said relevant information is already collected via longstanding forms such as I-94, I-485, I-589, and I-765. The commenter stated that this rule fragments the system further, confusing both applicants and government agencies, creating overlap with existing databases and identification mechanisms, thus directly contradicting calls for immigration system streamlining. The commenter urged DHS to develop registration mechanisms that integrate with existing forms and databases, rather than creating redundant and confusing parallel systems.
Múltiples comentaristas expresaron de manera similar preocupación respecto del requisito de que los solicitantes de asilo, los titulares del Estatus de Protección Temporal (TPS, por sus siglas en inglés) y otras personas que han solicitado beneficios humanitarios no incluidos actualmente como formulario de registro, presenten el Formulario G-325R. Un comentarista señaló que esta duplicación coloca una carga significativa e innecesaria sobre los empleados del DHS en un momento en que el Gobierno Federal está recortando empleos.
Multiple commenters similarly expressed concern with the requirement for asylum applicants, Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders, and others who have applied for humanitarian benefits not currently listed as a registration form, to submit the G-325R. A commenter noted that this duplication places a significant and unnecessary burden on DHS employees at a time when the Federal Government is cutting jobs.
Un comentarista afirmó que numerosos formularios de inmigración que requieren datos biométricos al momento de su recepción como parte del proceso de solicitud del formulario no están incluidos en la lista de formularios de registro aceptables, y escribió que esta omisión demuestra que este tipo de registro obligatorio es anticuado e innecesario. Por ejemplo, (página impresa 39268) el comentarista señaló que el Formulario I-589 no está incluido en la lista de formularios aceptados, pero que, como parte del proceso de asilo, todos los solicitantes deben divulgar información biográfica y demográfica extensa en el Formulario I-589 y también completar el proceso biométrico. Por lo tanto, el comentarista razonó que considerar a los solicitantes de asilo como "no registrados" es irrazonable y arbitrario, y que el mismo argumento sería válido para una variedad de formularios y procesos de solicitud de inmigración diferentes, incluidas las visas U y T, el SIJ y el alivio bajo la VAWA. El comentarista concluyó que obligar a los solicitantes de asilo, de visas U, de visas T, de SIJ y de VAWA a registrarse mediante el G-325R sería un desperdicio de recursos y tiempo gubernamental, ya que el gobierno ya cuenta con la misma información que se solicita en el G-325R.
A commenter stated that numerous immigration forms that require biometrics upon receipt as part of the form's application process are not listed as acceptable forms of registration, writing that this omission shows that this type of mandatory registration is outdated and unnecessary. For example, ( printed page 39268) the commenter said Form I-589 is not included on the list of accepted forms, but as part of the asylum process, all applicants must disclose extensive biographical and demographic information on Form I-589 and also complete the biometrics process. Therefore, the commenter reasoned that to consider asylum applicants as “not registered” is unreasonable and arbitrary and that the same argument would hold for a variety of different immigration forms and application processes, including U and T visas, SIJ, and VAWA relief. The commenter concluded that to force asylum, U visa, T visa, SIJ, and VAWA applicants to register using the G-325R would be a waste of government resources and time since the government already has the same information that is being asked for in the G-325R.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) tiene la obligación de ejecutar fielmente las leyes establecidas por el Congreso, incluido el requisito de registro de extranjeros. La ley exige que la mayoría de los extranjeros que permanecen en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más soliciten su registro y, con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus no inmigrante, se les tomen las huellas dactilares. El DHS, mediante la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) y esta norma final, no ha creado ni modificado los requisitos estatutarios del deber de un extranjero de registrarse ante el gobierno conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
Response: DHS has an obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including the alien registration requirement. The statute requires most aliens who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer to apply for registration and with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not created or modified the statutory requirements of an alien's duty to register with the government under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
En general, la IFR no ha causado demoras significativas en el procesamiento ni un aumento de los atrasos en otros beneficios de inmigración procesados por USCIS. El DHS simplificó deliberadamente el proceso mediante el cual los extranjeros no registrados pueden registrarse y cumplir con la ley según lo exige la INA, en beneficio de los extranjeros y de USCIS. El proceso del Formulario G-325R es completamente electrónico. A diferencia de las presentaciones en papel, un extranjero no registrado presenta información a través del proceso electrónico y se le solicita automáticamente que proporcione la información necesaria para completar su registro. Un extranjero obtiene evidencia de registro (Comprobante de Registro de Extranjero G-325R de USCIS) casi de inmediato después de solicitar el registro o después de proporcionar sus datos biométricos, si así se requiere. En su cuenta de myUSCIS, el extranjero podrá descargar e imprimir una versión en PDF de la evidencia de registro (Comprobante de Registro de Extranjero G-325R de USCIS), lo cual es significativo a la luz del requisito de la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), que establece que todos los extranjeros de 18 años o más en los Estados Unidos que estén obligados a registrarse deben llevar consigo en todo momento y tener en su posesión personal cualquier certificado de registro de extranjero o tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero que se les haya expedido. El procesamiento electrónico del Formulario G-325R elimina el procesamiento manual de ingreso, que incluye abrir sobres de una presentación enviada por correo, verificar los formularios conforme a los criterios de aceptación y escanear los documentos para convertirlos en formato electrónico o ingresar de otro modo las respuestas del formulario en los sistemas de USCIS. El procesamiento manual de ingreso consume más tiempo y resulta más gravoso para la agencia, y podría generar demoras en el procesamiento y problemas de integridad de datos. El procesamiento electrónico del Formulario G-325R ha mejorado los servicios automatizados tanto para los extranjeros no registrados como para USCIS. Este proceso no ha causado demoras significativas en el procesamiento ni ha requerido la reasignación de recursos de otras cargas de trabajo dentro de USCIS.
In general, the IFR has not caused any significant processing delays or an increase of backlogs on other immigration benefits processed by USCIS. DHS purposefully streamlined the process by which unregistered aliens may register and comply with the law as required by the INA to benefit aliens and USCIS. The Form G-325R process is entirely electronic. Unlike paper filings, an unregistered alien submits information through the electronic process and is automatically prompted to provide necessary information to complete his or her registration. An alien obtains evidence of registration (USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration) almost instantly after applying for registration or after providing biometrics, if required. In the alien's myUSCIS account, he or she will be able to download and print a PDF version of the evidence of registration (USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration), which is of significance in light of the requirement in section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), that all aliens 18 years or older in the United States who are required to register must at all times carry with them and have in their personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to them. The electronic processing of the Form G-325R eliminates manual intake processing that includes opening envelopes of a mailed submission, checking forms against acceptance criteria, and scanning the documents to convert them into electronic format or otherwise entering form responses into USCIS systems. Manual intake processing is more time-consuming and burdensome for the agency and could lead to delays in processing and data integrity issues. The electronic processing of Form G-325R has enhanced automated services for unregistered aliens and USCIS. This process has not created any significant processing delays and has not required reallocation of resources from other workloads in USCIS.
En este momento, conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b), los extranjeros que han presentado el Formulario I-589, Solicitud de Asilo y Retención de Expulsión, y otros formularios que no están enumerados en las regulaciones existentes, no se consideran registrados. El DHS señala que el Formulario I-766, Documento de Autorización de Empleo, está incluido como evidencia de registro en el 8 CFR 264.1(b). Muchos asilados, solicitantes de asilo, solicitantes de TPS y otros extranjeros han recibido dicha evidencia de registro.
At this time, under 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b), aliens who have filed the Form I-589, Application for Asylum and Withholding of Removal, and other forms that are not enumerated in the existing regulations, are not considered to be registered. DHS notes that Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, is listed as evidence of registration at 8 CFR 264.1(b). Many asylees, asylum applicants, TPS applicants, and other aliens have received such evidence of registration.
DHS tiene conocimiento de que existen áreas de las regulaciones vigentes que podrían mejorarse, incluyendo la modificación de la lista de formularios prescritos como formularios de registro en 8 CFR 264.1(a) y la lista de formularios que constituyen evidencia de registro en 8 CFR 264.1(b). Como parte de esta regla final, DHS solicita comentarios sobre diversas formas de modificar la regulación de DHS para mejorar la implementación del requisito de registro conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Véase la sección V de este preámbulo.
DHS is aware that there are areas of the existing regulations that could be improved, including amending the list of forms prescribed as registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and the list of forms constituted as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). As part of this final rule, DHS is requesting comments on various ways to amend the DHS regulation to improve implementation of the registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. See section V of this preamble.
5. Impacto en las comunidades y la seguridad pública
5. Impact on Communities and Public Safety
a. Impactos e implicaciones para las fuerzas del orden y la participación en la seguridad comunitaria
a. Impacts and Implications for Law Enforcement and Participation in Community Safety
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas expresaron su preocupación de que la regla socavaría la seguridad pública y la eficacia de las fuerzas del orden. Un comentarista declaró que las comunidades en todo el país dependen de una relación sólida con los agentes del orden; indicó que la IFR amenaza esa relación debido a la mayor amenaza o percepción de arrestos indebidos, lo cual llevaría a una espiral descendente de erosión de la confianza que afectaría tanto a ciudadanos estadounidenses como a extranjeros. De manera similar, otro comentarista expresó su preocupación de que las agencias de aplicación de la ley no podrían distinguir entre inmigrantes con diferentes estatus de registro y que habría un aumento de los arrestos falsos. En cuanto a la confianza, los comentaristas escribieron que la política dañaría la confianza de la comunidad en las fuerzas del orden, someterían tanto a ciudadanos estadounidenses como a extranjeros presentes legalmente, incluidos los residentes permanentes legales (LPR), a arrestos y detenciones indebidas, y generarían una tensión adicional sobre el sistema legal de inmigración sin lograr beneficios significativos para la seguridad pública. Un comentarista escribió que la administración actual ya ha incurrido en un "patrón de acciones de aplicación de la ley desordenado y agresivo", y que "esta IFR solo avivará las alarmantes prácticas de aplicación de la ley habituales en esta administración". En relación con sus preocupaciones manifestadas sobre la seguridad pública, algunos comentaristas escribieron que los extranjeros cometen delitos a tasas más bajas que los ciudadanos estadounidenses.
Comment: Many commenters expressed concerns that the rule would undermine public safety and law enforcement effectiveness. A commenter stated that communities across the country rely on a strong relationship with law enforcement officers; they said the IFR threatens that relationship due to the increased threat or perception of wrongful arrests, which would lead to a downward spiral of eroding trust impacting both U.S. citizens and aliens. Similarly, a different commenter expressed concern that enforcement agencies would be unable to distinguish between immigrants of different registration statuses and that there would be an increase in false arrests. With regard to trust, commenters wrote that the policy would damage community trust in law enforcement, subject both U.S citizens and lawfully present aliens, including LPRs, to wrongful arrests and detentions, and place additional strain on the immigration legal system without achieving meaningful public safety benefits. One commenter wrote that the current administration has already engaged in “haphazard and aggressive pattern of enforcement actions,” and that “this IFR will only fuel the alarming enforcement practices commonplace in this administration.” In connection with their stated concerns about public safety, some commenters wrote that aliens commit crime at lower rates than U.S. citizens.
Otros comentaristas distintos escribieron que la política allanaría el camino para abusos generalizados sin mejorar la seguridad comunitaria, y otros agregaron que impediría la cooperación con las fuerzas del orden, haría que las comunidades fueran menos seguras y también socavaría la seguridad de los agentes. Como alternativa a la IFR, un comentarista recomendó concentrarse en una mejor coordinación con las agencias locales de aplicación de la ley sobre cooperación específica y enfocar los recursos en las amenazas más graves a la seguridad nacional y pública, en lugar de registrar y perseguir indiscriminadamente a millones de extranjeros. Un comentarista diferente sugirió que los responsables de las políticas deberían perseguir políticas de inmigración que beneficien la economía y aumenten la seguridad pública, y priorizar la remoción de amenazas legítimas a la seguridad pública por encima de personas sin antecedentes penales.
Separate commenters wrote that the policy would pave the way for widespread abuse without improving community safety, with others adding that it would impede cooperation with law enforcement, make communities less safe, and also undermine officer safety. As an alternative to the IFR, a commenter recommended concentrating on improved coordination with local law enforcement agencies on tailored cooperation and focusing resources on the most serious national security and public safety threats, rather than registering and pursuing millions of aliens indiscriminately. A different commenter suggested that policymakers should pursue immigration policies that benefit the economy and increase public safety and prioritize the removal of legitimate public safety threats over individuals without a criminal record.
Un comentarista escribió que se espera que la IFR desvíe a las fuerzas del orden de sus funciones esenciales. El comentarista advirtió que los agentes locales a quienes se les ordene hacer cumplir el requisito de portar evidencia de registro tendrían que participar en "interacciones complejas con considerables complicaciones relacionadas con la cuarta y quinta enmiendas, sin financiamiento adecuado para la capacitación en requisitos de inmigración", lo que reduciría la eficacia general de la seguridad pública. Con respecto a la policía, un comentarista declaró que no está capacitada en derecho migratorio y que podría tener dificultades para distinguir si alguien está debidamente registrado, lo que podría dar lugar a cargos falsos y litigios. El comentarista citó un informe de 2008 del Instituto Goldwater que indicaba que la eficacia del Departamento del Sheriff del Condado de Maricopa, Arizona, "se vio comprometida por prioridades mal enfocadas", incluida la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración. (página impresa 39269)
A commenter wrote that the IFR is expected to divert law enforcement from essential duties. The commenter warned that local officers directed to enforce the requirement to carry evidence of registration would need to engage in “complex interactions with considerable fourth and fifth amendment entanglements without appropriate funding for training in immigration requirements,” reducing overall public safety efficacy. With regard to police, a commenter stated that they are not trained in immigration law and may struggle to differentiate if someone is properly registered, potentially leading to false charges and litigation. The commenter cited a 2008 report from the Goldwater Institute stating that the effectiveness of the Maricopa County, Arizona Sheriff's Department “was compromised by misplaced priorities,” including immigration enforcement. ( printed page 39269)
Un comentarista declaró que los propios funcionarios encargados de hacer cumplir la ley han expresado su preocupación por el impacto de la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración en la confianza de la comunidad, en particular cuando las personas no están dispuestas o tienen miedo de llamar a la policía, denunciar que han sido víctimas o cooperar como testigos, lo cual aumenta la vulnerabilidad de todos en la ciudad ante la victimización. Un comentarista dijo que, debido a las severas sanciones por no contar con el registro, los inmigrantes serían reacios a tener cualquier contacto con los funcionarios encargados de hacer cumplir la ley, incluso si son víctimas o fueron testigos de un delito.
A commenter stated that law enforcement officials themselves have expressed concern about the impact of immigration enforcement on community trust, in particular when people are unwilling to or fearful of calling the police, report victimization, or cooperate as witnesses, it increases the vulnerability of everyone in the city to victimization. A commenter said that because of the severe penalties for not having registration, immigrants would be reluctant to have any contact with law enforcement officials, even if they are victims or witnessed a crime.
Muchos comentaristas declararon que el registro obligatorio podría disuadir a las personas de buscar servicios esenciales, solicitar ayuda o denunciar delitos. Por ejemplo, uno de esos comentaristas citó una investigación que, según el comentarista, demostraba que los miembros de la comunidad hispana tenían un 30 por ciento menos de probabilidades de denunciar delitos durante la implementación de Comunidades Seguras, un programa de 2008 que enviaba automáticamente las huellas dactilares de todos los arrestados al DHS. El mismo comentarista señaló que una revisión de la cooperación local en los programas federales de cumplimiento de la ley encontró que “ninguno redujo el delito violento [y] por el contrario, dos de los acuerdos aumentaron significativamente el riesgo de una persona de sufrir un delito violento”. Otro comentarista escribió que la norma provisional final (IFR) hace que las comunidades sean menos seguras al crear un entorno hostil para los inmigrantes, afectando tanto a los inmigrantes como a los ciudadanos estadounidenses. Dijeron que esto podría resultar en un exceso de vigilancia policial y señalaron que el registro obligatorio podría disuadir a los “no ciudadanos” de denunciar delitos, socavando así la seguridad pública y permitiendo que los delitos queden sin denunciar, lo cual afecta a la comunidad en general.
Many commenters stated that mandatory registration might deter individuals from seeking essential services, seeking help, or reporting crimes. For example, one of those commenters cited research that, per the commenter, showed that Hispanic community members were 30 percent less likely to report crimes during the implementation of Secure Communities, a 2008 program that automatically forwarded fingerprints of all arrestees to DHS. The same commenter noted that a review of local cooperation in Federal enforcement programs found that “none reduced violent crime [and] on the contrary, two of the arrangements significantly increased a person's risk of experiencing violent crime.” Another commenter wrote that the IFR makes communities less safe by creating a hostile environment for immigrants, affecting both immigrants and U.S. citizens. They said this could result in over-policing and stated that mandatory registration might deter “noncitizens” from reporting crimes, therefore undermining public safety and allowing crimes to go unreported, which impacts the broader community.
Expresando acuerdo con este punto de vista, otro comentarista escribió que habría un aumento “dramático” en la detención y la deportación. También escribieron que USCIS no considera el impacto de registros, allanamientos, detenciones y deportaciones arbitrarios y discriminatorios basados en la norma, ni los impactos sobre los “no ciudadanos” y los ciudadanos estadounidenses por igual. Numerosos comentaristas expresaron preocupación de que la norma provisional final perjudicaría o infundiría temor en las comunidades de inmigrantes. Un comentarista declaró que la norma podría causar que los extranjeros que ya están legalmente registrados mediante otros formularios de registro se sientan cada vez más temerosos e inseguros. Un comentarista escribió que el temor entre las comunidades de extranjeros se está exacerbando por la retórica “amenazante” de la administración y por las tácticas empleadas en la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración. Numerosos comentaristas plantearon preocupaciones de que el temor derivado de la norma provisional final conduciría al deterioro de la confianza en el sistema de inmigración y a posibles efectos disuasorios sobre el acceso o la disposición de los extranjeros a interactuar con los servicios públicos, la atención médica, el sistema legal o los procesos de inmigración legal. Por ejemplo, un comentarista discutió los posibles temores de que el registro pudiera exponer a las personas a futuras acciones de cumplimiento de la ley, procedimientos de deportación o trato discriminatorio, y declaró que la norma exacerba los temores, en lugar de abordar las preocupaciones legítimas de manera transparente. Otros comentaristas declararon que la norma provisional final, en general, desalentaría la participación cívica o limitaría el acceso a los servicios sociales, porque se trata a los extranjeros con sospecha, en lugar de como miembros valiosos de la sociedad.
Expressing agreement with this viewpoint, another commenter wrote that there would be a “dramatic” spike in detention and deportation. They also wrote that USCIS fails to consider the impact of arbitrary and discriminatory searches, seizures, detentions, and deportations premised on the rule and the impacts on “noncitizens” and U.S. citizens alike. Numerous commenters expressed concern that the IFR would harm or instill fear in immigrant communities. A commenter stated that the rule may cause aliens who are already legally registered using other registration forms to be increasingly fearful and uncertain. A commenter wrote that fear among alien communities is being exacerbated by the administration's “threatening” rhetoric and by the tactics employed in immigration enforcement. Numerous commenters raised concerns that fear stemming from the IFR would lead to deterioration of trust in the immigration system and potential chilling effects on aliens' access or willingness to engage with public services, health care, the legal system, or legal immigration processes. For example, a commenter discussed potential fears that registering could expose individuals to future enforcement actions, deportation proceedings, or discriminatory treatment, and stated that the rule exacerbates fears, rather than addressing legitimate concerns transparently. Other commenters stated that the IFR would generally discourage civic participation or limit access to social services, because aliens are being treated with suspicion, rather than as valued members of society.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) no está de acuerdo en que la norma provisional final afecte negativamente la seguridad pública y la participación en la seguridad comunitaria, imponga una carga indebida a las fuerzas del orden, o las desvíe del cumplimiento de sus funciones esenciales. El requisito de registro de extranjeros no es nuevo. Durante los últimos 85 años, las leyes de los Estados Unidos han exigido que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos que permanezcan 30 días o más se registren y, con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, sean registrados mediante huellas dactilares. El requisito de que los extranjeros se registren y actualicen su dirección ante el gobierno dentro de los 10 días posteriores a una mudanza, y el requisito de que los extranjeros a quienes se les emita evidencia de registro la lleven consigo, también fueron establecidos por el Congreso a mediados del siglo XX.[25] El DHS, mediante la norma provisional final y esta norma final, no ha creado estos requisitos ni ha modificado las obligaciones establecidas por el Congreso para los extranjeros. De manera similar, esta norma provisional final no creó ni modificó las sanciones penales establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas, que se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y las relacionadas con este. Esta norma es consistente con la Orden Ejecutiva 14159 y con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros establecidos en las secciones 262 a 265 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1305, y establece una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. Está dentro del control del Congreso y de su decisión de política cambiar el requisito legal de registro.
Response: DHS disagrees that the IFR negatively impacts public safety and participation in community safety, puts an undue burden on law enforcement, or would divert them from performing their essential duties. The alien registration requirement is not new. For the last 85 years, the laws of the United States have required most aliens present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register and, with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. The requirement that aliens register and update their address with the government within 10 days of moving, and the requirement that aliens issued evidence of registration carry such evidence on their person, were also established by Congress in the middle of the 20th century.[25] DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not created these requirements or modified the duties established by Congress for aliens. Similarly, this IFR did not create or modify the criminal penalties established by Congress many decades ago that apply when aliens fail to meet their registration and related obligations. This rule is consistent with E.O. 14159 and the alien registration requirements in sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305, and establishes a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. It is within Congress' control and its policy choice to change the statutory registration requirement.
Además, la norma no obliga a una aplicación adicional de la ley vigente. La norma tampoco obliga a la expulsión de ningún extranjero no autorizado del país. La norma establece que los extranjeros que no se hayan registrado por otros medios ahora pueden registrarse utilizando el Formulario G-325R. Como se explica en la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés), se espera que la norma mejore la eficacia de la aplicación de la ley del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) y proporcione información más completa sobre la ubicación de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos. Además, facilitará y hará más seguro que el DHS aplique la ley y aumentará el cumplimiento de los extranjeros con los requisitos legales de toma de huellas dactilares. Estos datos biométricos proporcionarían al Departamento información adicional sobre los antecedentes penales de un extranjero, incluso si el extranjero es un terrorista conocido o sospechoso.
Furthermore, the rule does not obligate additional enforcement of the existing statute. The rule also does not oblige the removal of any unauthorized alien from the country. The rule establishes that those aliens that have not registered through other means can now register using Form G-325R. As explained in the IFR, the rule is expected to improve DHS law enforcement efficacy and to provide more comprehensive information about the location of aliens in the United States. Further, it will make it easier and safer for DHS to enforce the law and increase alien compliance with statutory fingerprinting requirements. These biometrics would provide the Department with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist.
b. Impactos en las comunidades
b. Impacts on Communities
Comentario: Los comentaristas declararon que los programas de registro no hacen que las comunidades sean más seguras, sino que socavan el bienestar comunitario, perjudican a la comunidad, obligan a las familias a esconderse y debilitan a la comunidad en lugar de fortalecerla. Al expresar su oposición, un comentarista escribió en términos generales que la norma “atacaría a nuestra comunidad”.
Comment: Commenters stated that registration programs do not make communities safer but instead undermine community wellbeing, harm the community, drive families into hiding, and weaken the community instead of strengthening it. While expressing opposition, a commenter generally wrote that the rule would “attack our community.”
Los comentaristas también escribieron que la norma haría que las personas tuvieran miedo de enviar a sus hijos a la escuela, salir de sus hogares para ir a trabajar y contribuir a sus comunidades. Por ejemplo, un comentarista, que declaró ser maestro, dijo que un registro público de inmigrantes haría imposible que sus estudiantes asistieran a la escuela todos los días, y expresó temor por su propia seguridad si se implementara el registro.
Commenters further wrote that the rule would make people afraid to send their children to school, leave their homes to go to work, and contribute to their communities. For example, a commenter, stating that they are a teacher, said that a public registry of immigrants would make it impossible for their students to attend school every day, and they expressed fear for their own safety if the registry were implemented.
Varios comentaristas condenaron el proceso de registro propuesto como injusto e indignante, mientras que otros dijeron que desestabilizaría a las comunidades, y otro criticó la política como peligrosa, diciendo que los errores en el papeleo están perjudicando las vidas de personas inocentes. Los comentaristas agregaron que los programas de registro no hacen que las comunidades sean más seguras, sino que llevarían al desapego cívico y al desinversión comunitaria. Expresando una opinión similar, un comentarista escribió que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) impondría una burocracia poco clara y punitiva a los trabajadores inmigrantes y establece una estructura regulatoria uniforme que no distingue entre individuos de alto riesgo y bajo riesgo, ni entre quienes cuentan con protecciones legales y quienes no. Dijeron que este enfoque fomenta el desapego de los procesos legales, lo que socava tanto la seguridad pública como la participación económica.
Multiple commenters condemned the proposed registration process as unjust and infuriating, while others said it would destabilize communities, with another criticizing the policy as dangerous, saying that paperwork errors are harming innocent peoples' lives. Commenters added that registration programs do not make communities safer but instead would lead to civic disengagement and community divestment. Expressing a similar opinion, a commenter wrote that the IFR would impose unclear and punitive bureaucracy on immigrant workers and establishes a one-size-fits-all regulatory structure that does not differentiate between high-risk and low-risk individuals or those with legal protections and those without. They said this approach encourages disengagement from lawful processes, undermining both public safety and economic participation.
Los comentaristas escribieron que las personas merecen vivir de manera segura en sus comunidades, y un comentarista dijo que los inmigrantes son parte integral de todos los rincones de (página impresa 39270) la vida, incluido su vecindario. Un comentarista declaró en términos generales que se opone al registro de extranjeros, ya que sería un perjuicio para el pueblo estadounidense “implementar semejante tarea”.
Commenters wrote that people deserve to live safely in their communities, with a commenter saying immigrants are integral to all corners of ( printed page 39270) life, including their neighborhood. A commenter generally stated that they oppose the alien registration as it would be a disservice to the American people to “implement such a task.”
Refiriéndose a su experiencia personal, un comentarista declaró que vive en una ciudad con muchos extranjeros que contribuyen a la economía. Expresó preocupación por la posible separación de familias y seres queridos debido al nuevo proceso, lo cual consideró injusto. Un comentarista escribió que, con sus 45 años de experiencia fomentando el aprendizaje y la comunidad intercultural, reconoce el daño generalizado que resultaría si se implementara la Norma Final Provisional (IFR). Expresando su oposición y sin dar detalles, otro comentarista escribió que la norma es un paso más profundo hacia el fascismo y perjudicaría a las comunidades y al país en general.
Referring to personal experience, a commenter stated they live in a city with many aliens who contribute to the economy. They expressed concern about the potential separation of families and loved ones due to the new process, which they regarded as unjust. A commenter wrote that with their 45 years of experience in fostering learning and intercultural community, they recognize the widespread harm that would result if the IFR were implemented. Expressing opposition and without specifics, another commenter wrote that the rule is a step deeper into fascism and would hurt communities and the country at-large.
Los comentaristas escribieron que valoran a los inmigrantes como miembros importantes de sus comunidades y apoyan su capacidad de permanecer en los Estados Unidos mientras transitan el largo y complejo proceso de ciudadanía.
Commenters wrote that they value immigrants as important members of their communities and support their ability to remain in the United States while navigating the lengthy and complex citizenship process.
Respuesta: Esta reglamentación no ha modificado los requisitos de registro estatutarios existentes establecidos por el Congreso. Durante muchas décadas, las leyes de los Estados Unidos han exigido que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos que permanezcan 30 días o más se registren, y con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, se les tomen las huellas dactilares. El estatuto además exige que todos los extranjeros de 18 años o más en los Estados Unidos que estén obligados a registrarse deben llevar consigo en todo momento y tener en su posesión personal cualquier certificado de registro de extranjero o tarjeta de recibo de registro de extranjero que les haya sido emitido. La mayoría de los extranjeros en los Estados Unidos ya cumplían con el requisito de registro de extranjeros antes de la publicación de la IFR y la recopilación de información relacionada. La IFR llena un vacío en el régimen regulatorio del DHS al prescribir un formulario de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, y la evidencia correspondiente como prueba de ese registro. El DHS considera que esta opción general de registro puede mejorar los resultados de registro para ciertos grupos de extranjeros.
Response: This rulemaking has not changed the existing statutory registration requirements established by Congress. For many decades, the laws of the United States have required most aliens present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register, and with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. The statute further requires that all aliens 18 years or older in the United States who are required to register must at all times carry with them and have in their personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to them. Most aliens in the United States already complied with the alien registration requirement prior to the publication of the IFR and related information collection. The IFR fills a gap in the DHS's regulatory regime by prescribing a registration form available to all aliens regardless of their immigration status and corresponding evidence as proof of that registration. DHS believes that this general registration option may improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens.
c. Impacto en las comunidades académicas
c. Impact on Academic Communities
Comentario: Con respecto a las comunidades universitarias, algunos comentaristas escribieron que la matrícula estudiantil se vería afectada por la norma, y uno de ellos citó una investigación que destaca el impacto de la inmigración restrictiva en la educación. Otro comentarista dijo que los Estados Unidos es un destino principal para las personas que buscan desarrollar habilidades y participar en el intercambio intelectual, y agregó que los estudiantes, graduados e investigadores “no ciudadanos” mejoran la fuerza laboral estadounidense, la competitividad económica y el liderazgo global. El comentarista escribió que, en los campus universitarios, tanto los visitantes de corto como de largo plazo enriquecen el aprendizaje, hacen avanzar el conocimiento, impulsan la innovación y ofrecen perspectivas nuevas que benefician a las comunidades y a la nación. Además, escribieron que el requisito de registro podría desalentar a las poblaciones inmigrantes, incluidos los estudiantes, académicos y trabajadores inmigrantes, de matricularse o buscar empleo en instituciones de educación superior de los Estados Unidos. Continuaron diciendo que esta reducción en la participación afectaría negativamente a la innovación y la investigación estadounidenses, perjudicando la competitividad global. El comentarista dijo que los países con sistemas migratorios más predecibles y fácilmente comprensibles tendrían una ventaja en el reclutamiento de los mejores talentos, lo que contribuiría a las tendencias recientes en las que los estudiantes internacionales y los graduados eligen países competidores en lugar de los Estados Unidos. Además, señalaron que afectaría a las comunidades circundantes que dependen de las contribuciones económicas y sociales de los estudiantes, el profesorado y el personal. Concluyeron que los Estados Unidos corre el riesgo de perder tanto el gasto inmediato de los consumidores como las contribuciones intelectuales y sociales a largo plazo de las comunidades de “no ciudadanos”.
Comment: With regard to university communities, some commenters wrote that student enrollment would be affected by the rule, with one of those citing research highlighting the impact of restrictive immigration on education. Another commenter said the United States is a top destination for individuals seeking to build skills and engage in intellectual exchange, adding that “noncitizen” students, graduates, and researchers enhance the U.S. workforce, economic competitiveness, and global leadership. The commenter wrote that on college campuses, both short- and long-term visitors enrich learning, advance knowledge, drive innovation, and offer fresh perspectives that benefit communities and the nation. Further, they wrote that the registration requirement could discourage immigrant populations, including immigrant students, scholars, and workers, from enrolling or seeking employment at U.S. higher education institutions. They continued, saying that this reduction in participation would negatively impact U.S. innovation and research, harming global competitiveness. The commenter said that countries with more predictable and readily intelligible immigration systems would have an advantage in recruiting top talent, contributing to recent trends that see international students and graduates choosing competitor countries over the United States. Additionally, they remarked that it would affect surrounding communities that rely on the economic and social contributions of students, faculty, and staff. They concluded that the United States risks losing both immediate consumer spending and long-term intellectual and social contributions from “noncitizen” communities.
Respuesta: El DHS, con la IFR y la norma final, no ha modificado los requisitos de registro estatutarios existentes establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros. Este estatuto de larga data siempre ha dispuesto que la mayoría de los extranjeros mayores de 14 años que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos por 30 días o más deben solicitar el registro y que se les tomen las huellas dactilares antes de que expiren los 30 días. Véase INA sec. 262, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
Response: DHS, with the IFR and final rule, has not changed the existing statutory registration requirements established by Congress for aliens. This longstanding statute has always provided that most aliens over the age of 14 who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of the 30 days. See INA sec. 262, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
El DHS señala que muchos extranjeros en los Estados Unidos ya se han registrado, según lo exige la ley. Todo extranjero al que se le haya emitido una visa de inmigrante o de no inmigrante y que, en su llegada más reciente, haya sido admitido en los Estados Unidos utilizando esa visa, está registrado. Esto incluye a los extranjeros que son estudiantes no inmigrantes o visitantes de intercambio.
DHS notes that many aliens in the United States have already registered, as required by law. Any alien who was issued an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa and at his or her most recent arrival was admitted into the United States using that visa is registered. This includes aliens who are nonimmigrant students or exchange visitors.
D. Cuestiones legales y disposiciones estatutarias
D. Legal Issues and Statutory Provisions
1. Autoridad legal general y legalidad de la IFR
1. General Legal Authority and Legality of the IFR
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas discutieron y compararon el registro de extranjeros conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, con el NSEERS, un programa implementado después del 11 de septiembre, señalando que los intentos anteriores de hacer cumplir políticas similares llevaron a que se señalara, detuviera y deportara de manera desproporcionada a residentes de los Estados Unidos, y a un aumento de la discriminación.[26] Por ejemplo, un comentarista señaló que, si bien el NSEERS rara vez resultaba en un proceso penal, el enjuiciamiento es un componente importante de esta norma provisional final (IFR). Los comentaristas también manifestaron que el NSEERS generó una discriminación racial, étnica y religiosa generalizada, y muchos resultados legalmente cuestionables, incluidas posibles violaciones de la Primera y Decimocuarta Enmiendas y de los derechos civiles. Un comentarista señaló que el NSEERS resultó en que más de 13,000 personas fueran sometidas a procedimientos de remoción, sin embargo, no produjo ninguna condena por terrorismo, contrariamente al propósito declarado del programa. Comparando el NSEERS con la IFR, un comentarista señaló que un informe de la Oficina del Inspector General de 2012 determinó que el NSEERS era ineficaz y duplicaba métodos existentes y más confiables de recopilación de información. El comentarista señaló que el sistema de registro de la IFR enfrentaría problemas similares, como dificultades para que los registrantes cumplieran con los requisitos debido a interrupciones y retrasos del sistema, y otras fallas técnicas y falta de acceso (por ejemplo, barreras tecnológicas y de idioma) en su modelo exclusivamente en línea.
Comment: Many commenters discussed and compared alien registration under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, to NSEERS, a program implemented after 9/11, stating that past attempts to enforce similar policies led to the disproportionate targeting, detention and deportation of U.S. residents, and increased discrimination.[26] For example, a commenter remarked that while NSEERS rarely resulted in criminal prosecution, prosecution is a major component of this IFR. Commenters also stated that NSEERS led to prolific racial, ethnic, and religious discrimination and many legally questionable outcomes, including possible First and Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights violations. A commenter remarked that NSEERS resulted in over 13,000 people being placed in removal proceedings, yet produced no convictions for terrorism, contrary to the purported purpose of the program. Comparing NSEERS to the IFR, a commenter stated that an Office of Inspector General report in 2012 found that the NSEERS was ineffective and duplicative of existing, more reliable methods of information gathering. The commenter stated that the IFR's registration system would face similar problems, such as difficulty for registrants to adhere to requirements due to system outages and delays and other technical glitches and lack of access ( e.g., technology and language barriers) in its online-only model.
Respuesta: La IFR y esta norma final cumplen un propósito diferente al del NSEERS, el cual estableció principalmente criterios para el registro de grupos especiales conforme a la sección 263 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1303. En contraste, la IFR simplemente identifica un formulario de registro adicional relacionado con los requisitos generales de registro que ya se aplican. El objetivo de la IFR y de esta norma final es garantizar que los extranjeros cuenten con una forma sencilla de cumplir con su obligación de registrarse. El Formulario G-325R está disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, religión, nacionalidad o raza. Los comentarios relacionados con las dificultades técnicas del formulario G-325R en línea se abordan con mayor detalle en la sección III.F.2.b de este preámbulo.
Response: The IFR and this final rule serves a different purpose than NSEERS, which primarily established criteria for the registration of special groups under section 263 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1303. In contrast, the IFR merely identifies an additional registration form related to general registration requirements that already apply. The goal of the IFR and this final rule is to ensure that aliens have a straightforward way to satisfy their obligation to register. The Form G-325R is available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status, religion, nationality, or race. Comments regarding technical difficulties with the online G-325R are addressed in more detail in section III.F.2.b of this preamble.
2. Fundamento jurídico de la IFR
2. Legal Basis for the IFR
Comentario: Un comentarista indicó que, si bien la INA incluye disposiciones de registro, la IFR excedería las funciones administrativas previstas por la ley y utilizaría el registro como arma para efectuar remociones masivas. Otro comentarista escribió que la IFR excede las facultades de las secciones 262 a 264 de la INA, señalando que dichas disposiciones regulan la documentación de ingreso, no el registro retroactivo de (página impresa 39271) personas que ya residen en los Estados Unidos. Muchos comentaristas criticaron la IFR como un intento de facilitar la remoción de personas bajo la Ley de Enemigos Extranjeros,[27] la cual, según manifestaron, el Presidente ha invocado de manera ilegal o indebida, y con el propósito de aterrorizar a los extranjeros con la remoción y sanciones penales, y de remover y detener a personas sin el debido proceso basándose únicamente en el origen nacional o en amenazas percibidas. Otro comentarista escribió que el Departamento no debería implementar ningún requisito de registro hasta que la administración "cumpla con las leyes, normas, reglamentos y órdenes judiciales existentes".
Comment: A commenter indicated that while the INA includes registration provisions, the IFR would exceed the law's intended administrative functions and would weaponize registration to effect mass removals. Another commenter wrote that the IFR exceeds sections 262 through 264 of the INA authorities, remarking that those provisions govern entry documentation, not retroactive registration of ( printed page 39271) individuals already residing in the United States. Many commenters criticized the IFR as an attempt to facilitate the removal of individuals under the Alien Enemies Act,[27] which they stated the President has invoked illegally or improperly, and for the purpose of terrorizing aliens with removal and criminal penalties, and removing and detaining individuals without due process solely based on national origin or perceived threats Another commenter wrote that the Department should not implement any registration requirements until the administration “complies with existing laws, rules, regulations, and court orders.”
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo con la afirmación de que la intención de la IFR sea "utilizar el registro como arma para efectuar remociones masivas", o de aterrorizar a los extranjeros o removerlos sin el debido proceso. Esta norma tampoco está relacionada con la Ley de Enemigos Extranjeros. La sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, simplemente exige el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de los extranjeros que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos por 30 días o más, lo cual se encuentra plenamente dentro de la prerrogativa soberana de esta nación de exigirlo. Esta norma aborda un vacío en el régimen regulatorio existente y garantiza que todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, cuenten con una forma de cumplir con su deber conforme a la ley. El Departamento tiene el deber de implementar los requisitos de registro, y de administrar y hacer cumplir todas las leyes de inmigración de los Estados Unidos.
Response: DHS disagrees with the assertion that the intent of the IFR is to “weaponize registration to effect mass removals,” or to terrorize aliens or remove them without due process. This rule is also unrelated to the Alien Enemies Act. Section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, simply requires registration and fingerprinting of aliens in the United States for 30 days or more, which is well within this nation's sovereign prerogative to require. This rule addresses a gap in the existing regulatory regime and ensures that all aliens, regardless of their immigration status, have a way to comply with their duty under the law. The Department has a duty to implement the registration requirements and administer and enforce all the immigration laws of the United States.
a. Alegaciones de que la norma se basa en leyes obsoletas o racistas
a. Claims That the Rule Is Based on Outdated or Racist Laws
Comentario: Varios comentaristas expresaron su oposición al registro de extranjeros citando ejemplos del uso histórico del registro como explicación de por qué creen que la IFR (Norma Final Provisional) resultaría en violaciones y daños a las comunidades inmigrantes y estadounidenses, así como al Gobierno Federal, y por qué el registro es un método ineficaz para mantener la seguridad de los Estados Unidos. Por ejemplo, un comentarista escribió que durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la Ley de Registro de Extranjeros de 1940 (Alien Registration Act of 1940) exigía que los extranjeros se registraran ante el Gobierno Federal o enfrentaran prisión o multa. Específicamente en relación con la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los comentaristas señalaron que para principios de 1942, el Departamento de Justicia de los Estados Unidos (DOJ) había arrestado a 2,192 nacionales japoneses, 1,393 nacionales alemanes y 264 nacionales italianos, y que esta ley también condujo al internamiento de más de 120,000 personas de ascendencia japonesa, incluidos ciudadanos estadounidenses. Varios comentaristas expresaron de manera similar preocupaciones generales sobre que el Departamento invocara el estatuto que condujo al uso del internamiento durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial para cuestiones migratorias modernas. Citando investigaciones, los comentaristas indicaron que los internamientos en los Estados Unidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial causaron un trauma con efectos duraderos, y que posteriormente se determinó que no estaban respaldados por necesidad militar. Los comentaristas escribieron que el racismo, la histeria de guerra y el fracaso del liderazgo político condujeron a una grave injusticia contra las comunidades.
Comment: Several commenters expressed their opposition to the registration of aliens by citing to examples of historic use of registration as an explanation as to why they believe that the IFR would result in violations and harm to the immigrant and U.S. communities, as well as the Federal Government, and why registration is an ineffective method of keeping the United States safe. For example, a commenter wrote that during World War II the Alien Registration Act of 1940 required aliens to register with the Federal Government or face imprisonment or fine. Specifically relating to World War II, commenters noted that by early 1942, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) had arrested 2,192 Japanese, 1,393 German, and 264 Italian nationals, and that this law also led to the internment of over 120,000 individuals of Japanese descent, including U.S. citizens. Several commenters similarly expressed general concerns about the Department invoking the statute that led to internment use during World War II for modern immigration issues. Citing to research, commenters indicated that U.S. internments during World War II caused trauma with long-lasting effect, and were later found to not be supported by military necessity. Commenters wrote that racism, war hysteria, and failure of political leadership led to grave injustice to communities.
Un comentarista declaró que, si bien la Corte Suprema originalmente confirmó la práctica del encarcelamiento de miles de residentes japoneses durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial en el caso Korematsu v. United States (1944),[28] repudió esa decisión en Trump v. Hawaii (2018),[29] cuando la primera administración Trump citó a Korematsu en su defensa en una demanda sobre una prohibición de viaje a ciertos grupos de personas.[30] Los comentaristas también señalaron que la narrativa de la "invasión" ha sido parte de la retórica xenófoba, discriminatoria y antiinmigrante durante más de un siglo, citando ejemplos como la "Invasión China" de 1873 que incitó el odio contra los inmigrantes chinos y allanó el camino para la Ley de Exclusión China de 1882 (Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882) o la Ley de Inmigración de 1924 (Immigration Act of 1924). Otros comentaristas declararon que la IFR reaviva una política de la era de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, originalmente invocada en tiempos de guerra, que según ellos ya no se alinea con los valores y necesidades de una sociedad moderna y diversa.
A commenter stated that while the Supreme Court originally upheld the practice of the imprisonment of thousands of Japanese residents during World War II in Korematsu v. United States (1944),[28] it repudiated that decision in Trump v. Hawaii (2018),[29] when the first Trump administration cited to Korematsu in its defense in a lawsuit over a travel ban on certain people groups.[30] Commenters also remarked that the “invasion” narrative has been part of xenophobic, discriminatory, and anti-immigrant rhetoric for over a century, citing to examples such as the “Chinese Invasion” in 1873 that incited hate against Chinese immigrants and paved the way for the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 or the Immigration Act of 1924. Other commenters stated that the IFR reanimates a World War II-era policy originally invoked during a time of war, which they said no longer aligns with the values and needs of a modern and diverse society.
Respuesta: El 20 de enero de 2025, el presidente Trump emitió la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, Protección del Pueblo Estadounidense Contra la Invasión (Protecting the American People Against Invasion), que ordenó al DHS garantizar que los extranjeros cumplan con su deber legal, según lo dispuesto por el Congreso, de registrarse ante el gobierno conforme a las secciones 262 a 265 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1305. Véase 90 FR 8443, 8444 (29 de enero de 2025). El presidente además ordenó al DHS y al DOJ garantizar que el incumplimiento del requisito de registro se trate como una prioridad de aplicación civil y penal. Véase 90 FR 8443, 8444 (29 de enero de 2025).
Response: On January 20, 2025, President Trump issued E.O. 14159, Protecting the American People Against Invasion, which directed DHS to ensure that aliens comply with their statutory duty, as provided by Congress, to register with the government under sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305. See90 FR 8443, 8444 (Jan. 29, 2025). The President further directed DHS and DOJ to ensure that failure to comply with the registration requirement is treated as a civil and criminal enforcement priority. See90 FR 8443, 8444 (Jan. 29, 2025).
Muchos extranjeros en los Estados Unidos ya se han registrado, según lo exige la ley, a través de diversas vías identificadas en 8 CFR 264.1 o mediante el proceso de solicitud de visa ante el Departamento de Estado. Sin embargo, un número significativo de extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos, incluidos muchos que no han sido previamente encontrados por el DHS, no tienen una forma sencilla de registrarse y cumplir con sus obligaciones de registro conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. A pesar de la historia citada en los comentarios, el Congreso incluyó específicamente los requisitos de registro de extranjeros en la INA de 1952, mucho después de que hubiera terminado la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El Congreso tomó la decisión de política de exigir el registro; el DHS simplemente está administrando y haciendo cumplir requisitos legales de larga data, de conformidad con la directiva del presidente. El propósito de establecer el nuevo formulario, G-325R, Información Biométrica (Registro), no es dirigirse a grupos raciales ni con otros fines discriminatorios, sino crear un proceso en línea mediante el cual los extranjeros no registrados puedan registrarse y cumplir con las disposiciones de registro de extranjeros de la INA. Como se explica en la IFR, el DHS considera que uno de los beneficios de la designación de una opción de formulario de registro general es que mejorará los resultados de registro para los extranjeros, lo que a su vez resultará en una mejor eficacia en la aplicación de la ley. Véase 90 FR 11793, 11797 (12 de marzo de 2025).
Many aliens in the United States have already registered, as required by law, through a variety of pathways identified in 8 CFR 264.1 or through the visa application process with State. However, a significant number of aliens present in the United States, including many who have not previously been encountered by DHS, have no straightforward way to register and meet their registration obligations under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Despite the history cited in the comments, Congress specifically included alien registration requirements in the INA of 1952, well after World War II had ended. Congress made the policy choice to require registration; DHS is merely administering and enforcing longstanding legal requirements, consistent with the President's direction. The purpose of establishing the new form, G-325R, Biometric Information (Registration), is not to target racial groups or for other discriminatory purposes, but to create an online process by which unregistered aliens may register and comply with the alien registration provisions of the INA. As explained in the IFR, DHS does believe that one of the benefits of the designation of a general registration form option is that it will improve the registration outcomes for aliens, which in turn will result in improved law enforcement efficacy. See90 FR 11793, 11797 (Mar. 12, 2025).
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas expresaron su preocupación con respecto al fundamento jurídico de la norma, y muchos señalaron que los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA: (1) son obsoletos o no están alineados con el panorama migratorio actual; (2) se originaron en un contexto histórico diferente; (3) no son adecuados para abordar el sistema de inmigración actual de los Estados Unidos; o (4) no se alinean con los valores modernos de inclusión, equidad y derechos humanos. Los comentaristas señalaron que los Estados Unidos ha abandonado efectivamente el registro universal durante los últimos 75 años, y que tras la reforma integral de la legislación federal de inmigración en 1952 y 1965, el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos trasladó el registro hacia solicitudes de inmigración regularizadas y hacia la aplicación de la ley.
Comment: Many commenters expressed concern with the statutory basis for the rule, with many stating that the alien registration requirements of the INA: (1) are obsolete or misaligned with the current immigration landscape; (2) originated in a different historical context; (3) are not well suited to address the current U.S. immigration system; or (4) do not align with modern values of inclusivity, fairness, and human rights. Commenters stated that the United States has effectively abandoned universal registration for the past 75 years, and that after the overhaul of federal immigration law in 1952 and 1965, the U.S. Government shifted registration into regularized immigration applications and enforcement.
Muchos comentaristas consideraron que el registro obligatorio no es proporcional ni refleja la legislación y la práctica migratoria modernas, y que es contrario a la intención de nuestras leyes actuales. Por ejemplo, los comentaristas señalaron que la IFR básicamente revive una política considerada innecesaria (página impresa 39272) e irrelevante para el marco de inmigración de la posguerra del país. Los comentaristas, al expresar sus inquietudes con respecto a la IFR, señalaron que la Ley de Registro de Extranjeros de 1940 (también conocida como la Ley Smith) había estado inactiva, y no se había puesto en práctica a tal escala como la IFR desde 1940, y que tendría costos económicos y sociales negativos mientras proporcionaría beneficios mínimos para los estadounidenses y para los Estados Unidos. Los comentaristas señalaron de manera similar que la IFR marca una desviación marcada de la aplicación limitada del estatuto de registro durante los últimos 80 años y que el proceso de registro independiente de la era de la Segunda Guerra Mundial reflejado en el estatuto ha sido abandonado desde 1950.
Many commenters believed that mandatory registration is not commensurate with, nor reflective of, modern immigration law and practice, and is contrary to the intent of our current laws. For example, commenters remarked that the IFR essentially revives a policy deemed unnecessary ( printed page 39272) and irrelevant to the country's postwar immigration framework. Commenters, expressing concerns with the IFR, stated that the Alien Registration Act of 1940 (also known as the Smith Act) had been dormant, and not operationalized on such a large scale as the IFR since 1940, and that it would have negative economic and societal costs while providing minimal benefits to Americans and the United States. Commenters similarly remarked that the IFR marks a stark departure from the narrow application of the registration statute over the past 80 years and that the World War II-era independent registration process reflected in the statute has been abandoned since 1950.
Otros comentaristas escribieron que la administración está “convirtiendo en arma leyes antes inaplicables y obsoletas” arraigadas en la xenofobia de tiempos de guerra, y que, con la IFR, está socavando la democracia, la libertad y los derechos humanos, y está propagando políticas migratorias “inhumanas y racistas”. Los comentaristas sugirieron que el DHS elimine por completo el 8 CFR parte 264 debido a la “obsolescencia del régimen jurídico subyacente”.
Other commenters wrote that the administration is “weaponizing once unenforceable and obsolete laws” rooted in wartime xenophobia, and with the IFR, is undermining democracy, freedom, and human rights, and is proliferating “inhumane and racist” immigration policies. Commenters suggested that DHS remove 8 CFR part 264 entirely due to the “obsolescence of the underlying legal regime.”
Algunos comentaristas señalaron que la IFR es una forma inapropiada de aplicar la Ley Smith en el contexto migratorio actual, debido a que el país no está en guerra y el propósito e intención de la Ley Smith, que se basaba en las políticas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, era proteger a los Estados Unidos de una posible invasión por parte de una potencia enemiga e impedir que los comunistas que buscaban derrocar al Gobierno de los Estados Unidos inmigraran. Por lo tanto, los comentaristas concluyeron que la Ley Smith fue creada en un contexto sumamente diferente, mientras que las circunstancias actuales involucran a personas y familias que han estado viviendo y contribuyendo a la sociedad durante años, incluidas aquellas que están esperando una resolución con respecto a su estatus de asilado o refugiado. En vista de estas inquietudes, muchos comentaristas señalaron que el requisito de registro debería ser revocado o modificado. Un comentarista sugirió que el Congreso debería tener una “discusión adecuada” sobre esta y otras políticas migratorias.
Some commenters stated that the IFR is an inappropriate way to apply the Smith Act in today's immigration context because the country is not at war and the Smith Act's purpose and intent, which was based on World War II policies, was to protect the United States from potential invasion by an enemy power and prevent communists who sought to overthrow the U.S. Government from immigrating. Thus, commenters concluded that the Smith Act was created in a vastly different context, while the current circumstances involve individuals and families who have been living and contributing to society for years, including those who are waiting for a resolution regarding their asylee or refugee status. In light of these concerns, many commenters stated that the registration requirement should be either rescinded or modified. A commenter suggested that Congress should have a “proper discussion” around this and other immigration policies.
Un comentarista escribió que, si bien los requisitos de registro se añadieron a la INA en 1952, el gobierno no había aprovechado anteriormente estas disposiciones para respaldar un proceso de registro nacional separado aplicable a todos los extranjeros. En cambio, señaló el comentarista, las normas del DHS han identificado varios formularios de inmigración que constituyen evidencia de registro, tales como el Formulario I-94 (Registro de Entrada/Salida), el Formulario I-862 (NTA), el Formulario I-766 (EAD) y el Formulario I-551 (Tarjeta de Residente Permanente), entre otros. El comentarista expresó su preocupación de que, antes de la IFR, el gobierno no mantenía otro proceso para que las personas no cubiertas por los formularios enumerados se registraran, y sin embargo, esta norma exigiría a millones de personas, incluidos niños, interpretar las complejas disposiciones de la IFR y completar un formulario separado solicitando información relevante para sus casos de alivio migratorio, sin orientación ni asistencia legal.
A commenter wrote that while registration requirements were added to the INA in 1952, the government has not previously leveraged these provisions to support a separate, national registration process applicable to all aliens. Instead, the commenter said, DHS regulations have identified various immigration forms that constitute evidence of registration, such as Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record), Form I-862 (NTA), Form I-766 (EAD), and Form I-551 (Permanent Resident Card), among others. The commenter expressed concern that, prior to the IFR, the government did not maintain another process for individuals not covered by the enumerated forms to register, yet, this rule would require millions of people, including children, to interpret the IFR's complex provisions and complete a separate form requesting information with bearing on their cases for immigration relief, without guidance or legal assistance.
Respuesta: Desde 1940, las leyes de los Estados Unidos han exigido que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos que permanezcan 30 días o más se registren, y con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, que se les tomen las huellas dactilares. El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) coincide en que la ley fue promulgada en un momento diferente de la historia, pero esto es cierto en el caso de muchas leyes y muchas disposiciones de la INA. Desde que el Congreso promulgó por primera vez la Ley Smith, el Congreso ha codificado los requisitos de registro de extranjeros en la INA en 1952 y posteriormente ha enmendado la INA en numerosas ocasiones sin eliminar estos requisitos. Para ofrecer una lista no exhaustiva, el Congreso enmendó la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, en 1994, véase Public Law 103-416, title II, sec. 219(n) (25 de octubre de 1994) (corrección técnica); en 1988, véase Public Law 100-525, sec. 8(h) (24 de octubre de 1988) (añadiendo autoridad para exención de toma de huellas dactilares); y en 1986, véase Public Law 99-653, sec. 9 (14 de noviembre de 1986) (corrección técnica). Y el Congreso enmendó la sección 264 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304, en 1996, véase Public Law 104-208, Div. C, title IV, sec. 415 (30 de septiembre de 1996) (autoridad para exigir a los extranjeros que proporcionen sus números de Seguro Social (SSN)), y en 1990, véase Public Law 101-649, title V, sec. 503(b)(2) (29 de noviembre de 1990) (añadiendo referencia al intercambio de información conforme a la sección 287(f)(2) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2)). Y como parte de una ley de 2008 que extendió las leyes de inmigración de los Estados Unidos a la Mancomunidad de las Islas Marianas del Norte, el Congreso otorgó al Secretario autoridad adicional en materia de registro de extranjeros y específicamente aclaró que "nada en este párrafo modificará o limitará la sección 262 de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad (8 U.S.C. 1302) ni ninguna otra disposición de la Ley de Inmigración y Nacionalidad relacionada con el registro de extranjeros". 48 U.S.C. 1806(e)(3).
Response: Since 1940, the laws of the United States have required most aliens present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register, and with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. DHS agrees that the law was enacted at a different time in history, but this is true of many laws and many provisions of the INA. Since the time Congress first enacted the Smith Act, Congress has codified alien registration requirements into the INA in 1952 and subsequently amended the INA many times without eliminating these requirements. To offer a non-exhaustive list, Congress amended section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, in 1994, see Public Law 103-416, title II, sec. 219(n) (Oct. 25, 1994) (technical correction); in 1988, see Public Law 100-525, sec. 8(h) (Oct. 24, 1988) (adding fingerprinting waiver authority); and in 1986, see Public Law 99-653, sec. 9 (Nov. 14, 1986) (technical correction). And Congress amended section 264 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304 in 1996, seePublic Law 104-208, Div. C, title IV, sec. 415 (Sept. 30, 1996) (authority to require aliens to provide their Social Security numbers (SSNs)), and in 1990, see Public Law 101-649, title V, sec. 503(b)(2) (Nov. 29, 1990) (adding reference to information sharing under section 287(f)(2) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2)). And as part of a 2008 law extending U.S. immigration laws to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Congress provided the Secretary with additional alien registration authority and specifically clarified that “[n]othing in this paragraph shall modify or limit section 262 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1302) or other provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act relating to the registration of aliens.” 48 U.S.C. 1806(e)(3).
El DHS y el Departamento de Estado (State) han continuado a lo largo de los años ofreciendo formas para que muchos extranjeros se registren, proporcionando varias vías para hacerlo, y han realizado cambios en las disposiciones de registro contenidas en los reglamentos para reflejar los procedimientos y procesos actuales. Sin embargo, tras la emisión de la Orden Ejecutiva (E.O.) 14159, el DHS tuvo conocimiento de que existía un vacío en el régimen regulatorio vigente que dificultaba que algunos extranjeros cumplieran con el requisito de registro. Al Presidente se le encomienda velar por que las leyes se ejecuten fielmente, y al establecer este formulario y proceso de registro general, el DHS está ejecutando fielmente dichas leyes.
DHS and State have continued over the years to provide ways for many aliens to register by providing several pathways to do so and made changes to the registration provisions in the regulations to reflect current procedures and processes. However, following the issuance of E.O. 14159, DHS was aware that there was a gap in the existing regulatory regime that made it difficult for some aliens to comply with the registration requirement. The President is charged with taking care that the laws be faithfully executed, and by establishing this general registration form and process, DHS is faithfully executing these laws.
Comentario: Un comentarista enumeró otras leyes o programas estadounidenses que comparó con la IFR y que, según afirmó, eran discriminatorios, incluyendo la Ley Johnson-Reed (1924), la Regla de Parientes (Relatives Rule) (1941) y los programas Bracero (1917-21 y 1942-64). Otros comentaristas, si bien criticaron el fundamento legal y constitucional de la IFR, la compararon con regímenes legales históricamente discriminatorios en el extranjero, como los de la Alemania nazi o la Sudáfrica de la era del apartheid.
Comment: A commenter listed other U.S. laws or programs that they compared to the IFR and that they said were discriminatory, including the Johnson-Reed Act (1924), the Relatives Rule (1941), and the Bracero programs (1917-21 and 1942-64). Other commenters, while criticizing the legal and constitutional basis for the IFR, likened it to historical discriminatory legal regimes abroad, such as those in Nazi Germany or apartheid-era South Africa.
Respuesta: Los regímenes históricamente discriminatorios en el extranjero no se corresponden con el requisito de registro de extranjeros. Además, el DHS no está de acuerdo en que las leyes o programas estadounidenses citados por el comentarista sean comparables con el requisito de registro de extranjeros. A diferencia del requisito de registro de extranjeros, las leyes o programas referenciados fueron derogados o no fueron incorporados a la INA. El requisito de registro de extranjeros fue incorporado a la INA y actualizado periódicamente por el Congreso, con las actualizaciones más recientes en la década de 1990.[31]
Response: The historically discriminatory regimes abroad do not correlate to the alien registration requirement. Furthermore, DHS disagrees that the U.S. laws or programs cited by the commenter are comparable to the alien registration requirement. Unlike the alien registration requirement, the referenced laws or programs were either repealed or were not incorporated into the INA. The alien registration requirement was incorporated into the INA periodically updated by Congress, with the most recent updates in the 1990s.[31]
b. E.O. 14159, Sec. 7
b. E.O. 14159, Sec. 7
Comentario: Un comentarista objetó la IFR, afirmando que se basa en una E.O. que contiene "mandatos amplios y lenguaje inflamatorio y xenófobo". Cuestionando el fundamento legal de la norma, un comentarista declaró que la E.O. que la norma implementa es ilegal. El comentarista escribió que la E.O. busca caracterizar la migración "lícita y necesaria" impulsada por la persecución, la guerra, la hambruna y los desastres naturales como una "invasión". El comentarista agregó que si la verdadera intención del gobierno fuera expulsar a delincuentes violentos, podría lograrlo mediante la verificación cruzada con las bases de datos criminales estatales y enfocándose en expulsar a esas personas. En cambio, escribió el comentarista, la IFR criminalizaría a los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo. Otros comentaristas afirmaron que la E.O. "se funda inherentemente en prejuicios raciales".
Comment: A commenter objected to the IFR, stating that it is based on an E.O. containing “broad mandates and inflammatory, xenophobic language.” Questioning the legal basis of the rule, a commenter stated that the E.O. that the rule implements is unlawful. The commenter wrote that the E.O. seeks to characterize “lawful and necessary” migration driven by persecution, war, famine, and natural disasters as an “invasion.” The commenter added that if the government's true intent were to remove violent criminals, it could accomplish this by cross-referencing State criminal databases and focusing on removing these individuals. Instead, the commenter wrote, the IFR would criminalize refugees and asylum seekers. Other commenters stated that the E.O. is “inherently founded in race-based prejudice.”
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo con los comentaristas y señala que las opciones de lenguaje en la Orden Ejecutiva no tienen impacto en la legalidad de la implementación de la sección 7 de la Orden Ejecutiva, la cual simplemente ordena al DHS y a otras agencias ejecutar fielmente (página impresa 39273) las leyes establecidas por el Congreso relacionadas con el registro de extranjeros.
Response: DHS disagrees with the commenters and notes that the language choices in the E.O. have no impact on the lawfulness of implementing section 7 of the E.O., which merely directs DHS and other agencies to faithfully execute ( printed page 39273) the laws established by Congress relating to alien registration.
c. Doctrina de las Cuestiones Mayores e Intención del Congreso
c. Major Questions Doctrine and Congressional Intent
Comentario: Los comentaristas indicaron que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR) aborda una cuestión de importancia nacional considerable y no cuenta con un respaldo claro de autorización congresional expresa, de modo que los tribunales deberían aplicar la "doctrina de las cuestiones mayores" al evaluar la legalidad de la norma. Un comentarista razonó que la IFR impone una obligación de registro que afecta entre 2.2 y 3.2 millones de personas, con el propósito probable de expulsar a personas y conferir sanciones penales a quienes no se registren. Este comentarista, así como otros, indicó que la IFR criminaliza efectivamente el estatus migratorio irregular, el cual históricamente ha sido una infracción civil. El comentarista escribió que el Congreso había considerado crear sanciones penales por presencia irregular en los Estados Unidos en la Ley de Protección Fronteriza, Antiterrorismo y Control de la Inmigración Ilegal de 2005, pero rechazó hacerlo.
Comment: Commenters indicated that the IFR addresses a question of major national significance and is not clearly supported by clear congressional authorization, such that courts should apply the “major questions doctrine” when evaluating the rule's lawfulness. A commenter reasoned that the IFR imposes a registration obligation that impacts between 2.2 and 3.2 million people, with the likely purpose of removing individuals and conferring criminal penalties on those who fail to register. This commenter, as well as others, stated that the IFR effectively criminalizes unlawful status, which has historically been a civil offense. The commenter wrote that Congress had considered creating criminal penalties for unlawful presence in the United States in the Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 but rejected doing so.
El comentarista observó que la supuesta omisión del Congreso de penalizar la presencia irregular, combinada con el cambio general y de larga data en el uso del registro, indicaba que la creación por parte de la IFR de dichas sanciones penales es contraria a la intención del Congreso y al propósito del estatuto. Citando West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. 697 (2022), el comentarista opinó que la IFR utiliza una disposición de seguridad nacional obsoleta y en desuso para efectuar un cambio de política importante, lo que vulnera la doctrina de las cuestiones mayores. Por lo tanto, el comentarista concluyó que estos asuntos deberían dejarse a consideración del Congreso para su legislación.
The commenter observed that Congress' alleged failure to criminalize unlawful presence, combined with the general and long-standing shift in the use of registration, indicated that the IFR creating such criminal penalties is contrary to congressional intent and the purpose of the statute. Citing West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. 697 (2022), the commenter opined that the IFR uses an outdated and dormant national security provision to effect a major policy change, violating the major questions doctrine. Therefore, the commenter concluded that its issues should be left to Congress to consider for legislation.
Un comentarista indicó que la IFR creó un "sistema de registro de dos vías" bajo el cual un extranjero admitiría el delito de entrada ilegal al presentar el Formulario G-325R o sería culpable de no registrarse. El comentarista sugirió que este enfoque es incompatible con "el sistema de registro de una sola vía creado por el Congreso", bajo el cual el Congreso contempló que los extranjeros podrían registrarse sin necesidad de admitir ningún delito.
A commenter stated that the IFR created a “two-track registration system” under which an alien would either admit to the crime of illegal entry by submitting Form G-325R or be guilty of failing to register. The commenter suggested that this approach is inconsistent with “the single-track registration system created by Congress,” under which Congress contemplated that aliens would be able to register without needing to admit to any crimes.
Algunos comentaristas indicaron que la IFR representa una "traición" a la misión que el Congreso encomendó a USCIS como agencia de beneficios y adjudicaciones migratorias, en la medida en que el registro es una herramienta de aplicación de la ley migratoria para el DHS y la administración.
A few commenters stated that the IFR represents a “betrayal” of the mission with which Congress charged USCIS as an immigration benefits and adjudications agency, insofar as registration is an immigration enforcement tool for DHS and the administration.
Respuesta: En relación con la doctrina de las cuestiones mayores,[32] el Congreso, en las secciones 262 a 265 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1305, autorizó y ordenó específicamente al DHS [33] registrar a los extranjeros, y en la sección 264 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304, prescribir formularios para el registro de extranjeros conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, y acciones relacionadas.[34] El Congreso también ordenó específicamente al DHS incluir, en los formularios de registro de extranjeros, preguntas sobre "la fecha y el lugar de entrada del extranjero a los Estados Unidos". Sección 264(a)(1) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a)(1). La decisión de ofrecer un formulario de registro a quienes deben registrarse, e incluir en dicho formulario las preguntas que el Congreso exigió que el DHS formulara, no involucra la doctrina de las cuestiones mayores, y el DHS no está de acuerdo con la caracterización que hace el comentarista de esta norma como una acción de importancia política o económica considerable según lo descrito en West Virginia. Sin embargo, incluso si el asunto fuera de gran importancia política o económica, contaría con el respaldo de una autorización congresional expresa.
Response: In relation to the major questions doctrine,[32] Congress, in sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305, specifically authorized and directed DHS [33] to register aliens, and in section 264 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304, to prescribe forms for the registration of aliens under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, and related actions.[34] Congress also specifically directed DHS to include, on alien registration forms, inquiries into “the date and place of entry of the alien into the United States.” INA sec. 264(a)(1), 8 U.S.C. 1304(a)(1). The decision to offer a registration form to those who must register, and to include on that form the questions that Congress required DHS to ask, does not implicate the major questions doctrine and DHS disagrees with the commenter's characterization of this rule as an action of major political or economic significance as described in West Virginia. However, even if the matter were of great political or economic significance, it would be supported by clear congressional authorization.
Sin embargo, como se explica en el preámbulo de la IFR, los estatutos federales han exigido, desde 1940 de manera general, que los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más se registren y proporcionen sus huellas dactilares.
However, as explained in the preamble to the IFR, Federal statutes have, since 1940, generally required aliens present in the United States for 30 days or more to register and be fingerprinted.
DHS tampoco está de acuerdo en que esta norma penalice el estatus o la presencia ilegal en los Estados Unidos. La INA ha contenido durante mucho tiempo disposiciones que penalizan diversas formas de conducta relacionada con la inmigración. Véase, por ejemplo, las secciones 264(e), 366, 272-278 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), 1306, 1322-1328. Por lo tanto, aunque el comentarista tiene razón en que las infracciones migratorias a menudo se tratan como asuntos civiles, cualquier responsabilidad penal que tema el comentarista existe, no obstante, en virtud de disposiciones legales de larga data. Nada en la IFR, al designar un formulario de registro y evidencia de registro como un medio general para que las personas cumplan con el requisito legal de registro, se desvía de manera inadmisible de la intención del Congreso o del significado llano del estatuto.
DHS also disagrees that this rule criminalizes unlawful status or presence in the United States. The INA has long contained provisions criminalizing various forms of immigration-related conduct. See, e.g., INA secs. 264(e), 366, 272-278, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), 1306, 1322-1328. Thus, although the commenter is correct that immigration violations are often handled as civil matters, any criminal liability feared by the commenter nevertheless exists by virtue of longstanding statutory provisions. Nothing in the IFR, by designating a registration form and evidence of registration as a general means for individuals to comply with the statutory registration requirement, impermissibly deviates from congressional intent or the plain meaning of the statute.
d. Otros comentarios sobre la autoridad y la alineación con los estatutos habilitantes
d. Other Comments on Authority and Alignment With Authorizing Statutes
Comentario: Un comentarista declaró que el “nuevo requisito de registro” es “redundante”, porque la sección 262(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a), ya exige que los extranjeros cubiertos se registren. Un comentarista escribió que el autorregistro no es necesario para hacer cumplir el esquema legal, afirmando que el interés del gobierno, “la penalización de los no ciudadanos sin el registro adecuado”, no es significativo, ya que muchos estados ya proporcionan una tarjeta de identificación (ID) para extranjeros. Los comentaristas también señalaron que el propósito del registro no es detectar y procesar a extranjeros delincuentes, sino más bien penalizar a todos los extranjeros que no tengan el Formulario G-325R.
Comment: A commenter stated that the “new registration requirement” is “redundant,” because section 262(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a), already requires covered aliens to register. A commenter wrote that self-registration is not necessary to enforce the statutory scheme, stating that the government's interest—“the criminalization of non-citizens without proper registration”—is not significant, as many States already provide an identification card (ID) for aliens. Commenters also stated that the purpose of registration is not to detect and prosecute criminal aliens, but rather, to criminalize all aliens who do not have the Form G-325R.
Respuesta: El requisito de registro no es nuevo ni redundante. El Congreso estableció el requisito en la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, y ordenó al DHS implementar el requisito. El DHS designó el nuevo formulario de registro para abordar una brecha en el régimen regulatorio existente relacionado con el registro y permitir que todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus, cumplan con su deber de registrarse conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. El DHS tiene la obligación de ejecutar fielmente las leyes establecidas por el Congreso, incluido el requisito de registro de extranjeros, independientemente de otras identificaciones proporcionadas por los estados. En respuesta al comentario específico sobre la penalización de “todos los extranjeros que no tengan” la nueva evidencia de registro, esto es inexacto. Muchos extranjeros dentro de los Estados Unidos ya están registrados y cuentan con evidencia de registro sin necesidad de utilizar el nuevo formulario y proceso.
Response: The registration requirement is not new or redundant. Congress prescribed the requirement in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, and directed DHS to implement the requirement. DHS designated the new registration form to address a gap in the existing regulatory regime relating to registration and allow all aliens, regardless of their status, to fulfill their duty to register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. DHS has the obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including the alien registration requirement, regardless of other ID provided by States. In response to the specific comment about the criminalization of “all aliens who do not have” the new evidence of registration, this is inaccurate. Many aliens inside the United States are already registered and have evidence of registration without the need to utilize the new form and process.
e. Asuntos legales para sobrevivientes de violencia doméstica, agresión sexual y trata de personas
e. Legal Issues for Survivors of Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, and Human Trafficking
Comentario: Los comentaristas analizaron la historia de la legislación que proporciona protecciones para sobrevivientes de violencia doméstica, agresión sexual, trata de personas y otros delitos graves, tales como la VAWA y la VTVPA. Los comentaristas señalaron que hace más de 30 años, un Congreso bipartidista reconoció los riesgos que enfrentan los extranjeros que son (página impresa 39274) sobrevivientes inmigrantes cuando promulgó la VAWA, que creó protecciones migratorias para los sobrevivientes que sufren maltrato o crueldad extrema, permitiéndoles solicitar alivio migratorio sin el conocimiento o consentimiento de la pareja abusiva, dándoles un camino hacia la seguridad y la independencia. Los comentaristas continuaron, escribiendo que el Congreso fortaleció las protecciones a través de la VTVPA, que creó el estatus de no inmigrante T (“visa T”) para víctimas de trata de personas y el estatus de no inmigrante U (“visa U”) para víctimas de ciertos delitos calificados que estén dispuestas a cooperar con las fuerzas del orden. Los comentaristas criticaron la IFR, afirmando que ignora la intención del Congreso respecto de estas leyes al exponer a los sobrevivientes de violencia a la aplicación de las leyes migratorias antes de que se resuelvan sus casos y los priva de las protecciones que el Congreso creó explícitamente para ellos. Un comentarista enfatizó la importancia histórica de las protecciones de la VAWA y la VTVPA e instó al DHS a respetarlas.
Comment: Commenters discussed the history of legislation providing protections for survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, human trafficking, and other serious crimes, such as VAWA and the VTVPA. The commenters remarked that over 30 years ago, a bipartisan Congress recognized the risks faced by aliens who are ( printed page 39274) immigrant survivors when it enacted VAWA, which created immigration protections for survivors who experience battery or extreme cruelty that allow them to apply for immigration relief without the knowledge or consent of the abusive partner, giving them a path to safety and independence. The commenters continued, writing that Congress strengthened protections through VTVPA, which created the T nonimmigrant status (“T visa”) for victims of trafficking and the U nonimmigrant status (“U visa”) for victims of certain qualifying crimes who are willing to cooperate with law enforcement. The commenters criticized the IFR, stating that it disregards the congressional intent of these laws by exposing survivors of violence to immigration enforcement before their cases are resolved and deprives them of the protections Congress explicitly created for them. A commenter emphasized the historical importance of VAWA and VTVPA protections and urged DHS to uphold them.
Un comentarista dijo que el contenido de la IFR relacionado con los requisitos de cambio de dirección crea dificultades innecesarias para los extranjeros, ya que los privaría de direcciones privadas y seguras para protegerse de sus abusadores mientras toman medidas hacia la independencia.
A commenter said that the IFR's content regarding change of address requirements creates needless hardships for aliens as it would deprive them of private, safe addresses to protect themselves from their abusers as they take steps toward independence.
Un comentarista señaló que el 8 U.S.C. 1367 prohíbe al DHS tomar determinaciones adversas utilizando información proporcionada por los agresores o divulgar información sobre los extranjeros víctimas. El comentarista expresó su preocupación de que la IFR no aborda cómo se mantendrían estas protecciones de privacidad, particularmente con respecto a la declaración de domicilio en el Formulario G-325R, y que la IFR no toma en cuenta las leyes sobre violencia doméstica que establecen la confidencialidad de domicilio para los extranjeros elegibles por motivos de seguridad. El comentarista concluyó que, a pesar de que la IFR menciona "domicilios seguros", no explica qué significa esto en el contexto del registro, ni tampoco parece que el Formulario G-325R permita la confidencialidad del domicilio.
A commenter remarked that 8 U.S.C. 1367 prohibits DHS from making adverse determinations using information furnished by abusers or disclosing information about alien victims. The commenter expressed concern that the IFR does not address how these privacy protections, particularly with respect to address reporting on Form G-325R, would be maintained, and that the IFR does not account for domestic violence laws that establish address confidentiality for eligible aliens for their safety. The commenter concluded that despite the IFR mentioning “safe addresses,” it does not explain what that means in the context of registration, nor does Form G-325R appear to allow for address confidentiality.
Otro comentarista escribió que la IFR no abordó las circunstancias especiales de los extranjeros víctimas que se encuentran en refugios y en domicilios inseguros; bajo las protecciones especiales de USCIS, los solicitantes de beneficios bajo la VAWA y de estatus T y U tienen derecho a utilizar domicilios postales seguros y a que sus casos sean procesados conforme a reglas estrictas de privacidad. El comentarista afirmó que la IFR violaría esas protecciones de privacidad al exigir que dichos extranjeros se registren utilizando un formulario de registro general que no es procesado por la "oficina de solicitantes especiales del Centro de Servicio de Vermont", y que, a diferencia de otras recopilaciones de información migratoria, la IFR no incluye disposiciones relacionadas con los procedimientos que se utilizarían para proteger estos datos conforme a las protecciones reforzadas de la VAWA. El comentarista agregó que divulgar los domicilios de los refugios con frecuencia va en contra de las políticas del refugio y que hacerlo puede ocasionar que los extranjeros pierdan la elegibilidad para recibir alojamiento en dicho lugar.
Another commenter wrote that the IFR failed to address the special circumstances of alien victims in shelters and at unsafe addresses; under USCIS special protections, applicants for VAWA, T- and U-based benefits are entitled to use safe mailing addresses and have their cases processed according to strict privacy rules. The commenter stated that the IFR would violate those privacy protections by demanding that such aliens register using a general registration form that is not processed by the “special applicants' office of the Vermont Service Center,” and that, unlike other immigration information collections, the IFR includes no provisions related to procedures that would be used to protect this data in conformity with heightened VAWA protections. The commenter added that disclosing shelter addresses is often against the policies of the shelter and doing so can result in aliens becoming ineligible for housing there.
Respuesta: Los extranjeros que presentan un Formulario G-325R no califican como un extranjero protegido conforme al 8 U.S.C. 1367 únicamente por el hecho de presentar dicho formulario; sin embargo, si el extranjero está designado de otro modo como un extranjero protegido sobre otra base, USCIS mantendría las mismas protecciones para la información presentada a través del proceso del Formulario G-325R que las que mantiene para otra información proporcionada por dichos extranjeros protegidos. El Formulario G-325R recopila un domicilio físico y permite a los extranjeros proporcionar un domicilio seguro. Como ocurre con todos los formularios de USCIS en los que un extranjero puede proporcionar un domicilio seguro, si USCIS se comunica con el extranjero por correo, utilizará el domicilio seguro que este proporcione. Sin embargo, el proceso del G-325R es, por el momento, completamente electrónico. Todos los avisos enviados por USCIS a un extranjero se cargan en la cuenta myUSCIS del extranjero. Ninguno de los avisos relacionados con el Formulario G-325R se emite por correo. Por lo tanto, no solo pueden los extranjeros proporcionar un domicilio seguro, de conformidad con la práctica de larga data de USCIS, sino que, por el momento, USCIS no envía ningún documento por correo en relación con el Formulario G-325R. Si bien se exige que el extranjero proporcione un domicilio físico, el DHS continuará asegurando que su personal cumpla con los requisitos y protecciones establecidos por ley.
Response: Aliens submitting a Form G-325R do not qualify as a protected alien under 8 U.S.C. 1367, by virtue of such filing; however, if the alien is otherwise designated as a protected alien on another basis, USCIS would maintain the same protections for information submitted through the Form G-325R process as it does for other information provided by such protected aliens. Form G-325R collects a physical address and allows aliens to provide a safe address. As with all USCIS forms in which an alien may provide a safe address, if USCIS contacts the alien through the mail it will use the safe address that he or she provides. However, the G-325R process is entirely electronic at this time. All notices sent from USCIS to an alien are uploaded to the alien's myUSCIS account. None of the notices correlating to a Form G-325R are issued via mail. Therefore, not only may aliens provide a safe address, consistent with longstanding USCIS practice, USCIS does not at this time send any documents through the mail in connection with Form G-325R. While an alien is required to provide a physical address, DHS will continue to ensure that personnel adhere to statutory requirements and protections.
3. Inquietudes constitucionales relacionadas con la IFR
3. Constitutional Concerns Related to the IFR
Comentario: Varios comentaristas expresaron inquietudes generales relacionadas con la constitucionalidad de la IFR o del requisito de registro. Por ejemplo, un comentarista que expresó su oposición a la IFR instó a quienes ostentan el poder a detener la "flagrante violación" de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos e indicó que quienes participan en este proceso y no intentan detenerlo están incurriendo en incumplimiento de su deber hacia la Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Los comentaristas criticaron la IFR, afirmando que esta "no toma en cuenta su impacto generalizado sobre los derechos constitucionales tanto de ciudadanos como de no ciudadanos".
Comment: Several commenters expressed general concerns related to the constitutionality of the IFR or registration requirement. For example, a commenter expressing opposition to the IFR urged those in power to stop the “blatant violation” of the U.S. Constitution and indicated that those involved in this process who do not attempt to stop it are in dereliction of their duty to the U.S. Constitution. Commenters criticized the IFR, saying that it “fails to account for its sweeping impact on the constitutional rights of citizens and noncitizens alike.”
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo con la caracterización general que hacen los comentaristas de esta norma como inconstitucional. Esta norma pone a disposición un nuevo mecanismo mediante el cual los extranjeros pueden cumplir con los requisitos de registro y toma de huellas dactilares establecidos desde hace mucho tiempo por la ley, conforme a lo ordenado por el Congreso. Es deber constitucional del Poder Ejecutivo ejecutar fielmente la ley creada por el Congreso. El DHS responde a los comentarios que plantean inquietudes específicas sobre constitucionalidad más adelante en esta norma final.
Response: DHS disagrees with commenters' broad characterization of this rule as unconstitutional. This rule makes available a new mechanism by which aliens may comply with longstanding statutory registration and fingerprinting requirements, as directed by Congress. It is the Executive's constitutional duty to faithfully execute the law created by Congress. DHS responds to comments raising specific constitutionality concerns later in this final rule.
Con respecto a la autoridad general del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos para exigir que los extranjeros dentro de sus fronteras se registren, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) señala que una nación tiene la prerrogativa soberana de controlar sus fronteras. Cf. Ping v. United States, 130 U.S. 581, 603-04 (1889) (“Que el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, mediante la acción del poder legislativo, puede excluir a los extranjeros de su territorio es una proposición que no consideramos sujeta a controversia. La jurisdicción sobre su propio territorio en ese sentido es un atributo de toda nación independiente. Es parte de su independencia. Si no pudiera excluir a los extranjeros, estaría en esa medida sujeta al control de otro poder.”). El Congreso legisló hace mucho tiempo en cumplimiento de esta responsabilidad fundamental, estableciendo, entre otras cosas, requisitos legales de registro y toma de huellas dactilares. Además, la Constitución de los Estados Unidos confiere tanto al Congreso como al Poder Ejecutivo el control sobre los asuntos migratorios; la Corte Suprema, desde hace más de un siglo, ha reconocido que la amplia facultad del Presidente en materia de relaciones exteriores se extiende a los asuntos migratorios. Const. de los EE. UU., art. II, § 2, cláusula 2; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698, 713 (1893) (donde se determinó que, dado que la regulación de la inmigración es “una facultad que afecta las relaciones internacionales”, corresponde apropiadamente que “esté conferida a los departamentos políticos del gobierno”). Estas amplias facultades constitucionales respaldan además los requisitos legales de registro de extranjeros y la autoridad del Presidente para ordenar al DHS que vele por la fiel ejecución de dichos requisitos. Proporcionan una base jurídica suficiente para la Norma Provisional Final (IFR), que simplemente designa un nuevo formulario mediante el cual los extranjeros pueden cumplir con requisitos legales de larga data.
With respect to the U.S. Government's general authority to require aliens within its borders to register, DHS notes that a nation has a sovereign prerogative to control its borders. Cf. Ping v. United States, 130 U.S. 581, 603-04 (1889) (“That the government of the United States, through the action of the legislative department, can exclude aliens from its territory is a proposition which we do not think open to controversy. Jurisdiction over its own territory to that extent is an incident of every independent nation. It is a part of its independence. If it could not exclude aliens it would be to that extent subject to the control of another power.”). Congress long ago legislated in pursuit of this utmost responsibility by, among others, setting statutory registration and fingerprinting requirements. What is more, the U.S. Constitution vests both Congress and the Executive with control over immigration matters; the Supreme Court for over a century has acknowledged that the President's broad foreign affairs power extends to matters of immigration. U.S. Const. Art. II, § 2, cl. 2; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698, 713 (1893) (finding because the regulation of immigration is “a power affecting international relations,” it appropriately “is vested in the political departments of the government”). These broad constitutional authorities further support the statutory alien registration requirements and the President's authority to direct DHS to take care to faithfully execute such requirements. They provide ample authority for the IFR, which merely designates a new form by which aliens can comply with longstanding statutory requirements.
a. El derecho contra la autoincriminación
a. The Right Against Self-Incrimination
Comentario: Los comentaristas expresaron una preocupación general de que las divulgaciones requeridas por la IFR, como el requisito de informar sobre actividad delictiva pasada, violarían el derecho de la Quinta Enmienda contra la autoincriminación, colocarían a los extranjeros en la posición de identificarse a sí mismos con fines de fiscalización, o violarían en general los derechos de la Quinta Enmienda. Un comentarista manifestó que la IFR es “inconstitucional en su faz”, porque pediría a los extranjeros confesar delitos e infracciones de las leyes penales relativas al abuso de sustancias, y exige que los extranjeros que se encuentran en los Estados Unidos sin documentación se registren ( página impresa 39275) “aun cuando la administración actual considera que los inmigrantes indocumentados son ilegales”.
Comment: Commenters expressed general concern that the disclosures required by the IFR, such as the requirement to report past criminal activity, would violate the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, would place aliens in a position of identifying themselves for purposes of enforcement, or would generally violate Fifth Amendment rights. One commenter stated that the IFR is “unconstitutional on its face,” because it would ask aliens to confess to crimes and violations of criminal substance abuse laws and requires aliens who are present in the United States without documentation to register ( printed page 39275) “even though the current administration regards undocumented immigrants to be illegal.”
Los comentaristas manifestaron que el requisito de registro y las posibles sanciones por no registrarse implican las protecciones de la Quinta Enmienda de varias maneras, incluyendo:
Commenters stated that the requirement to register and potential penalties for non-registration implicate Fifth Amendment protections in several ways, including by:
Obligar en la práctica a los extranjeros a admitir su presencia ilegal en los Estados Unidos o a proporcionar otra información que pudiera exponerlos a un proceso penal o a la expulsión; y
Effectively compelling aliens to admit unlawful presence in the United States or provide other information that could potentially expose them to criminal prosecution or removal; and
Crear una situación de “callejón sin salida” en la que registrarse implicaría el riesgo de autoincriminación al reconocer un estatus migratorio irregular, mientras que no registrarse generaría sanciones por incumplimiento.
Creating a “Catch-22” situation in which registering would risk self-incrimination through acknowledging unlawful status, while not registering would trigger penalties for noncompliance.
Ante estas inquietudes, los comentaristas instaron al DHS a retirar la norma o a no implementarla, o bien a reconsiderar el requisito de registro y desarrollar un enfoque alternativo que respete las protecciones constitucionales contra la autoincriminación.
In light of these concerns, commenters either urged DHS to withdraw or not implement the rule, or to reconsider the registration requirement and develop an alternative approach that respects constitutional protections against self-incrimination.
Un comentarista razonó que, debido al privilegio contra la autoincriminación, el requisito sería inaplicable y que sería imposible condenar a un extranjero por incumplimiento voluntario del registro, citando Grosso v. United States, 390 U.S. 67, 70 (1968). El comentarista razonó que la decisión en ese caso exige que el DHS modifique el formulario para incluir una garantía de que la información requerida por el formulario nunca se utilizaría para procesar penalmente a un registrante por delitos. Este comentarista señaló además que la propia Ley de Registro de Extranjeros no presentaba tal problema de autoincriminación, porque el formulario que imponía era universal para todos los extranjeros y no exigía la admisión de un delito.
A commenter reasoned that because of the privilege against self-incrimination, the requirement would be unenforceable and that it would be impossible to convict an alien for willful failure to register, citing Grosso v. United States, 390 U.S. 67, 70 (1968). The commenter reasoned that the finding in this case requires that DHS amend the form to include a guarantee that information required by the form would never be used to prosecute a registrant for criminal offenses. This commenter further remarked that the Alien Registration Act itself did not have such a self-incrimination problem, because the form it imposed was universal for all aliens and did not demand admission of a crime.
Citando jurisprudencia, un comentarista afirmó que el privilegio contra la autoincriminación protege no solo contra respuestas que por sí solas respaldarían condenas, sino también contra pruebas necesarias para procesar un delito federal.[35] Un comentarista concluyó que, debido al rechazo por parte de la Corte Suprema de la doctrina del “no exculpatorio”, [36] la única manera en que un extranjero sujeto a la IFR puede invocar su privilegio contra la autoincriminación es no registrarse, o bien registrarse sin completar totalmente el formulario de registro. El comentarista identificó específicamente las preguntas 1.11 (historial de direcciones), 1.12 (última entrada), 1.13 (información del formulario I-94), 3.2 (delitos cometidos sin arresto) y 3.5 (infracciones relacionadas con sustancias controladas) como problemáticas desde la perspectiva de la autoincriminación.
Citing to case law, a commenter stated that the privilege against self-incrimination protects not just against answers that would alone support convictions, but also against evidence needed to prosecute for a Federal crime.[35] A commenter concluded that because of the Supreme Court's rejection of the “exculpatory no,” [36] the only way an alien subject to the IFR can invoke their privilege against self-incrimination is either not to register, or to register without fully completing the registration form. The commenter specifically identified questions 1.11 (address history), 1.12 (last arrival), 1.13 (I-94 information), 3.2 (crimes committed without arrest), and 3.5 (controlled substance violations) as problematic from a self-incrimination perspective.
Otro comentarista analizó la excepción “esencialmente regulatoria” al privilegio contra la autoincriminación de la Quinta Enmienda, la cual, según el comentarista, permite la divulgación obligatoria de información testimonial como parte de un esquema regulatorio integral cuando la acción gubernamental está dirigida al público en general y se relaciona con una investigación esencialmente no penal y regulatoria. El comentarista afirmó que la IFR no cumple con los requisitos para esta excepción porque está dirigida a quienes se sospecha que han incurrido en conducta delictiva y no es de naturaleza esencialmente regulatoria.
Another commenter discussed the “essentially regulatory” exception to the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination, which the commenter said permits compelled disclosure of testimonial information as part of a comprehensive regulatory scheme when the government action is directed at the public at large and related to an essentially noncriminal and regulatory inquiry. The commenter stated that the IFR does not qualify for this exception because it targets those suspected of criminal conduct and is not essentially regulatory in nature.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) no está de acuerdo en que esta regla viole el privilegio de los extranjeros contra la autoincriminación conforme a la Quinta Enmienda. La Quinta Enmienda no prohíbe que el gobierno formule preguntas ni prohíbe que el gobierno reciba las respuestas. Véase Nat'l Fed'n of Fed. Emps. v. Greenberg, 983 F.2d 286, 291 (D.C. Cir. 1993). Tampoco impide la aplicación de un régimen regulatorio civil válido. Rajah v. Mukasey, 544 F.3d 427, 442 (2d Cir. 2008). Los tribunales “han reconocido desde hace tiempo la facultad de expulsar o excluir extranjeros como un atributo soberano fundamental ejercido por los departamentos políticos del Gobierno, en gran medida inmune al control judicial”. Fiallo v. Bell, 430 U.S. 787, 792 (1977). La naturaleza del registro es regulatoria y no penal, porque no está “impregnada de estatutos penales y [ ] existe un interés sustancial no relacionado con el enjuiciamiento penal que sirve el régimen de notificación”. Rajah, 544 F.3d en 442. Específicamente, el propósito principal del registro es fortalecer la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración mediante la regulación de los extranjeros que buscan ingresar y permanecer en los Estados Unidos. Sin duda, existen sanciones penales por el incumplimiento intencional del registro y por no notificar al DHS de un cambio de dirección, pero el propósito del marco legal es ejercer autoridad sobre la regulación de los extranjeros en este país. Además, los tribunales reconocen de manera constante que la Quinta Enmienda no exime a las personas de sus obligaciones legales de realizar ciertas presentaciones ante el Gobierno Federal. Véase United States v. Oliver, 505 F.2d 301, 307 (7th Cir. 1974) (que observa que la Quinta Enmienda no exime a los contribuyentes de la obligación legal de declarar la totalidad de sus ingresos, incluyendo los ingresos provenientes de actividades ilegales) (revocado por otros motivos).
Response: DHS disagrees that this rule violates aliens' Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. The Fifth Amendment does not forbid the government from asking questions and it does not forbid the government from taking the answers. See Nat'l Fed'n of Fed. Emps. v. Greenberg, 983 F.2d 286, 291 (D.C. Cir. 1993). Nor does it impede the enforcement of a valid civil regulatory regime. Rajah v. Mukasey, 544 F.3d 427, 442 (2d Cir. 2008). Courts “have long recognized the power to expel or exclude aliens as a fundamental sovereign attribute exercised by the Government's political departments largely immune from judicial control.” Fiallo v. Bell, 430 U.S. 787, 792 (1977). The nature of registration is regulatory rather than criminal because it is not “permeated with criminal statutes and [ ] there is a substantial non-prosecutorial interest served by the reporting regime.” Rajah, 544 F.3d at 442. Specifically, the primary purpose of registration is to enhance immigration law enforcement through the regulation of aliens seeking to enter and remain in the United States. Certainly, there are criminal penalties for willful failure to register and failure to notify DHS of a change in address, but the purpose of the statutory framework is to exercise authority over the regulation of aliens in this country. Furthermore, courts consistently acknowledge that the Fifth Amendment does not relieve individuals of their statutory obligations to make certain submissions to the Federal Government. See United States v. Oliver, 505 F.2d 301, 307 (7th Cir. 1974) (observing Fifth Amendment does not relieve taxpayers of statutory obligation to report income in full, including income from illegal ventures) (overruled on other grounds).
Por lo tanto, la Quinta Enmienda no protege a un extranjero de tener que proporcionar información relevante para el registro que constituye una condición de la presencia del extranjero en los Estados Unidos, incluyendo información de pasaportes, otros documentos, o declaraciones respecto de su estatus migratorio. Véase Rajah, 544 F.3d en 441 (relacionado con la política de registro de NSEERS); véase también, por ejemplo, United States v. Sacco, 428 F.2d 264, 271 (9th Cir. 1970); Matter of Chen, 15 I&N Dec. 480, 482 (BIA 1975); Matter of Yau, 14 I&N Dec. 630, 635 (BIA 1974). Por último, un reclamo de autoincriminación bajo la Quinta Enmienda no es susceptible de revisión judicial hasta que se invoque efectivamente el privilegio. Véase, por ejemplo, Carman v. Yellen, 112 F.4th 386, 404 (6th Cir. 2024).
Thus, the Fifth Amendment does not protect an alien from having to provide information relevant to the registration that is a condition of the alien's presence in the United States, including information from passports, other documents, or statements regarding his or her immigration status. See Rajah, 544 F.3d at 441 (relating to NSEERS registration policy); see also, e.g., United States v. Sacco, 428 F.2d 264, 271 (9th Cir. 1970); Matter of Chen, 15 I&N Dec. 480, 482 (BIA 1975); Matter of Yau, 14 I&N Dec. 630, 635 (BIA 1974). Finally, a Fifth Amendment self-incrimination claim is not ripe until a claim of the privilege is actually asserted. See, e.g., Carman v. Yellen, 112 F.4th 386, 404 (6th Cir. 2024).
b. Debido proceso
b. Due Process
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas también indicaron que el IFR violaría o daría lugar a violaciones de las protecciones del debido proceso de la Quinta Enmienda, como las protecciones contra acciones gubernamentales arbitrarias o indebidas, tales como la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración, arrestos, detenciones o remociones. Los comentaristas también indicaron que esto es particularmente probable dado los desafíos de accesibilidad, como las barreras del idioma y la falta de acceso a un abogado para comprender el IFR. Otros expresaron preocupaciones de debido proceso relacionadas con el señalamiento de ciudades y estados con políticas de acogida para acciones de aplicación de la ley; arrestos colaterales sin orden judicial que violan acuerdos de conciliación vinculantes; y la remoción de familias enteras que incluyen ciudadanos estadounidenses. Un comentarista instó al DHS a revisar el IFR para incluir "salvaguardas de debido proceso, que incluyan pautas claras de elegibilidad, procesos de exención y mecanismos de apelación". El comentarista no sugirió pautas o procesos específicos, ni fundamentos para la apelación.
Comment: Many commenters also indicated that the IFR would violate or result in violations of Fifth Amendment due process protections, such as protections against arbitrary or wrongful government actions like immigration enforcement, arrests, detentions, or removals. Commenters also indicated that this is particularly likely given accessibility challenges such as language barriers and lack of access to counsel of understand the IFR. Others expressed due process concerns relating to the targeting of cities and States with welcoming policies for enforcement actions; warrantless collateral arrests that violate binding settlement agreements; and removal of whole families that include U.S. citizens. A commenter urged DHS to revise the IFR to include “due process safeguards, such including clear eligibility guidelines, waiver processes, and appeal mechanisms.” The commenter did not suggest specific guidelines or processes, or bases for appeal.
Citando la prueba de tres partes para evaluar los requisitos de debido proceso establecida en Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976), un comentarista declaró que los extranjeros tienen un interés privado significativo en evitar el procesamiento penal; que debido a las barreras del idioma y la pobreza existe un riesgo significativo de privación errónea; y que el interés del gobierno en este caso no radica en una seguridad genuina, sino en aprovechar el temor en torno a la inmigración con fines políticos. Este comentarista también declaró que, con el requisito de registro, a los individuos no se les ofrece una oportunidad significativa de ser escuchados antes de que la acción gubernamental los prive de un interés significativo, según lo exigido por Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254 (1970), porque el DHS no está proporcionando a los registrantes oportunidades razonables para cumplir con sus plazos estrictos o para acceder a un abogado, imponiendo cargas indebidas a los extranjeros para presentar la documentación requerida dentro de un plazo poco realista. (página impresa 39276)
Citing to the three-part test for evaluating due process requirements from Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976), a commenter stated that aliens have a significant private interest in avoiding criminal prosecution; that due to language barriers and poverty there is a significant risk of erroneous deprivation; and that the government's interest in this case is not in genuine security but in leveraging fear over immigration for political purposes. This commenter also stated that with the registration requirement, individuals are not afforded a meaningful opportunity to be heard before the governmental action deprives them of a significant interest as required by Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254 (1970), because DHS is not providing registrants reasonable opportunities to comply with its stringent deadlines or to access legal counsel, placing undue burdens on aliens to submit required documentation within an unrealistic time frame. ( printed page 39276)
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo en que esta norma viole el derecho al debido proceso de los extranjeros conforme a la Quinta Enmienda y también se niega a establecer pautas de elegibilidad adicionales, procesos de exención y mecanismos de apelación asociados con el registro.
Response: DHS disagrees that this rule violates aliens' Fifth Amendment right to due process and also declines to establish additional eligibility guidelines, waiver processes, and appeal mechanisms associated with the registration.
El IFR simplemente modificó los reglamentos para designar un nuevo formulario de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan con los requisitos de registro establecidos por la ley. El requisito de registro de la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, fue implementado por el Congreso; cualquier objeción de debido proceso a una obligación de registro en general equivale a una objeción a la ley y no a esta norma. El único efecto de esta norma es crear un formulario de registro que garantice que todos los extranjeros tengan una forma de registrarse, en consonancia con la ley. Y en todo caso, no existe un interés de debido proceso reconocible en violar la ley de inmigración de los Estados Unidos y permanecer sin ser detectado indefinidamente, o en no registrarse de conformidad con las obligaciones establecidas por la ley. Desde hace mucho tiempo se ha sostenido que los extranjeros gozan de ciertas protecciones constitucionales independientemente de su estatus, pero dicha protección está limitada por las amplias facultades del Congreso para controlar la inmigración. Véase, por ejemplo, Ahmed v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 433, 439 (5th Cir. 2006) (reconociendo, como parte del registro NSEERS, la amplia facultad del Congreso para controlar la inmigración) (citando Rodriguez-Silva v. INS, 242 F.3d 243, 246, 247 (5th Cir. 2001)). El DHS también señala que el deber de registrarse y sus consecuencias no están relacionados con las consecuencias de una posible remoción debido a otras acciones que hacen que las personas sean removibles, y que con el requisito de registro, el DHS no está señalando a determinadas clases de extranjeros, ciudades o estados. Más bien, el Congreso estableció de manera universal el requisito de registro para todos los extranjeros, y la opción de registro general que proporciona el DHS está disponible para todos los extranjeros previamente no registrados, independientemente de su estatus.
The IFR simply amended the regulations to designate a new registration form for aliens to comply with the statutory registration requirements. The registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 was implemented by Congress; any due process objection to a registration obligation in general amounts to an objection to the statute rather than this rule. This rule's only effect is to create a registration form that ensures all aliens have a way to register, consistent with the statute. And in any event, there is no cognizable due process interest in violating U.S. immigration law and remaining undetected indefinitely, or in failing to register consistent with one's statutory obligations. It has long been held that aliens enjoy some constitutional protections regardless of their status, but the protection is limited by Congress' broad powers to control immigration. See, e.g., Ahmed v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 433, 439 (5th Cir. 2006) (recognizing, as part of NSEERS registration, Congress' broad power to control immigration) (citing Rodriguez-Silva v. INS, 242 F.3d 243, 246, 247 (5th Cir. 2001)). DHS also notes that the duty to register and its consequences is unrelated to the consequences of potential removal because of other actions that render individuals removable and that with the registration requirement, DHS neither is targeting certain classes of aliens, cities, or States. Rather, Congress universally prescribed the registration requirement to all aliens, and the general registration option provided by DHS is available to all previously unregistered aliens regardless of their status.
En cuanto a las declaraciones de los comentaristas sobre el dominio limitado del inglés de ciertos extranjeros o su acceso limitado a recursos legales, el DHS señala que los formularios de inmigración solo se ofrecen en inglés.[37] La incapacidad de hablar inglés porque el extranjero no entiende el inglés, pero puede expresarse en otros idiomas, no constituye una discapacidad que justifique una adaptación razonable conforme a la Ley de Rehabilitación (Rehabilitation Act).[38] El DHS también señala que cualquier individuo, ya sea extranjero o ciudadano, potencialmente afectado por una regulación del DHS podría, en teoría, tener acceso limitado a recursos legales que lo ayuden a comprender dicha regulación y la manera en que podría afectarle. El DHS no está obligado a proporcionar a los extranjeros recursos legales, pero esta norma no impide que un extranjero busque asesoría legal. En consecuencia, el DHS no considera que la preocupación de los comentaristas sobre el acceso a recursos legales tenga mayor peso que el interés de la agencia en ejecutar fielmente los requisitos legales de registro y toma de huellas dactilares. Por todas estas razones, esta norma se mantiene claramente alejada de infringir el privilegio de la Quinta Enmienda contra la autoincriminación y el derecho al debido proceso y a la igual protección ante la ley.
Regarding commenters' statements about certain aliens' limited proficiency in English or access to legal resources, DHS notes that immigration forms are only offered in English.[37] Inability to speak English because the alien does not understand English, but can vocalize other languages, is not a disability warranting a reasonable accommodation under the Rehabilitation Act.[38] DHS also notes that any individual—alien or citizen—potentially affected by a DHS regulation may theoretically have limited access to legal resources to help them understand that regulation and how it may affect them. DHS is not required to provide aliens with legal resources, but this rule does not prevent an alien from seeking counsel. DHS accordingly does not view commenters' concern about access to legal resources as outweighing the agency's interest in faithfully executing the statutory registration and fingerprinting requirements. For all these reasons, this rule steers well clear of infringing upon the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and right to due process and equal protection of law.
c. Debido proceso de los niños y menores no acompañados
c. Due Process of Children and Unaccompanied Minors
Comentario: Una organización comentó que someter a los niños extranjeros a los requisitos de la norma evidencia la naturaleza desactualizada del estatuto de registro y señaló que, desde su promulgación, nuestra comprensión de la niñez y la adolescencia ha evolucionado significativamente, con legislación posterior que reconoce las diferencias y vulnerabilidades de los niños y adolescentes. Otro comentarista afirmó que el cambio clave intenta desviar a los menores del sistema de justicia penal.
Comment: An organization commented that subjecting alien children to the requirements of the rule belies the outdated nature of the registration statute and remarked that since its enactment, our understanding of childhood and adolescence has significantly evolved, with subsequent legislation recognizing the differences and vulnerabilities of children and teenagers. Another commenter stated that the key change attempts to divert juveniles away from the criminal legal system.
Otro comentarista señaló que el Congreso creó protecciones procesales específicas para los menores extranjeros no acompañados (UAC, por sus siglas en inglés) en la Ley de Reautorización de Protección de Víctimas de Tráfico William Wilberforce de 2008 (TVPRA, por sus siglas en inglés), véase, por ejemplo, 8 U.S.C. 1232, en reconocimiento de la particular vulnerabilidad de los UAC y para evitar su retorno al tráfico de personas y a otros daños. El comentarista razonó que el cumplimiento de la IFR y la Orden Ejecutiva 14159 con la TVPRA es cuestionable, porque la IFR sometería a sus requisitos a los extranjeros mayores de 14 años, pero no parece considerar las necesidades de desarrollo particulares de los niños extranjeros, su comprensión limitada de la ley de inmigración y su necesidad de apoyo y cuidado de adultos de confianza, con mayores barreras para los UAC. El comentarista desarrolló sus preocupaciones sobre los UAC, escribiendo que el incumplimiento de la IFR podría llevar a su detención, pero que la IFR no explica cómo dichas detenciones se ajustarían a la TVPRA, el Acuerdo de Conciliación Flores (Flores Settlement Agreement) u otras reformas de justicia juvenil. El comentarista concluyó que la IFR permitiría la detención sumaria, remoción u otras sanciones para los niños extranjeros, y que por lo tanto contraviene el objetivo de la TVPRA de garantizar que los niños extranjeros vulnerables puedan acceder equitativamente a protecciones legales para evitar su retorno al tráfico de personas y a otros daños, agregando que no hay razón para pensar que el Congreso haya anticipado que el Poder Ejecutivo revivería un programa integral de registro y lo aplicaría de una manera que amenazara las protecciones del debido proceso de los niños extranjeros.
Another commenter stated that Congress created specific procedural protections for unaccompanied alien children (UAC) in the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (TVPRA), see, e.g.,8 U.S.C. 1232, in recognition of UAC's particular vulnerability and to prevent their return to trafficking and other harm. The commenter reasoned that the IFR's and E.O. 14159's compliance with the TVPRA is questionable, because the IFR would subject aliens over the age of 14 to its requirements, but it does not appear to consider alien children's distinct developmental needs, limited understanding of immigration law, and need for support and care from trusted adults, with greater barriers for UACs. The commenter elaborated on concerns for UACs, writing that noncompliance with the IFR could lead to detention of them, but that the IFR does not explain how such detentions would comport with TVPRA, the Flores Settlement Agreement, or other juvenile justice reforms. The commenter concluded that the IFR would allow for the summary detention, removal, or other penalties for alien children, and therefore contravenes TVPRA's aim of ensuring vulnerable alien children are able to fairly access legal protections to prevent their return to trafficking and other harm, adding that there is no reason to think that Congress anticipated the Executive Branch would revive a comprehensive registration program and apply it in a manner that would threaten alien children's due process protections.
Citando múltiples preocupaciones sobre los impactos de la IFR en los niños extranjeros, un comentarista instó al DHS a reconsiderar los requisitos de registro para preservar los derechos civiles y las protecciones de seguridad pública de los niños extranjeros. El comentarista afirmó que un requisito universal de registro para los extranjeros, “tal como lo propone la IFR”, “aumentaría los medios por los cuales los migrantes vulnerables, en particular los menores, podrían ser explotados por malos actores”. El comentarista explicó que había trabajado con una extranjera de 19 años que huyó de Guatemala después de haber sido obligada a trabajar como empleada doméstica siendo niña, y que incluso después de llegar a los Estados Unidos, esta extranjera tenía un acceso tan limitado a la información necesaria que habría sido “un blanco ideal para posibles estafadores que buscan aprovecharse de recién llegados que no están familiarizados con los requisitos de la IFR”. Otro comentarista instó al DHS a proteger a los extranjeros que fueron traídos a los Estados Unidos siendo niños.
Citing multiple concerns about impacts of the IFR on alien children, a commenter urged DHS to reconsider registration requirements to preserve civil rights and public safety protections for alien children. The commenter stated that a universal registration requirement for aliens “as the IFR proposes” would “increase the vectors by which vulnerable migrants, particularly minors, may be exploited by bad actors.” The commenter explained that they had worked with an alien who is 19 years old and fled Guatemala after having been forced to work as a child domestic servant, and that even after arriving in the United States, this alien had such limited access to necessary information that she would have been “an ideal target for would-be cozeners seeking to prey on newcomers who are unfamiliar with the requirements of the IFR.” Another commenter urged DHS to protect aliens who were brought to the United States as children.
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo en que el requisito de registro amenace los intereses de debido proceso de los menores extranjeros. El sitio web de USCIS contiene información para ayudar a todos los extranjeros a comprender el requisito de registro. Todos los extranjeros, incluidos los UAC (menores no acompañados), deben cumplir con la INA, que exige que todos los extranjeros, con excepciones limitadas, soliciten el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares si tienen 14 años de edad o más y permanecerán en los Estados Unidos por 30 días o más.
Response: DHS disagrees that the registration requirement threatens due process interests of alien children. The USCIS website contains information to help all aliens understand the registration requirement. All aliens, including UACs, must follow the INA, which requires all aliens, with limited exceptions, to apply for registration and fingerprinting if they are age 14 or older and will remain in the United States for 30 days or longer.
d. Primera Enmienda, Expresión, Reunión y Asociación
d. First Amendment, Expression, Assembly, and Association
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas expresaron una preocupación general de que la IFR exigiría a los extranjeros demostrar prueba de registro, lo que también conduciría a la elaboración de perfiles raciales, temores de detención y, en última instancia, inhibiría las libertades de la Primera Enmienda, incluido el derecho de reunión y la libertad de expresión. Citando investigaciones, un comentarista dijo que los estudios han encontrado un vínculo directo entre la vigilancia generalizada o la elaboración de perfiles y la restricción de la actividad amparada por la Primera Enmienda entre los miembros de la comunidad objeto de dicha vigilancia. Otros expresaron preocupaciones particulares por el efecto inhibidor de la IFR en el contexto de las políticas más amplias de aplicación de la ley migratoria de la administración Trump, incluido el derecho a objetar de manera no violenta las políticas gubernamentales que tienen un (página impresa 39277) efecto discriminatorio potencial y a las prácticas de aplicación arbitraria. Un comentarista declaró que la IFR facilitaría la agenda de la administración de atacar a personas con base en su discurso, al proporcionar información de identificación centralizada casi universal para todos los extranjeros.
Comment: Many commenters expressed a general concern that the IFR would require aliens to show proof of registration, which would also lead to racial profiling, fears of detention, and ultimately chill First Amendment liberties, including the right to assembly and freedom of expression. Citing to research, a commenter said that studies have found a direct link between widespread surveillance or profiling and restricted First Amendment activity among members of the community being targeted. Others expressed particular concerns for the IFR's chilling effect in the context of the Trump administration's broader immigration enforcement policies, including the right to nonviolently object to government policies that have a ( printed page 39277) potential discriminatory effect and to arbitrary enforcement practices. A commenter stated that the IFR would facilitate the administration's agenda of targeting individuals based on speech by providing near-universal centralized identifying information for all aliens.
Otro comentarista se opuso a la IFR porque el registro de extranjeros se utilizaría para perseguir a quienes ejercen su libertad de expresión para disentir de las políticas de una administración o partido político.
Another commenter opposed the IFR because alien registration would be used to persecute those who exercise their freedom of speech to disagree with the policies of an administration or political party.
Varios comentaristas expresaron su preocupación de que la IFR tendría, y ya ha tenido, un efecto inhibidor sobre la libertad de expresión de los extranjeros, debido al temor a la detención y la deportación. Un comentarista declaró que la IFR vulnera la libertad de religión y de expresión al actuar “de la mano con la revocación de los Memorandos de Lugares Sensibles para intervenir en la libertad religiosa de los residentes de los Estados Unidos, al desalentar a muchos de asistir a servicios religiosos por temor a ser objeto de perfiles, o de ejercer su libertad de expresión por temor a ser blanco de deportación, incluso erróneamente”. En cuanto a los derechos de expresión, un comentarista declaró que la administración actual ha estado revocando el estatus migratorio, incluidas las visas de estudiante, con base en el discurso, y que la IFR facilitaría esta agenda al proporcionar información de identificación centralizada para todos los extranjeros, creando un efecto inhibidor sobre las protecciones de la Primera Enmienda.
Several commenters voiced concern that the IFR would have, and already has had, a chilling effect on free speech and expression for aliens, due to fear of detention and deportation. A commenter stated that the IFR trespasses on freedom of religion and speech by working “hand-in-hand with the rescinding of the Sensitive Locations Memos to intrude upon the religious freedom of U.S. residents by discouraging many from attending religious services for fear of being profiled or to exercise their freedom of speech for fear of being targeted for deportation, even erroneously.” Regarding speech rights, a commenter stated that the current administration has been revoking immigration status, including student visas, based on speech and that IFR would facilitate this agenda by providing centralized identifying information for all aliens, creating a chilling effect on First Amendment protections.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que los miembros más visibles y activos de la organización podrían convertirse en objetivos de aplicación de la ley, ya sea que se registren o no, lo que afectaría directamente su labor de defensa de las comunidades de bajos ingresos e inmigrantes. El comentarista señaló que la labor de defensa de su organización a menudo depende de eventos presenciales, como manifestaciones, para impulsar propuestas de políticas, y que la IFR genera un efecto inhibidor sobre la disposición de las personas a participar en estas formas de defensa. El comentarista declaró que la IFR requeriría una mayor vigilancia y monitoreo de su comunidad, e informó que ya han sido testigos del impacto negativo de políticas similares al registro sobre el discurso político y las actividades de defensa de la organización, como su capacidad para encontrar y apoyar a miembros dispuestos a compartir sus historias para uso con la prensa, los legisladores y las redes sociales, en apoyo de la construcción de respaldo de base y del avance de los objetivos de política de la organización. Además, el comentarista declaró que durante las manifestaciones, los organizadores dedican un tiempo considerable a abordar estas preocupaciones.
A commenter expressed concern that the organization's most visible and active members could become targets for enforcement whether they register or not, directly impacting their work of advocating for low-income and immigrant communities. The commenter remarked that their organization's advocacy often relies on in-person events such as rallies to advance policy proposals and that the IFR creates a chilling effect on individuals' willingness to participate in these forms of advocacy. The commenter stated that the IFR would necessitate greater surveillance and monitoring of their community, and reported that they have already witnessed the negative impact of registration-like policies on political speech and the organization's advocacy activities, such as their ability to find and support members willing to share their stories for use with the press, legislators, and social media in support of building grassroot support and advancing the organization's policy goals. Additionally, the commenter stated that during rallies organizers spend significant time addressing these concerns.
Respuesta: Los ciudadanos y los extranjeros, por supuesto, pueden objetar diversas leyes, reglamentos y políticas y expresar esas objeciones públicamente. Esta regla no restringe la libertad de expresión, de prensa, ni de asociación o reunión pacífica. Una impugnación facial previa a la aplicación de la norma, basada en la Primera Enmienda, no puede prosperar a menos que una persona demuestre que enfrenta una "amenaza creíble de procesamiento" "en virtud de una ley [o regla] que parece hacer ilegal la expresión presuntamente protegida de la [persona]". Am. Library Ass'n v. Barr, 956 F.2d 1178, 1194 (D.C. Cir. 1992). Ese no es, ni puede ser, el caso aquí. Ni la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, ni esta regla hacen ilegal ninguna forma de expresión. La sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, simplemente exige el registro y la toma de huellas dactilares de los extranjeros que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos por 30 días o más, lo cual está claramente dentro de la prerrogativa soberana de esta nación de exigirlo. Esta regla aborda un vacío en el régimen regulatorio existente y proporciona una vía para que todos los extranjeros, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, cumplan con su obligación conforme a la ley.
Response: Citizens and aliens of course may object to various statutes, regulations, and policies and express those objections publicly. This rule does not abridge the freedom of speech, of the press, or of association or peaceful assembly. A pre-enforcement facial challenge under the First Amendment cannot lie unless an individual establishes that he or she faces a “credible threat of prosecution” “under a statute [or rule] that appears to render the [individual]'s arguably protected speech illegal.” Am. Library Ass'n v. Barr, 956 F.2d 1178, 1194 (D.C. Cir. 1992). That is not and cannot be the case here. Neither section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, nor this rule renders illegal any form of speech. Section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 simply requires registration and fingerprinting of aliens in the United States for 30 days or more, which is well within this nation's sovereign prerogative to require. This rule addresses a gap in the existing regulatory regime and provides a way for all aliens, regardless of their immigration status, to comply with their duty under the law.
El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) señala que la actividad de registro siempre ha tenido lugar, como lo demuestran los formularios enumerados en 8 CFR 264.1, de conformidad con el requisito legal que data de casi un siglo. Las preguntas del Formulario G-325R son similares a las preguntas de otros formularios de registro designados en 8 CFR 264.1(a), incluido el Formulario I-485, Solicitud de Registro de Residencia Permanente o Ajuste de Estatus.
DHS notes that registration activity has always taken place, as evidenced by the forms listed in 8 CFR 264.1, in accordance with the nearly century-old statutory requirement. The questions on the Form G-325R are similar to questions on other registration forms designated at 8 CFR 264.1(a), including the Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent or Adjust Status.
e. Igualdad de protección, perfil racial y discriminación,
e. Equal Protection, Racial Profiling, and Discrimination,
Comentario: Muchos comentaristas expresaron una preocupación general de que la Regla Final Provisional (IFR) conduciría al racismo, la xenofobia, el perfil racial o la discriminación.
Comment: Many commenters expressed a general concern that the IFR would lead to in racism, xenophobia, racial profiling, or discrimination.
Algunos comentaristas indicaron que la IFR conduciría al perfil racial, lo cual, a su vez, provocaría arrestos injustificados de ciudadanos estadounidenses y de residentes permanentes legales (LPR). Un comentarista señaló que la regla altera fundamentalmente los derechos e intereses de millones de personas, incluidos ciudadanos estadounidenses a quienes se les podría pedir que muestren "prueba" de su ciudadanía en cualquier redada discriminatoria creada por esta regla de registro, y agregó que este proceso forma parte de un ataque más amplio contra las comunidades de inmigrantes.
Some commenters indicated that the IFR would lead to racial profiling which, in turn, would lead to wrongful arrests of U.S. citizens and LPRs. A commenter said that the rule fundamentally alters the rights and interests of millions of people, including U.S. citizens who may be asked to show “proof” of their citizenship in any discriminatory dragnet created by this registration rule, adding that this process is part of a larger attack on immigrant communities.
Un comentarista declaró que la IFR tendría como objetivo particular a los extranjeros no solo por su origen nacional, sino también por su raza y etnicidad, con el fin de aumentar las estadísticas de arrestos para cumplir con cuotas. El comentarista hizo referencia a un reportaje del Washington Post que indicaba que la administración había ordenado a los funcionarios del Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE) aumentar los arrestos para cumplir con cuotas diarias, en las que cada oficina de campo debía realizar 75 arrestos por día, y los gerentes serían responsables si no cumplían con esas metas. Este comentarista y otros razonaron que el perfil racial es una certeza inevitable en un sistema en el que se incentiva a las fuerzas del orden a exigir prueba de registro sin justificación alguna. Los comentaristas señalaron que las fuerzas del orden podrían solicitar prueba de registro con base en factores como el origen étnico, el color de piel, un nombre poco común, el dominio del idioma o un acento extranjero percibido.
A commenter stated that the IFR would particularly target aliens based not only on national origin but also on race and ethnicity in order boost arrest statistics to meet quotas. The commenter referenced a Washington Post report stating that the administration has directed ICE officials to increase arrests to meet daily quotas, with each field office required to make 75 arrests per day and managers being held accountable for failing to meet these targets. This commenter and others reasoned that racial profiling is an unavoidable certainty in a system where law enforcement is encouraged to demand proof of registration without justification. Commenters said that law enforcement could ask for proof of registration based on factors such as an individual's ethnicity, skin color, uncommon name, language proficiency, or perceived foreign accent.
Otro comentarista afirmó que la aplicación de la IFR dependería del origen nacional de las personas sometidas a escrutinio por parte de los funcionarios encargados de hacer cumplir la ley, lo cual "sin duda conduciría al perfil racial, a arrestos injustificados y a la detención de ciudadanos estadounidenses y de otras personas con estatus legal". Este comentarista escribió que los ciudadanos estadounidenses ya están siendo objeto de perfil racial en la aplicación de las leyes migratorias bajo la administración Trump y que la IFR agravaría este problema. Este comentarista y otros citaron ejemplos de leyes estatales del tipo "muéstreme sus papeles", como el Proyecto de Ley del Senado de Arizona 1070, la "Ley de Apoyo a Nuestras Fuerzas del Orden y Vecindarios Seguros" (Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act), que dio lugar a demandas sobre la constitucionalidad del perfil racial contra personas latinas y asiático-estadounidenses. Varios comentaristas señalaron que ha habido informes de personas nativas americanas y otros ciudadanos estadounidenses que han sido detenidos por las autoridades de inmigración debido al perfil racial.
Another commenter stated that enforcement of the IFR would rely on the national origin of individuals under scrutiny by law enforcement officials, which would “undoubtedly lead to racial profiling, wrongful arrests, and detention of U.S. citizens and other individuals with lawful status.” This commenter wrote that U.S. citizens are already being racially profiled in immigration enforcement under the Trump administration and that the IFR would exacerbate this problem. This commenter and others cited examples of State-level “show me your papers” laws, such as Arizona Senate Bill 1070, the “Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act,” that resulted in lawsuits over the constitutionality of racial profiling against Latino and Asian Americans. Several commenters stated that there have been reports of Native Americans and other U.S. citizens who have been detained by immigration authorities due to racial profiling.
Otro comentarista declaró que el IFR agravaría los problemas que resultan de que la elaboración de perfiles raciales y étnicos sea una “piedra angular” de la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración de los Estados Unidos, citando específicamente el Modelo de Grupo de Trabajo del Programa 287(g) del Servicio de Control de Inmigración y Aduanas de los Estados Unidos (ICE, por sus siglas en inglés), que “permite que los oficiales designados pregunten sobre el estatus migratorio de las personas detenidas durante controles de tránsito de rutina y realicen arrestos basados únicamente en motivos migratorios federales”. Un comentarista escribió que la discriminación por motivo de origen nacional no debería ser legal en los Estados Unidos. Otro comentarista expresó preocupación de que el IFR afectaría a inmigrantes legales y a ciudadanos estadounidenses. Por ejemplo, al proporcionar un relato anecdótico, un comentarista escribió que ciudadanos estadounidenses fueron arrestados por hablar español. Un comentarista declaró que la discriminación por motivo de origen nacional no debería ser legal en los Estados Unidos y que el IFR no contaba con suficientes salvaguardas contra el abuso de poder gubernamental para superar el escrutinio constitucional. El comentarista también declaró que, incluso si la seguridad nacional estuviera en juego, esto no otorgaría al Gobierno Federal una licencia para violar los derechos de los extranjeros. (página impresa 39278)
Another commenter stated that the IFR would exacerbate the problems that result from racial and ethnic profiling being a “cornerstone” of U.S. immigration enforcement, specifically citing the U.S. Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE's) 287(g) Program Task Force Model, which “allows deputized officers to ask about immigration status of individuals stopped during routine traffic stops and make arrests based solely on federal immigration grounds.” A commenter wrote that discrimination on account of national origin should not be legal in the United States. Another commenter raised concern that the IFR would affect lawful immigrants and U.S. citizens. For example, providing an anecdotal account, a commenter wrote that U.S. citizens were arrested for speaking Spanish. A commenter stated that discrimination on account of national origin should not be legal in the United States and that the IFR did not have enough government-overreach-safeguards to pass constitutional muster. The commenter also stated that even if national security were at issue, it would not give the Federal Government a license to violate the rights of aliens. ( printed page 39278)
Otro comentarista escribió que la criminalización del estatus de extranjero por parte del IFR y el motivo subyacente racialmente discriminatorio del IFR, así como el “régimen de muestre-sus-papeles”, perjudicarían de manera desproporcionada a las comunidades “negras y morenas” y latinas, así como a las comunidades de color en general, que ya se encuentran encarceladas y sujetas de manera desproporcionada a detenciones policiales, interrogatorios y registros. El comentarista dijo que estas políticas llevarían a una situación en la que los ciudadanos estadounidenses de color necesitarían tener prueba de ciudadanía para evitar ser arrastrados a la aplicación de la ley y la criminalización bajo la norma.
Another commenter wrote that the IFR's criminalization of alien status and the IFR's underlying racially discriminatory motive and “show-your-paper regime” would disproportionately harm “Black and Brown” and Latino communities, as well as communities of color generally, which are already disproportionately incarcerated and subjected to police stops, questioning, and searches. The commenter said that these policies would lead to a situation in which U.S. citizens of color would need to have proof of citizenship to avoid being swept into the enforcement and criminalization under the rule.
Un comentarista declaró que, si bien algunos pueden intentar justificar la implementación de la norma debido a la necesidad de un mayor escrutinio con fines de seguridad nacional, la norma necesariamente se basará en el origen nacional, lo que inevitablemente resultará en la elaboración de perfiles raciales y en arrestos y detenciones indebidas de ciudadanos estadounidenses y de extranjeros legalmente presentes, incluidos los residentes permanentes legales. El comentarista declaró que la supuesta intención de discriminar con base en el origen nacional refleja una retórica política contra las comunidades inmigrantes y el prejuicio racial, y no una preocupación legítima por la seguridad nacional o el bienestar público de los Estados Unidos. Según el comentarista, la Orden Ejecutiva 14159 “está inherentemente fundada en el prejuicio basado en la raza y su implementación a través del IFR se basa en la premisa de que los inmigrantes que no son ciudadanos están `invadiendo' los Estados Unidos”. El comentarista escribió que “[e]l uso indebido de un término militar de guerra equipara a los migrantes, inmigrantes y solicitantes de asilo con una incursión grupal que es hostil y armada”. Otro comentarista declaró que tal enfoque también está vinculado a una retórica política contra las comunidades inmigrantes y el prejuicio racial, en lugar de preocupaciones legítimas de seguridad nacional o de interés público, haciendo referencia, como evidencia, a las declaraciones del presidente Trump, incluidas afirmaciones sobre “malos genes” e inmigrantes “envenenando la sangre de nuestro país”, así como una “invasión” de inmigrantes.
A commenter stated that while some may attempt to justify the implementation of the rule due to the necessity for increased vetting for the purposes of national security, the rule will necessarily rely on national origin, which will inevitably result in racial profiling and wrongful arrests and detention of U.S. citizens and lawfully present noncitizens including lawful permanent residents. The commenter stated that the alleged intent to discriminate based on national origin reflects political rhetoric against immigrant communities and racial prejudice, not a legitimate concern about national security or the U.S. public well-being. According to the commenter, E.O. 14159 “is inherently founded in race-based prejudice and its implementation through the IFR is based on the premise that immigrants that are not citizens are `invading' the United States. The commenter wrote that “[t]he misuse of a military term of war equates migrants, immigrants, and asylum seekers with a group incursion that is hostile and armed.” Another commenter stated that such an approach is also linked to political rhetoric against immigrant communities and racial prejudice, rather than legitimate national security or public concerns, referencing, as evidence, President Trump's statements, including claims about “bad genes” and immigrants “poisoning the blood of our country,” as well as an immigrant “invasion.”
Muchos comentaristas expresaron preocupación de que la norma conduciría a la elaboración de perfiles raciales y a violaciones de los derechos civiles que socavarían la seguridad pública. Un comentarista declaró que la sanción penal de la norma por no portar “prueba de registro” en la persona en todo momento fomenta la elaboración de perfiles raciales y los registros, incautaciones, detenciones o arrestos arbitrarios por parte de funcionarios de inmigración y agentes del orden público de personas que perciben como inmigrantes, incluidos niños y familias.
Many commenters expressed concern that the rule would lead to racial profiling and civil rights violations that would undermine public safety. A commenter stated that the rule's criminal penalty for failing to carry “proof of registration” on one's person at all times encourages racial profiling and arbitrary searches, seizures, detention or arrest by immigration officials and law enforcement officers of individuals whom they perceive to be immigrants, including children and families.
Comentaristas declararon que el IFR crearía un “ambiente hostil” y señalaría como blanco a cualquiera que fuera percibido como extranjero, perjudicando tanto a los extranjeros como a los ciudadanos estadounidenses, lo que llevaría a un exceso de vigilancia policial. Otro par de comentaristas escribieron que la implementación de esta norma probablemente resultaría en registros e incautaciones discriminatorios, así como en arrestos indebidos que afectarían tanto a ciudadanos estadounidenses como a “no ciudadanos” por igual.
Commenters stated that the IFR would create a “hostile environment” and target anyone perceived as foreign, and harm both aliens and U.S. citizens, leading to over-policing. Another couple of commenters wrote that the implementation of this rule would likely result in discriminatory searches and seizures, as well as wrongful arrests that would impact U.S. citizens and “non-citizens” alike.
Un comentarista escribió que los requisitos de la Norma Provisional Final (IFR) afectarían de manera desproporcionada a grupos vulnerables, tales como los inmigrantes de bajos ingresos y aquellos con acceso limitado a asistencia legal. Un comentarista indicó que la IFR infundiría temor en los miembros de la comunidad asiática, nativa de Hawái e isleña del Pacífico, impidiéndoles acceder a escuelas, atención médica, empleo y otros beneficios. De manera similar, un par de comentaristas escribieron que la IFR infunde temor en, o criminaliza a, miembros integrales de la comunidad asiática e isleña del Pacífico, quienes representan uno de cada siete "inmigrantes indocumentados", y los convierte en chivos expiatorios simplemente por su origen nacional, los expone a perfiles raciales, y dificulta el cumplimiento debido a las altas tasas de dominio limitado del inglés en estas comunidades.
A commenter wrote that the requirements of the IFR would disproportionately impact vulnerable groups, such as low-income immigrants and those with limited access to legal assistance. A commenter indicated that the IFR would instill fear in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander community members, preventing them from accessing schools, healthcare, employment, and other benefits. Similarly, a couple of commenters wrote that the IFR instills fear in or criminalizes integral members of the Asian and Pacific Islander community, who make up one in seven “undocumented immigrants,” and scapegoats them simply for their national origin, targets them for racial profiling, and makes compliance difficult due to high rates of limited English proficiency in these communities.
Un comentarista manifestó que la IFR no tomó en cuenta los impactos sociales y económicos que la IFR tendría sobre las comunidades minoritarias, citando ejemplos de presunta aplicación discriminatoria de las leyes de inmigración en Nueva York. Otro comentarista escribió que la política y la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración refuerzan estereotipos dañinos e inequidades sociales que afectan a todos los latinos, independientemente de su estatus legal; agregaron que, aunque los residentes permanentes cuentan con autorización legal de empleo, con frecuencia enfrentan discriminación al buscar recursos. Un comentarista manifestó que las comunidades rurales de California con una proporción desproporcionada de trabajadores agrícolas latinos ya están siendo objeto de la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración, lo cual, según el comentarista, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) caracteriza falsamente como dirigido a extranjeros con antecedentes penales. Otro comentarista escribió que la política y la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración son una herramienta de la supremacía blanca, razonando que limitan el acceso a recursos, servicios y oportunidades entre los latinos y otros inmigrantes en los Estados Unidos.
A commenter stated that the IFR did not account for the social and economic impacts that the IFR would have on minority communities, citing examples of alleged discriminatory immigration enforcement in New York. Another commenter wrote that immigration policy and enforcement reinforce harmful stereotypes and social inequities that impact all Latinos, regardless of their legal status; they added that although permanent residents have legal work authorization, they often encounter discrimination when seeking resources. A commenter stated that rural communities in California with disproportionate Latino farm workers are already being targeted for immigration enforcement, which the commenter said DHS falsely characterizes as targeting aliens with criminal records. Another commenter wrote that immigration policy and enforcement is a tool of white supremacy, reasoning that it limits access to resources, services, and opportunities among Latinos and other immigrants in the United States.
Un comentarista manifestó que la IFR y el DHS confunden a los "indocumentados" y a los "no ciudadanos" no registrados con pandilleros y delincuentes. El comentarista manifestó que, si bien la seguridad pública y la seguridad nacional de los Estados Unidos son preocupaciones importantes, la norma se origina en un enfoque equivocado y exagerado sobre la delincuencia cometida por "no ciudadanos". El comentarista hizo referencia a un memorando del Departamento de Justicia (DOJ) del 21 de enero de 2025 que vinculaba a las "pandillas transnacionales" y a los "extranjeros ilegales" con "delitos violentos brutales e intolerables" que "están aumentando rápidamente en todo el país". El comentarista indicó que esta caracterización no distingue entre delitos menores y actividades delictivas más graves. El comentarista escribió que los delitos violentos individuales cometidos por "no ciudadanos" a menudo se destacan para justificar medidas como la aprobación de la Ley Laken Riley, pero sugirió que estos incidentes se presentan sin el contexto adecuado respecto del nivel real de delincuencia cometida por extranjeros. El comentarista citó investigaciones académicas que sugieren que la actividad delictiva por parte de "no ciudadanos" no es desproporcionada en relación con la población total de los Estados Unidos.
A commenter stated that the IFR and DHS conflate “undocumented” and unregistered “noncitizens” with gang members and criminals. The commenter stated that, while U.S. public safety and national security are important concerns, the rule stems from a misplaced and exaggerated focus on crime committed by “noncitizens.” The commenter referenced a January 21, 2025, DOJ memo that linked “transnational gangs” and “illegal aliens” to “brutal and intolerant violent crime” that is “escalating rapidly across the country.” The commenter said that this characterization fails to distinguish between misdemeanors and more serious criminal activities. The commenter wrote that individual violent crimes by “noncitizens” are often highlighted to justify actions like the passage of the Laken Riley Act, but suggested these incidents are presented without proper context regarding the actual level of crime committed by aliens. The commenter cited academic research suggesting that criminal activity by “noncitizens” is not disproportionate to the U.S. population at large.
Expresando una preocupación ligeramente distinta, un comentarista escribió que la IFR no considera ni toma medidas para prevenir las cargas empresariales, los gastos de los contribuyentes y los costos de seguridad pública. Además, otro comentarista escribió que la IFR ampliaría la capacidad del DHS para arrestar y deportar de manera arbitraria a más solicitantes de asilo hacia el peligro, agregando que, aunque el DHS no tiene derecho legal a deportar a ciudadanos estadounidenses, es probable que esto se convierta en un suceso cotidiano con la implementación de esta IFR.
Expressing a slightly different concern, a commenter wrote that the IFR fails to consider or take steps to safeguard against entrepreneurial burdens, taxpayer expenditures, and public safety costs. Further, another commenter wrote that the IFR would broaden DHS's ability to arbitrarily arrest and deport more asylum seekers to danger, adding that though DHS has no lawful right to deport U.S. citizens, this is likely to become a daily occurrence with the implementation of this IFR.
De manera similar, un comentarista se opuso a la política propuesta de registro de "no ciudadanos", argumentando que conduciría a prácticas discriminatorias de aplicación de la ley. El comentarista manifestó que exigir a los "no ciudadanos" portar documentos de registro en todo momento crearía dificultades de aplicación, ya que los oficiales del DHS no tendrían una manera práctica de identificar quiénes estarían sujetos a este requisito sin recurrir a la elaboración de perfiles.
Similarly, a commenter opposed the proposed “noncitizen” registration policy, arguing it would lead to discriminatory law enforcement practices. The commenter stated that requiring “noncitizens” to carry registration documents at all times would create enforcement challenges, as DHS officers would have no practical way to identify who would be subject to this requirement without resorting to profiling.
Otro comentarista escribió además que la administración emplearía métodos arbitrarios para identificar a los "no ciudadanos" bajo esta política. Según un comentarista, aunque el propósito declarado de la IFR es fortalecer la aplicación de la ley por parte del DHS para proteger la seguridad pública y reducir los delitos violentos, es importante recordar que la igualdad de protección ante la ley significa que la actividad delictiva es causada por acciones individuales, no por la identidad o el estatus de un grupo, y un comentarista distinto manifestó que las comunidades sufrirían daños irreparables debido a los intentos de identificar y detener a presuntos extranjeros.
Another commenter further wrote that the administration would employ arbitrary methods of identifying “noncitizens” under the policy. According to a commenter, while the IFR's stated purpose is to enhance law enforcement by DHS to protect public safety and reduce violent crime, it is important to remember that equal protection under the law means criminal activity is caused by individual actions, not group identity or status, with a different commenter stating that communities would be irreparably harmed by attempts to identify and detain suspected aliens.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por el hecho de que las prácticas de aplicación de la ley pueden generar temor incluso entre los residentes permanentes legales y los ciudadanos estadounidenses, lo que conduce a (página impresa 39279) una reducción de la participación en la sociedad civil. Como ejemplo, citó un estudio sobre las leyes migratorias estrictas de Arizona y afirmó que este encontró que dichas políticas afectan negativamente, en particular, a los jóvenes latinos. Un comentarista escribió que este proceso niega todo lo que Estados Unidos debería representar y que no debería ser "restablecido" en este país. Los comentaristas también manifestaron que las prácticas de aplicación de la ley de la norma final provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) permiten el perfil racial y generan temor y ansiedad incluso entre los residentes permanentes legales y los ciudadanos estadounidenses. Los comentaristas citaron investigaciones sobre leyes migratorias estrictas, específicamente la Ley de Apoyo a Nuestras Fuerzas del Orden y Vecindarios Seguros de Arizona (Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act), que encontró que las políticas que promueven el perfil racial afectan negativamente la salud mental y el rendimiento académico de los jóvenes latinos. Los comentaristas señalaron que, si bien la norma final provisional estima que el requisito de registro afectaría directamente a entre 2 y 3 millones de personas, es probable que el perfil racial que ocurriría tenga efectos perjudiciales sobre la población más amplia de más de 63 millones de residentes latinos en Estados Unidos.
A commenter expressed concern that enforcement practices can create fear even among lawful permanent residents and U.S. citizens, which leads to ( printed page 39279) reduced participation in civil society. As an example, they cited a study on Arizona's stringent immigration laws and said that it found that such policies negatively impact Latino youths in particular. A commenter wrote that this process negates everything the United States should stand for and should not be “reinstated” in this country. Commenters also stated that the IFR's enforcement practices enable racial profiling and create fear and anxiety even among lawful permanent residents and U.S. citizens. The commenters cited research on stringent immigration laws, specifically Arizona's Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, which found that policies promoting racial profiling negatively impact Latino youths' mental health and academic achievement. The commenters stated that while the IFR estimates the registration requirement would directly impact 2 to 3 million people, the racial profiling likely to occur would have detrimental effects on the broader population of over 63 million Latino residents in the United States.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que, sin protecciones claras, el proceso de registro podría utilizarse indebidamente para dirigirse injustamente a ciertas poblaciones, en particular al dar preferencia a inmigrantes de países específicos sobre otros. Al analizar las presuntas prácticas discriminatorias bajo el antiguo programa NSEERS, otros comentaristas también señalaron que ampliar los requisitos de registro de extranjeros podría, una vez más, dar lugar a prácticas de aplicación de la ley sesgadas, erosionando la confianza entre las comunidades de inmigrantes y las agencias gubernamentales, deshumanizando a los inmigrantes e infringiendo los derechos fundamentales de los extranjeros.
A commenter voiced concern that without clear protections, the registration process could be misused to target certain populations unfairly, particularly with giving preference to immigrants from specific countries over others. While discussing allegedly discriminatory practices under the former NSEERS program, other commenters also stated that expanding alien registration requirements could once again lead to biased enforcement practices, eroding trust between immigrant communities and government agencies, dehumanizing immigrants, and infringing on aliens' basic rights.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) discrepa firmemente de la caracterización de la norma final provisional como vinculada a la retórica política en contra de las comunidades de inmigrantes y al prejuicio racial, en lugar de a preocupaciones legítimas relacionadas con la implementación de un mandato legal, así como a preocupaciones de seguridad nacional y pública. Las leyes de Estados Unidos generalmente exigen que los extranjeros se registren, ya sea como parte del proceso de visa o al estar presentes en Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más. La norma final provisional y esta norma final tienen un alcance limitado a establecer una opción general de registro para que los extranjeros cumplan, según corresponda, con su obligación legal de registrarse y ser registrados mediante huellas dactilares. Esta reglamentación no impone ninguna obligación nueva a ninguna población, ni crea un trato diferenciado motivado por prejuicio racial. De igual manera, la norma final provisional y esta norma no crean ni modifican las sanciones penales establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas, que se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y obligaciones relacionadas. La norma tampoco obliga a la expulsión de ningún extranjero del país. Los requisitos de registro se aplican a todos los extranjeros que tengan 14 años o más, que no hayan sido registrados ni se les hayan tomado las huellas dactilares, y que permanezcan en Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más. Si un extranjero no cuenta con ninguna otra vía para registrarse y para que se le tomen las huellas dactilares, puede presentar el Formulario G-325R para cumplir con su obligación conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Se espera que la norma mejore la eficacia de la aplicación de la ley del DHS y proporcione información más completa sobre la ubicación de los extranjeros en Estados Unidos, a fin de facilitar y hacer más segura la labor del DHS de hacer cumplir la ley. El mayor cumplimiento de los requisitos legales de toma de huellas dactilares proporcionaría al DHS información adicional sobre los antecedentes penales de un extranjero, incluyendo si se trata de un terrorista conocido o sospechoso. Finalmente, el DHS reitera que los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA exigen que los extranjeros, no los ciudadanos estadounidenses, se registren.
Response: DHS strongly disagrees with the characterization of the IFR as linked to political rhetoric against immigrant communities and racial prejudice, rather than legitimate concerns of implementing a statutory mandate, as well as national and public security concerns. The laws of the United States generally require aliens to register—either as part of the visa process or upon being present in the United States for 30 days or more. The IFR and this final rule are limited in scope to establish a general registration option for aliens to comply, as applicable, with their statutory duty to register and to be fingerprinted. This rulemaking does not impose any new obligations on any population, or create disparate treatment motivated by racial prejudice. Similarly, the IFR and this rule do not create or modify the criminal penalties established by Congress many decades ago that apply when aliens fail to meet their registration and related obligations. The rule also does not oblige the removal of any alien from the country. The registration requirements apply to all aliens who are 14 years or older, have not been registered and fingerprinted, and remain in the United States for 30 days or longer. If an alien does not have any other pathway to register and to be fingerprinted, the alien may file the Form G-325R to comply with their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. The rule is expected to improve DHS law enforcement efficacy and to provide more comprehensive information about the location of aliens in the United States to make it easier and safer for DHS to enforce the law. The increased compliance with statutory fingerprinting requirements would provide DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist. Finally, DHS reiterates that the alien registration requirements of the INA require aliens—not U.S. citizens—to register.
Comentario: Dos comentaristas objetaron el uso de la palabra "alien" (extranjero) en la norma final provisional por considerarla ofensiva y subjetiva, así como inexacta, y sugirieron, como parte de la incorporación de salvaguardas, cambiar el término.
Comment: Two commenters objected to the use of the word “alien” in the IFR as offensive and subjective, as well as inaccurate and suggested, as part of providing safeguards, to change the term.
Respuesta: El término "alien" (extranjero) es un término legal definido en la INA que se utiliza para describir a cualquier persona que no sea ciudadana o nacional de Estados Unidos.[39] Además, el término extranjero se utiliza en las secciones 261 a 266 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 a 1306, las secciones que describen los requisitos de registro de extranjeros.
Response: The term “alien” is a legal term defined in the INA that is used to describe any person who is not a citizen or national of the United States.[39] Moreover, the term alien is used in sections 261 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306, the sections that describe the alien registration requirements.
Comentario: Un comentarista señaló que la política integral de registro que se estableció en la Ley de Registro de Extranjeros de 1940 (Alien Registration Act of 1940) fue abandonada en las décadas posteriores a su adopción debido, en parte, a sus costos sociales y económicos, y manifestó que la aplicación de esta política de registro no lograría los objetivos de la administración, a la vez que conduciría a una selección discriminatoria de ciudadanos estadounidenses y "no ciudadanos" basada en su raza o etnia percibida.
Comment: A commenter said the comprehensive registration policy that was established in the Alien Registration Act of 1940 was abandoned in the decades following its adoption due, in part, to its social and economic costs, and stated that the enforcement of this registration policy would fail to achieve the goals of the administration while leading to discriminatory targeting of U.S. citizens and “noncitizens” based on their perceived race or ethnicity.
Al referirse a las prácticas discriminatorias bajo el antiguo programa NSEERS, otro comentarista señaló que ampliar los requisitos de registro de extranjeros podría llevar nuevamente a prácticas de aplicación sesgadas, erosionando la confianza entre las comunidades de inmigrantes y las agencias gubernamentales.
While discussing discriminatory practices under the former NSEERS program, another commenter remarked that expanding alien registration requirements could once again lead to biased enforcement practices, eroding trust between immigrant communities and government agencies.
Respuesta: Esta regla es coherente con la Orden Ejecutiva 14159 y los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Esta reglamentación establece una opción de registro general disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, con el fin de mejorar los resultados de registro de ciertos grupos de extranjeros. Esta reglamentación no modifica ni altera los requisitos legales existentes que la mayoría de los extranjeros deben cumplir conforme a los requisitos de registro establecidos por ley.
Response: This rule is consistent with E.O. 14159 and the alien registration requirements in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. This rulemaking establishes a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens, regardless of immigration status, to improve the registration outcomes of certain groups of aliens. This rulemaking does not change or modify the existing statutory requirements that most aliens must comply with the existing statutory registration requirements.
Comentario: Varios comentarios expresaron una preocupación general de que la Regla Final Provisional (IFR) violaría los derechos de igual protección garantizados en virtud de la Cláusula del Debido Proceso de la Quinta Enmienda. Citando jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema,[40] los comentaristas señalaron que la regla afectaría de manera desproporcionada a los extranjeros de comunidades de bajos ingresos que no hablan inglés y que, por lo tanto, podría violar la igual protección y debería estar sujeta a escrutinio estricto. Un comentarista advirtió que la IFR plantea preocupaciones en materia de igual protección porque sus complejos requisitos resultarían abrumadores y confusos para los extranjeros con educación formal limitada o dominio limitado del inglés. Los comentaristas expresaron una preocupación particular por las violaciones de la igual protección y la elaboración de perfiles raciales resultantes del requisito implícito de la IFR de "mostrar sus papeles".
Comment: Multiple comments expressed a general concern that the IFR would violate equal protection rights guaranteed under the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause. Citing to case law from the Supreme Court,[40] commenters indicated that the rule would disproportionately impact aliens from low-income, non-English-speaking communities and that it, therefore, may violate equal protection and should be subject to strict scrutiny. A commenter warned that the IFR raises equal protection concerns because its complex requirements would be overwhelming and confusing for aliens with limited formal education or English proficiency. Commenters expressed particular concern for equal protection violations and racial profiling resulting from the IFR's implicit “show your papers” requirement.
Un comentarista indicó que la IFR violaría los principios de igual protección porque el Formulario G-325R solo está disponible en inglés, señalando que, si bien un demandante debe probar un propósito discriminatorio para demostrar una reclamación de igual protección y la IFR es neutral en su apariencia, la administración ha hecho declaraciones y ha tomado otras medidas, como declarar el inglés como el idioma oficial de los Estados Unidos, que respaldarían el argumento de que el gobierno optó por no traducir el Formulario G-325R como parte de un esquema más amplio para limitar el acceso lingüístico en los servicios gubernamentales.
A commenter indicated that the IFR would violate equal protection principles because Form G-325R is only available in English, remarking that while a plaintiff must prove a discriminatory purpose to prove in an equal protection claim and the IFR is facially neutral, the administration has made statements and taken other actions, such as declaring English as the official U.S. language, that would support the contention that the government elected not to translate Form G-325R as part of larger scheme to limit language access in government services.
Un comentarista manifestó que, si bien existen argumentos de buena fe sobre el interés del gobierno en obtener información sobre los residentes, la IFR crearía una carga desproporcionada y perjudicial para los extranjeros sujetos a sus disposiciones y, por lo tanto, excedería ese interés gubernamental, incurriendo en violaciones de la igual protección. (página impresa 39280)
A commenter stated that while there are bona fide arguments for government interest in information about residents, the IFR would create a disproportionate and deleterious burden on aliens subject to its terms, and therefore exceeds that government interest, crossing into equal protection violations. ( printed page 39280)
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) no está de acuerdo en que esta regla viole la igual protección. La sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, es una ley neutral en su apariencia, que exige que "todo extranjero que se encuentre ahora o en el futuro en los Estados Unidos, que (1) tenga catorce años de edad o más, (2) no haya sido registrado ni tomado sus huellas dactilares conforme a [la sección 211(b) de la INA], y (3) permanezca en los Estados Unidos durante treinta días o más, solicite su registro y se tomen sus huellas dactilares antes del vencimiento de dichos treinta días". 8 U.S.C. 1302(a) (énfasis añadido). Esta regla crea asimismo un mecanismo adicional mediante el cual cualquier extranjero previamente no registrado puede cumplir con su obligación legal, independientemente del país de nacionalidad del extranjero.[41] Por lo tanto, no viola la igual protección.
Response: DHS disagrees that this rule violates equal protection. Section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, is a facially neutral law, requiring “ every alien now or hereafter in the United States, who (1) is fourteen years of age or older, (2) has not been registered and fingerprinted under [section 211(b) of the INA], and (3) remains in the United States for thirty days or longer, to apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of such thirty days.” 8 U.S.C. 1302(a) (emphasis added). This rule likewise creates an additional mechanism by which any previously unregistered alien may comply with his or her statutory duty regardless of the alien's country of nationality.[41] It thus does not violate equal protection.
f. Cuestiones relacionadas con la Cuarta Enmienda
f. Fourth Amendment Issues
Comentario: Varios comentaristas expresaron una preocupación general de que la IFR conduciría a violaciones de los derechos de la Cuarta Enmienda, tales como registros y detenciones arbitrarias tanto de ciudadanos estadounidenses como de extranjeros. Un comentarista manifestó que la implementación de la IFR sin directrices de aplicación claras y estrechamente delimitadas aumentaría el riesgo de violaciones de la Cuarta Enmienda, ya que los oficiales podrían detener e interrogar a personas sin sospecha razonable ni causa probable únicamente para verificar el estatus de registro. Este comentarista razonó que esto crearía una presunción inconstitucional de ilegalidad vinculada a la raza, una práctica rechazada desde hace mucho tiempo por los tribunales federales.
Comment: Several commenters expressed a general concern that the IFR would lead to violations of Fourth Amendment rights, such as arbitrary searches and seizures of U.S. citizens and aliens alike. A commenter stated that the IFR's implementation without clear and narrowly tailored enforcement guidelines would increase the risk of Fourth Amendment violations, as officers may stop and detain individuals without reasonable suspicion or probable cause solely to verify registration status. This commenter reasoned that this would create an unconstitutional presumption of illegality tied to race, a practice long rejected by Federal courts.
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo en que la Norma Provisional Final (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) daría lugar a violaciones de los derechos de la Cuarta Enmienda de un extranjero. El Congreso ha exigido durante mucho tiempo que los extranjeros descritos en la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, se registren y se les tomen las huellas dactilares (si así se requiere), así como que porten evidencia de registro y notifiquen al DHS sobre cualquier cambio de dirección, y es deber del DHS hacer cumplir dichas leyes. Véase la sección 103(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a); véase también la sección 7 de la Orden Ejecutiva Núm. 14159, Protección del Pueblo Estadounidense contra la Invasión (20 de enero de 2025), 90 FR 8443, 8444 (29 de enero de 2025). El objetivo de la IFR y de la norma final es garantizar que los extranjeros comprendan su deber conforme a la ley y cuenten con una vía para cumplir con dicho deber mediante el nuevo proceso y formulario de registro general. La IFR no ha modificado la autoridad existente otorgada al DHS respecto de su interacción con los extranjeros.
Response: DHS disagrees that the IFR would lead to violations of an alien's Fourth Amendment rights. Congress has long required aliens described in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, to register and be fingerprinted (if required) as well as carry evidence of registration and notify DHS of a change in address, and it is the duty of DHS to carry out those laws. See INA sec. 103(a), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a); seeE.O. No. 14159 sec. 7, Protecting the American People Against Invasion (Jan. 20, 2025), 90 FR 8443, 8444 (Jan. 29, 2025). The goal of the IFR and final rule is to ensure that aliens understand their duty under the law and have a path to comply with that duty through the new general registration process and form. The IFR has not changed the existing authority provided to DHS on engagement with aliens.
g. Cuestiones relativas a la Octava Enmienda
g. Eighth Amendment Issues
Comentario: Un comentarista planteó inquietudes de que hacer que las “personas indocumentadas” vivan con temor tanto a posibles consecuencias en su país de origen como a un “trato cruel” por parte de ICE podría constituir una violación de sus derechos bajo la Octava Enmienda. Otro comentarista expresó preocupación de que la IFR daría lugar a un encarcelamiento inhumano e ilegal, ya sea extraterritorial o indefinido. Un comentarista manifestó que las sanciones que enfrentarían los extranjeros bajo la IFR por incumplimiento son desproporcionadas con respecto a la supuesta infracción, particularmente cuando la violación es técnica o involuntaria. Citando el caso Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958), el cual determinó que el castigo debe ser proporcional a la infracción, el comentarista concluyó que la IFR viola este principio al imponer sanciones por violaciones de carácter procesal o técnico, lo cual, según dicho comentarista, constituiría un castigo cruel e inusual.
Comment: A commenter raised concerns that causing “undocumented people” to live in fear of both potential consequences in their country of origin and “cruel treatment” from ICE could constitute a violation of their Eighth Amendment rights. Another commenter expressed concern that the IFR would lead to inhumane and illegal extraterritorial or indefinite imprisonment. A commenter stated that the penalties aliens would face under the IFR for noncompliance are disproportionate to the alleged offense, particularly where the violation is technical or inadvertent. Citing Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958), which found that punishment must be proportionate to the offense, the commenter concluded that the IFR violates this principle by imposing penalties for procedural or technical violations, which the commenter said would constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
Respuesta: El Congreso ha establecido sanciones civiles y penales para una variedad de infracciones relacionadas con la inmigración. Si bien ciertos extranjeros pueden temer ser sometidos a las sanciones vinculadas con sus decisiones y acciones, esta norma no establece tales consecuencias ni infracciones. Esta norma tampoco tiene impacto alguno sobre las protecciones constitucionales de las que gozan los extranjeros dentro de los Estados Unidos. Las sanciones penales por incumplir con el registro o con los demás requisitos relacionados conforme a las secciones 262 a 265 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1305, fueron establecidas por el Congreso y también quedan fuera del alcance de esta norma.
Response: Congress has established civil and criminal penalties for a variety of offenses relating to immigration. While certain aliens may be afraid of being subjected to the penalties connected to their choices and actions, this rule does not establish any such consequences or offenses. This rule also has no impact on the constitutional protections available to aliens within the United States. The criminal penalties for failure to register or meet the other associated requirements under sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302-1305, were established by Congress and also fall outside the scope of this rule.
h. Derechos de privacidad
h. Privacy Rights
Comentario: Un comentarista escribió que la información recopilada mediante este registro no puede ser utilizada por ICE, conforme a la ley y la normativa vigentes, para sus acciones de ejecución, dado que, bajo el 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2), ICE es un organismo de ejecución civil y no una agencia de aplicación de la ley. El comentarista también señaló que la IFR no contiene ninguna designación por parte del Fiscal General para ampliar las personas con quienes se pueden compartir los registros de inscripción y de huellas dactilares, tal como lo exige el 8 U.S.C. 1304(b).
Comment: A commenter wrote that the information collected by this registration information cannot be used by ICE under existing law and regulation, for its enforcement actions because under 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2), ICE is a civil enforcement body, not a law enforcement agency. The commenter also stated that the IFR does not contain any designations by the Attorney General to expand the persons with whom registration and fingerprint records may be shared, as required under 8 U.S.C. 1304(b).
Respuesta: Durante aproximadamente 85 años, las leyes de los Estados Unidos han exigido que la mayoría de los extranjeros presentes en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más se registren y, con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, se les tomen las huellas dactilares. El DHS, mediante la IFR y esta norma final, no ha modificado los requisitos de registro existentes establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros, sino que simplemente ha prescrito un medio general para que los extranjeros se registren, tal como lo exige la ley. Los requisitos de que los extranjeros deban registrarse, actualizar su dirección ante el gobierno dentro de los 10 días posteriores a una mudanza y portar evidencia de registro consigo, también fueron establecidos por el Congreso a mediados del siglo XX. De manera similar, esta IFR no ha creado ni modificado las sanciones penales establecidas por el Congreso hace varias décadas, las cuales se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y las obligaciones relacionadas. Esta norma es congruente con la Orden Ejecutiva 14159 y con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros contenidos en las secciones 262 a 265 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1305, y establece una opción de registro general disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio.
Response: For approximately 85 years, the laws of the United States have required most aliens present in the United States for 30 days or longer to register and, with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not changed the existing statutory registration requirements or established by Congress for aliens but merely prescribed a general means for aliens to register, as required by law. The requirements that aliens are required to register, update his or her address with the government within 10 days of moving, and carry evidence of registration on their person, were also established by Congress in the middle of the 20th century. Similarly, this IFR has not created or modified the criminal penalties established by Congress many decades ago that apply when aliens fail to meet their registration and related obligations. This rule is consistent with E.O. 14159 and the alien registration requirements in sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305, and establishes a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status.
En cuanto al comentario relativo al intercambio de información conforme a la sección 264(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(b), el DHS no está de acuerdo con la opinión del comentarista de que los registros de inscripción y de huellas dactilares no pueden compartirse dentro del DHS para fines de ejecución de las leyes de inmigración, ni tampoco con la opinión del comentarista de que ICE no es, en general, una agencia de aplicación de la ley.
In regard to the comment addressing sharing of information pursuant to section 264(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(b), DHS disagrees with the commenter's view that registration and fingerprint records cannot be shared within DHS for immigration enforcement purposes, as well as the commenter's view that ICE is not a law enforcement agency in general.
Además, conforme a la sección 264(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(b), todos los registros de inscripción y de huellas dactilares “deberán ser confidenciales, y solo se pondrán a disposición”: (1) de conformidad con la sección 287(f)(2) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2) (es decir, la disposición citada por el comentarista); y (2) de las personas o agencias que el Secretario pueda designar.[42] El estatuto no ordena que únicamente USCIS registre a los extranjeros y prescriba los formularios de inscripción, ni que mantenga confidenciales los registros de inscripción de extranjeros. El estatuto confiere estas facultades al Secretario, en quien están investidas todas las facultades de USCIS, de ICE y de otros componentes del DHS.[43] Tendría poco sentido interpretar la disposición de confidencialidad en el sentido de exigir que el Secretario mantenga la información de inscripción de extranjeros confidencial frente a ICE y CBP, que son subagencias dentro del DHS, en particular a la luz de la facultad plenaria del Secretario para poner a disposición los registros de inscripción y de huellas dactilares de extranjeros “a las personas o agencias” (página impresa 39281) que él pueda designar.
Moreover, under section 264(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(b), all registration and fingerprint records “shall be confidential, and shall be made available only”: (1) pursuant to section 287(f)(2) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2) ( i.e., the provision cited by the commenter); and (2) to such persons or agencies as may be designated by the Secretary.[42] The statute does not direct USCIS alone to register aliens and prescribe registration forms, or to hold alien registration records confidential. The statute vests these authorities in the Secretary, in whom all authorities of USCIS, ICE, and other DHS components are vested.[43] It would make little sense to interpret the confidentiality provision to require the Secretary to hold alien registration information confidential as against ICE and CBP, which are subagencies within DHS, particularly in light of the Secretary's plenary authority to make alien registration and fingerprint records available “to such ( printed page 39281) persons or agencies” as he may designate.
En todo caso, la Norma Provisional Final (IFR) no modificó las prácticas del DHS relacionadas con el mantenimiento, la recopilación y el uso de la información, incluida la información de inscripción de extranjeros; dicha información ya estaba disponible para ICE y CBP incluso antes de la IFR.[44]
In any event, the IFR did not change DHS practices related to the maintenance, collection, and use of the information, including alien registration information; such information was available to ICE and CBP even before the IFR.[44]
Comentario: Varios comentaristas expresaron preocupación general de que la IFR vulneraría los derechos de privacidad de las personas. Un comentarista razonó que la inscripción obligatoria, incluidas las direcciones actuales, representa amenazas a los derechos de privacidad garantizados por la Ley de Privacidad de 1974 (Privacy Act of 1974) y por el caso Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). El comentarista señaló que los temores a una vigilancia excesiva han llevado reiteradamente al aplazamiento o rechazo de mandatos de inscripción universal, incluidas las prolongadas demoras en la implementación de la Ley REAL ID de 2005 (REAL ID Act).[45] El comentarista agregó que las preocupaciones de privacidad se ven agravadas porque la IFR no contempla ninguna excepción a los requisitos de inscripción con base en la edad, salvo algunas facilidades procesales para los extranjeros menores de 14 años. El comentarista manifestó que la protección inadecuada de la privacidad de esta información plantea consideraciones relativas a la seguridad tanto de los menores como de las personas sobrevivientes de abuso doméstico.
Comment: Several commenters expressed general concern that the IFR would violate individuals' privacy rights. A commenter reasoned that mandatory registration, including current addresses, poses threats to privacy rights guaranteed by the Privacy Act of 1974 and Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). The commenter remarked that fears of excessive surveillance have repeatedly led to the deferral or rejection of universal registration mandates, including the long-running delays in the implementation of the REAL ID Act of 2005 (REAL ID Act).[45] The commenter added that the privacy concerns are heightened because the IFR makes no exception for registration requirements based on age, only procedural allowances for aliens under the age of 14. The commenter said that the inadequate privacy protection for this information raises considerations for the safety of both minors and survivors of domestic abuse.
Un comentarista manifestó que la IFR guarda silencio sobre las protecciones de privacidad y confidencialidad asociadas con el requisito de inscripción, señalando que cualquier divulgación de información por parte del DHS recopilada conforme a la IFR debe cumplir con 8 U.S.C. 1367 y la orientación conexa.
A commenter stated that the IFR is silent on privacy and confidentiality protections associated with the registration requirement, remarking that any DHS disclosures of information collected under the IFR must comply with 8 U.S.C. 1367 and related guidance.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que la IFR no proporciona información clara respecto de su impacto en la privacidad ni de cómo se ajusta a la legislación vigente, incluidos el 8 U.S.C. 1367 y la orientación conexa, tales como la Instrucción 002-02-001 del DHS, Revisión 00.1; la Directiva 215-01 del DHS; la Instrucción 215-01-001 del DHS; y la Instrucción 215-01-002 del DHS. El comentarista señaló que la falta de claridad dificultaría que las personas, incluidas aquellas sujetas a las protecciones del 8 U.S.C. 1367 o los beneficiarios de la Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia (DACA, por sus siglas en inglés), comprendan plenamente cómo se utilizaría y compartiría su información en cumplimiento de la legislación vigente.
A commenter expressed concern that the IFR does not provide clear information regarding its privacy impact or how it comports with existing law, including 8 U.S.C. 1367 and related guidance such as DHS Instruction 002-02-001, Revision 00.1; DHS Directive 215-01; DHS Instruction 215-01-001; and DHS Instruction 215-01-002. The commenter remarked that the lack of clarity would make it difficult for individuals, including those subject to 8 U.S.C. 1367 protections or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients, to fully understand how their information would be used and shared in compliance with existing law.
Respuesta: Los extranjeros que presenten el Formulario G-325R no califican como extranjeros protegidos conforme al 8 U.S.C. 1367 en virtud de dicha presentación; sin embargo, si el extranjero está designado como extranjero protegido por otro motivo, USCIS mantiene la misma protección para el extranjero, incluida la relativa a la dirección segura. El Formulario G-325R contiene campos para la dirección postal o segura del extranjero, y, si es diferente de su dirección postal o segura, para su dirección física. Como ocurre con todos los formularios de USCIS en los que un extranjero puede proporcionar una dirección segura, si USCIS se comunica con el extranjero por correo, USCIS utilizará la dirección segura que este haya proporcionado. No obstante, en la actualidad el proceso del Formulario G-325R es completamente electrónico. Todas las notificaciones enviadas por USCIS a un extranjero se cargan en la cuenta myUSCIS del extranjero. Ninguna de las notificaciones relacionadas con el Formulario G-325R se emite por correo. Por lo tanto, no solo los extranjeros pueden proporcionar una dirección segura, conforme a la práctica de larga data de USCIS, sino que, además, USCIS en este momento no envía ningún documento por correo en relación con el Formulario G-325R.
Response: Aliens submitting G-325R do not qualify as protected aliens under 8 U.S.C. 1367, by virtue of such filing; however, if the alien is otherwise designated as a protected alien on another basis, USCIS maintains the same protection for the alien, including for the safe address. Form G-325R provides fields for the alien's mailing or safe address, and if different from his or her mailing or safe address, the alien's physical address. As with all USCIS forms in which an alien may provide a safe address, if USCIS contacts the alien through the mail, USCIS will use the safe address that he or she provides. However, the G-325R process is entirely electronic at this time. All notices sent from USCIS to an alien are uploaded to the alien's myUSCIS account. None of the notices correlating to Form G-325R are issued via mail. Therefore, not only may aliens provide a safe address, consistent with longstanding USCIS practice, USCIS does not at this time send any documents through the mail in connection with Form G-325R.
Esta norma tampoco modifica los procedimientos o prácticas del DHS y de sus subagencias destinados a proteger contra la divulgación no autorizada de información de identificación personal que el DHS recopila, difunde, utiliza o mantiene.
This rule also does not change any procedures or practices of DHS and its subagencies to protect against the unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information that DHS collects, disseminates, uses, or maintains.
i. Libertad de movimiento
i. Freedom of Movement
Comentario: Un comentarista afirmó que las sanciones financieras y penales creadas por la Norma Provisional Final (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés), relacionadas con el requisito de registrarse y actualizar direcciones, amenazarían la libertad de movimiento de las personas, un derecho afirmado por la Corte Suprema en Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168 (1868), y Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999). Con respecto a la declaración en el preámbulo de la IFR de que “todo extranjero que no haya cumplido con los requisitos de notificación de cambio de dirección establecidos en 8 U.S.C. 1305 es deportable a menos que el extranjero demuestre que dicho incumplimiento fue razonablemente justificable o no fue intencional” (citando 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(A)), el comentarista señaló que esta explicación es insuficiente porque “no proporciona ningún marco mediante el cual esta cláusula pueda ser interpretada ni por los registrantes ni por los funcionarios federales, exponiendo a los registrantes a una subjetividad indebida”.
Comment: A commenter stated that the financial and criminal penalties created by the IFR, related to the requirement to register and update addresses, would threaten individuals' freedom of movement, a right affirmed by the Supreme Court in Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168 (1868), and Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999). With respect to the statement in the IFR's preamble that “any alien who has failed to comply with the change-of-address notification requirements of 8 U.S.C. 1305 is deportable unless the alien establishes that such failure was reasonably excusable or was not willful” (citing 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(3)(A)), the commenter stated that this discussion is insufficient because it “provides no framework by which this clause may be interpreted by either registrants or federal officials, exposing registrants to undue subjectivity.”
Respuesta: Esta IFR no restringe la libertad de movimiento de un extranjero [46] ni crea ni modifica las sanciones penales, establecidas por el Congreso hace muchas décadas, que se aplican cuando los extranjeros no cumplen con sus obligaciones de registro y obligaciones relacionadas. Los requisitos de que los extranjeros deben registrarse, actualizar su dirección ante el gobierno dentro de los 10 días posteriores a una mudanza, y llevar consigo evidencia de registro, tampoco son nuevos. El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés), con la IFR y esta norma final, no ha creado estos requisitos ni modificado los deberes establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros. Proporcionar una dirección actual al DHS es responsabilidad de cada extranjero cubierto.
Response: This IFR neither restricts an alien's freedom of movement [46] nor creates or modifies the criminal penalties, established by Congress many decades ago, that apply when aliens failed to meet their registration and related obligations. The requirements that aliens are required to register, update their address with the government within 10 days of moving, and carry evidence of registration on their person are also not new. DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not created these requirements or modified the duties established by Congress for aliens. Providing a current address to DHS is the responsibility of each covered alien.
j. Separación de poderes
j. Separation of Powers
Comentario: Citando el Artículo I, Sección 8 de la Constitución, INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983), y Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), un comentarista afirmó que la IFR viola la doctrina de separación de poderes, y que las regulaciones que afectan significativamente los derechos de los inmigrantes deberían fundamentarse en legislación del Congreso, no únicamente en la elaboración de normas administrativas.
Comment: Citing Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983), and Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), a commenter stated that the IFR violates the separation of powers doctrine, and that regulations that significantly affect immigrants' rights should be grounded in congressional legislation, not solely in administrative rulemaking.
Respuesta: La IFR está firmemente fundamentada en legislación del Congreso; implementó los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de las secciones 262 a 266 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1306. Además, la sección 103(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a), así como las disposiciones de registro citadas anteriormente, otorgan una amplia autorización legal para implementar estos requisitos de registro. Estas leyes fueron debidamente promulgadas por el Congreso. El DHS no está de acuerdo con los comentaristas en que la IFR adolezca de algún defecto de separación de poderes.
Response: The IFR is firmly grounded in congressional legislation; it implemented the alien registration requirements of sections 262 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1306. Additionally, section 103(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a), as well as the registration provisions cited previously, provide broad statutory authorization to implement these registration requirements. These laws are duly enacted by Congress. DHS disagrees with the commenters that the IFR suffers from any separation-of-powers defect.
4. El cumplimiento de la IFR con el derecho internacional
4. The IFR's Compliance With International Law
Comentario: Un comentarista afirmó que la IFR violaría las obligaciones legales internacionales de los Estados Unidos hacia los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo, obligaciones derivadas del Protocolo de 1967 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados que han sido implementadas en el derecho interno de los Estados Unidos a través de la Ley de Refugiados (página impresa 39282) de 1980 y que han sido interpretadas por la Corte Suprema en INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421, 426 (1987). El comentarista señaló que, a nivel internacional, los requisitos de registro tienen la intención de facilitar la protección de los refugiados, pero que la IFR parece tener la intención de usar el registro como un método para señalar a personas con fines de expulsión. El comentarista escribió que el objetivo declarado de la E.O. 14159 es “ejecutar fielmente las leyes de inmigración de los Estados Unidos”, pero que esto no reconoce que dichas leyes incluyen la Ley de Refugiados, y que dicha ejecución fiel incluye otorgar asilo y otras protecciones humanitarias según corresponda. El comentarista criticó la IFR, señalando que no toma en cuenta dichas protecciones.
Comment: A commenter stated that the IFR would violate U.S. international legal obligations to refugees and asylum seekers, obligations stemming from the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees that have been implemented in domestic U.S. law through the Refugee ( printed page 39282) Act of 1980 and that have been interpreted by the Supreme Court in INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421, 426 (1987). The commenter remarked that, internationally, registration requirements are intended to facilitate the protection of refugees but that the IFR appears to intend to use registration as a method to target individuals for removal. The commenter wrote that E.O. 14159's purported aim is to “faithfully executing the immigration laws of the United States,” but it does not acknowledge that those laws include the Refugee Act, and that such faithful execution includes providing asylum and other humanitarian protections as appropriate. The commenter criticized the IFR, stating that it fails to take such protections into account.
Más específicamente, el comentarista citó el Artículo 31(1) de la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados, que establece que, en general, no se debe sancionar penalmente a los refugiados por su entrada o presencia ilegal cuando lleguen directamente de territorios donde su vida o libertad estén amenazadas, se presenten sin demora ante las autoridades y expongan causa justificada de su entrada o presencia irregular, salvo bajo ciertas circunstancias especificadas. Al señalar que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) carece de claridad respecto a si se aplica, y cómo se aplica, a los extranjeros que son asilados, solicitantes de asilo y personas con necesidades de protección que aún no han solicitado asilo, y que no contempla disposición alguna para la consideración de sus circunstancias individuales, el comentarista concluyó que las sanciones civiles y penales de la IFR, si se aplicaran a los refugiados, generalmente constituirían sanciones de ese tipo prohibidas según el derecho internacional. Finalmente, el comentarista expresó preocupación de que el requisito de registro pudiera conducir directamente a la expulsión de refugiados en violación de los requisitos de no devolución, o bien, para los extranjeros que se encuentran en el proceso de solicitud de asilo o que lo han completado, de que las sanciones por incumplimiento del registro pudieran dar lugar a una determinación discrecional negativa de asilo o interferir posteriormente con su ajuste de estatus o naturalización.
More specifically, the commenter cited Article 31(1) of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which establishes that refugees generally may not be penalized for their illegal entry or presence when they come directly from territories where their life or freedom is threatened, present themselves without delay to the authorities, and show good cause for their irregular entry or presence save under certain specified circumstances. Stating that the IFR lacks clarity with respect to whether and how it applies to aliens who are asylees, asylum applicants, and people with protection needs who have not yet applied for asylum, and that it makes no provision for consideration of their individual circumstances, the commenter concluded that the IFR's civil and criminal penalties, if applied to refugees, would generally constitute such impermissible penalties according to international law. Finally, the commenter expressed concern that the registration requirement could lead directly to refugees being removed in violation of non-refoulement requirements, or, for aliens who are in or have completed the asylum application process, that registration noncompliance penalties could lead to either a negative discretionary asylum determination or interfere later with their adjustment of status or naturalization.
Otros comentaristas señalaron que la IFR infringiría los derechos humanos mediante una interferencia arbitraria con la privacidad, la familia y el hogar. Los comentaristas observaron que había información inadecuada sobre la protección de información confidencial. Si bien reconocieron la autoridad del gobierno para regular la inmigración, los comentaristas caracterizaron la IFR como un esfuerzo para intimidar a los extranjeros que corre el riesgo de violar los derechos humanos.
Other commenters stated that the IFR would infringe on human rights through arbitrary interference with privacy, family, and home law. The commenters noted inadequate information on safeguarding confidential information. While acknowledging the government's authority to regulate immigration, the commenters characterized the IFR as an effort to intimidate aliens that risks violating human rights.
Respuesta: La IFR y esta norma tienen un alcance limitado a establecer una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. Un extranjero al que se le haya expedido uno de los documentos designados como prueba de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b) ya se ha registrado, y un extranjero que haya presentado uno de los formularios designados en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y haya proporcionado sus huellas dactilares (salvo que se exima de este requisito), pero al que no se le haya expedido uno de los documentos de prueba de registro designados en el 8 CFR 264.1(b), ha cumplido con el requisito de registro de la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Si un extranjero no cuenta con ninguna otra vía para registrarse y ser registrado mediante huellas dactilares, el extranjero puede presentar el Formulario G-325R para cumplir con su obligación conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
Response: The IFR and this rule are limited in scope to establish a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. An alien who has been issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b) has already registered, and an alien who has submitted one of the forms designated at 8 CFR 264.1(a) and provided fingerprints (unless waived), but was not issued one of the evidence of registration designated at 8 CFR 264.1(b), has complied with the registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. If an alien does not have any other pathway to register and to be fingerprinted, the alien may file the Form G-325R to comply with their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
Además, ni la Convención de 1951 sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados ni su Protocolo de 1967 impiden que los estados parte exijan a los refugiados que se registren ante las autoridades de inmigración. De hecho, el Artículo 2 de la Convención establece: "Todo refugiado tiene, respecto del país donde se encuentra, deberes que, en especial, entrañan la obligación de acatar sus leyes y reglamentos, así como las medidas adoptadas para el mantenimiento del orden público". Y el Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR) fomenta el registro oportuno de los extranjeros que buscan protección como refugiados.[47]
Moreover, neither the 1951 Refugee Convention nor its 1967 Protocol preclude state parties from requiring refugees to register with immigration authorities. Indeed, Article 2 of the Convention states, “Every refugee has duties to the country in which he finds himself, which require in particular that he conform to its laws and regulations as well as to measures taken for the maintenance of public order.” And the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) encourages the prompt registration of aliens seeking refugee protection.[47]
E. Aplicabilidad
E. Applicability
1. Aplicabilidad general
1. General Applicability
Comentario: Varios comentaristas expresaron su preocupación de que la norma y el nuevo proceso de registro generan confusión en torno a quién debe registrarse y quién está exento. Los comentaristas señalaron que la IFR y los requisitos de registro causaron confusión y carecían de claridad y que, por lo tanto, la IFR conduciría a errores y daría lugar a que inmigrantes legales fueran sancionados injustamente por no portar prueba de registro. Los comentaristas expresaron asimismo su preocupación de que la norma resulte confusa respecto a quién se considera registrado y carezca de claridad para las personas que ya han presentado formularios de inmigración y que posiblemente hayan asistido a citas biométricas de USCIS.
Comment: Several commenters expressed concern that the rule and the new registration process creates confusion surrounding who is required to register and who is exempt. Commenters stated that the IFR and registration requirements caused confusion and lacked clarity and, therefore, the IFR would lead to errors and result in legal immigrants being wrongly penalized for not carrying proof of registration. Commenters similarly expressed concern that the rule is confusing about who is considered registered and lacks clarity for individuals who have already filed immigration forms and may have attended USCIS biometrics appointments.
Otro comentarista escribió que la naturaleza “confusa” de la Norma Provisional Final (IFR), junto con la ansiedad y el miedo generados por los mayores esfuerzos de la administración en materia de aplicación de las leyes de inmigración, podría dar lugar a la propagación de información errónea, con consecuencias “drásticas” incluso para personas que no están sujetas al requisito. El comentarista escribió que la combinación de la confusión sobre cómo registrarse con la eliminación repentina del estatus legal constituye una trampa. Otros comentaristas señalaron que los mayores obstáculos burocráticos pueden desalentar o complicar el cumplimiento. Un par de comentaristas indicaron que la IFR agrega complejidad innecesaria a un sistema de inmigración que ya es complejo. Un comentarista escribió que la IFR genera confusión y temor, particularmente entre los inmigrantes que posiblemente ya se consideren registrados a través de otros procesos. Otro comentarista reiteró que la IFR genera confusión entre quienes creen que ya han presentado prueba de registro, y que la omisión de ciertos documentos de inmigración comunes dentro de la IFR agrava el potencial de confusión. Un comentarista indicó que, al imponer requisitos de registro con sanciones penales por incumplimiento, se trata a los inmigrantes como objetivos de aplicación de la ley, independientemente de su estatus legal o historial.
Another commenter wrote that the “confusing” nature of the IFR, coupled with the anxiety and fear, driven by the administration's enhanced immigration enforcement efforts, could lead to the spread of misinformation, with “drastic” consequences even for individuals not subject to the requirement. The commenter wrote that the combination of confusion on how to register with the sudden removal of legal status is entrapment. Other commenters stated that increased bureaucratic hurdles may discourage or complicate compliance. A couple of commenters stated that the IFR adds unnecessary complexity to an already complex immigration system. A commenter wrote that the IFR creates confusion and fear, particularly for immigrants who may already be considered registered through other processes. Another commenter echoed that the IFR creates confusion among those who believe they have already submitted proof of registration, and the omission of certain common immigration documents within the IFR exacerbates the potential for confusion. A commenter stated that, by imposing registration requirements with criminal penalties for noncompliance, it treats immigrants as enforcement targets, regardless of their legal status or history.
Un comentarista expresó su preocupación de que el enfoque de la IFR respecto de los formularios de inmigración para los requisitos de registro era inadecuado y generaría estrés, miedo y confusión entre las personas presentes legalmente que deberían considerarse registradas. El comentarista además señaló que había escuchado de miembros de la comunidad que actores inescrupulosos estaban aprovechando esta confusión prometiendo la residencia permanente a través del proceso de registro y confundiendo deliberadamente “Registry” (registro histórico) con “Registration” (registro) para defraudar a personas vulnerables.
A commenter expressed concern that the IFR's approach to immigration forms for registration requirements was inadequate and would create stress, fear, and confusion among lawfully present individuals who should be considered registered. The commenter additionally stated that they had heard from community members that unscrupulous actors were exploiting this confusion by promising permanent residency through the registration process and deliberately conflating “Registry” with “Registration” to defraud vulnerable individuals.
Específicamente, los comentaristas expresaron preocupación de que sería difícil para las personas evaluar con precisión si se han registrado previamente debido a la falta de orientación en el IFR y, por lo tanto, esto llevaría a que las personas no presenten el Formulario G-325R. Los comentaristas expresaron una preocupación particular sobre las listas enumeradas de formularios de registro y formularios que constituyen evidencia de registro; los comentaristas declararon que estas listas de formularios no incluyen todos los formularios que parecerían cumplir con los requisitos mínimos para el registro y las huellas dactilares según lo prescrito en la INA. Un comentarista dijo que aquellos que han presentado formularios de solicitud de inmigración extensos y detallados y se han sometido a la toma de huellas dactilares y datos biométricos razonablemente creerían que ya están registrados. (página impresa 39283)
Specifically, commenters expressed concern that it would be difficult for individuals to accurately assess whether they have previously registered because of the lack of guidance in the IFR, and, therefore, would lead to individuals failing to file Form G-325R. Commenters expressed particular concern about the enumerated lists of registration forms and forms that constitute evidence of registration; commenters stated that these lists of forms do not include all forms that would appear to meet the threshold requirements for registration and fingerprints as prescribed in the INA. A commenter said that those who have submitted lengthy and detailed immigration application forms and undergone fingerprinting and biometrics would reasonably believe that they are already registered. ( printed page 39283)
Un comentarista escribió que es posible que las personas no sepan si su admisión en una frontera de los Estados Unidos fue conforme a un permiso de permanencia temporal (parole) o no, y que es posible que no tengan una manera fácil de saber si se les emitió un Aviso de Comparecencia (NTA), dada la amplia variación en el procesamiento de casos en la frontera sur de los Estados Unidos. El comentarista dijo que sus miembros y clientes generalmente no saben qué documentos se les emitieron en la frontera y muchos han perdido sus documentos para cuando llegan a su lugar de residencia. El comentarista planteó preocupaciones adicionales sobre la confusión, señalando, por ejemplo, que no a todos sus miembros a quienes se les emitió un NTA se les tomaron las huellas dactilares en el proceso. Dijeron que la sugerencia de la norma de que no necesitan hacer nada más para ser considerados “registrados” no deja ninguna orientación y plantea interrogantes sobre si también necesitan cumplir con el requisito de toma de huellas dactilares. El comentarista planteó la misma pregunta para las personas que presentan el Formulario I-485 y para quienes no está claro si se les tomaron las huellas dactilares previamente o si alguna toma de huellas dactilares previa, posiblemente de hace décadas, es suficiente para los fines del registro. Otros comentaristas dijeron que el lenguaje poco claro del IFR hace que los requisitos sean difíciles de entender, particularmente para aquellos con estatus de DACA o TPS que técnicamente están registrados ante el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, pero que tendrían que volver a registrarse solo si no tuvieran un permiso de trabajo.
A commenter wrote that individuals may not know whether their admission at a U.S. border was pursuant to parole or not, and they may not have an easy way to tell whether an NTA was issued to them, given the wide variation in case processing at the southern U.S. border. The commenter said that its members and clients generally do not know which documents were issued to them at the border and many have lost their documents by the time they reach their place of residence. The commenter raised additional concerns about confusion stating, for instance, that not all of their members who were issued NTAs were fingerprinted in the process. They said that the rule's suggestion that they do not need to do anything else to be considered “registered” leaves no guidance and questions about whether they also need to comply with the fingerprinting requirement. The commenter raised the same question for individuals who submit Form I-485 and for whom it is unclear whether they were previously fingerprinted or if any prior fingerprinting, potentially decades ago, is sufficient for purposes of the registration. Other commenters said that opaque language in the IFR makes the requirements difficult to understand, particularly for those with DACA or TPS status who are technically registered with the U.S. Government but would have to re-register only if they did not have a work permit.
Respuesta: En la medida en que exista confusión sobre si un extranjero determinado ha cumplido con sus obligaciones de registro, la Norma Provisional Final (IFR) no es responsable de dicha confusión, y de hecho puede ayudar a disiparla. La IFR ayudó a garantizar que todos los extranjeros tuvieran una forma directa de cumplir con sus obligaciones de registro de extranjeros. La IFR no creó obligaciones de registro de extranjeros ni impuso nuevas consecuencias a los extranjeros por no cumplir con dichas obligaciones; el requisito de registrarse, el requisito de portar prueba de registro, y las consecuencias por no hacerlo son todos creaciones de la ley. Y el Presidente ordenó al DHS y al DOJ que priorizaran la implementación y aplicación total de la ley. Si un extranjero no estaba seguro de su estatus de registro antes de la IFR o había perdido los documentos necesarios para cumplir con los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA, el extranjero podría hoy ver la necesidad de aclarar su estatus de registro o solicitar un documento de reemplazo; pero eso no es una función de la IFR.
Response: To the extent that confusion exists regarding whether a given alien has met their registration obligations, the IFR is not responsible for such confusion, and may in fact help abate it. The IFR helped ensure that all aliens have a straightforward way to comply with their alien registration obligations. The IFR did not create alien registration obligations or impose new consequences on aliens for failing to meet those obligations; the requirement to register, the requirement to carry evidence of registration, and the consequences for failing to do so are all creatures of statute. And the President directed DHS and DOJ to prioritize full implementation and enforcement of the law. If an alien was unsure about their registration status prior to the IFR or had lost documents necessary to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA, the alien might today see a need to clarify his or her registration status or seek a replacement document; but that is not a function of the IFR.
Además de la IFR que dio a conocer la obligación legal de los extranjeros no registrados en los Estados Unidos de cumplir con los requisitos de registro, el Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS) estableció un sitio web dedicado con información sobre el ARR y creó una Herramienta ARR que puede ayudar a los extranjeros a determinar si deben registrarse.48
In addition to the IFR that publicized the legal obligation of unregistered aliens in the United States to comply with the registration requirements, USCIS established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and created an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.48
En principio, el DHS está de acuerdo en que si un formulario de solicitud contiene los elementos de datos para el registro de extranjeros descritos en 8 U.S.C. 1304(a) y el extranjero ha cumplido con los requisitos de toma de huellas dactilares pertinentes, el DHS debería considerar designar dicho formulario de solicitud y la evidencia de registro relacionada conforme a 8 CFR 264.1(a) y (b). En la sección V.A de este preámbulo, el DHS solicita comentarios sobre una serie de formularios potenciales que el DHS podría designar en una fecha futura.
In principle, DHS agrees that if an application form contains the data elements for alien registration described in 8 U.S.C. 1304(a) and the alien has satisfied relevant fingerprinting requirements, DHS should consider designating such application form and related evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b). In section V.A of this preamble, DHS seeks comment on a number of potential forms that DHS may designate at a future date.
Comentario: Un comentarista escribió de manera similar que el Departamento no consideró los efectos de la IFR en el grupo más amplio de extranjeros que se han registrado, dejando una “serie preocupante de cuestiones prácticas sin abordar”. El comentarista cuestionó si se exigiría a los residentes permanentes legales (LPR) portar una copia física de su Tarjeta Verde (Green Card) en todo momento, o si bastaría con una fotocopia. El comentarista también cuestionó qué deberían hacer las personas si una Tarjeta Verde se pierde o es robada, dado que los tiempos de procesamiento para reemplazar una Tarjeta Verde son de más de 2 años. Además, el comentarista preguntó si aquellos considerados registrados por haber presentado una solicitud de beneficios, como el Formulario I-485, estarían obligados a portar siempre consigo una copia de la solicitud de 24 páginas. Asimismo, para aquellos cuyo registro depende de haber sido sometidos a procedimientos de expulsión en un tribunal de inmigración, el comentarista preguntó si deben portar una copia de un Aviso de Comparecencia (NTA), incluso si esos procedimientos concluyeron hace años o décadas.
Comment: A commenter similarly wrote that the Department failed to consider the effects of the IFR on the broader pool of aliens who have registered, leaving a “troubling array of practical issues unaddressed.” The commenter questioned whether LPRs would be required to carry a physical copy of their Green Card at all times, or whether a photocopy would suffice. The commenter further questioned what individuals should do if a Green Card is lost or stolen, as processing times for replacing a Green Card are over 2 years. Additionally, the commenter asked whether those deemed registered by submitting a benefits application, such as a Form I-485, would be required to always carry a copy of the 24-page application on their person. Additionally, for those whose registration hinges on their having been placed into immigration court removal proceedings, the commenter asked whether they must carry a copy of an NTA, even if those proceedings concluded years or decades ago.
Respuesta: La IFR no modificó el requisito de que los extranjeros a quienes se les emite evidencia de registro la porten consigo. La IFR llenó un vacío en el reglamento al añadir una opción general para los extranjeros no registrados que anteriormente no contaban con una forma directa de cumplir con los requisitos de registro estatutarios existentes. Dichos extranjeros pueden registrarse utilizando el Formulario G-325R y portar una copia del Comprobante de Registro de Extranjero G-325R del USCIS, o su formulario sucesor.
Response: The IFR did not change the requirement that aliens issued evidence of registration carry such evidence on their person. The IFR filled a gap in the regulation by adding a general option for unregistered aliens who previously did not have a straightforward way to comply with the existing statutory registration requirements. Such aliens may register using the Form G-325R and carry a copy of the USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration, or its successor form.
La IFR no tuvo efectos sobre los LPR, ya que los LPR se consideran registrados y se les emite una tarjeta de residente permanente como evidencia de registro.[49] Dichas personas no se ven afectadas por la designación en la IFR del Formulario G-325R como formulario de registro. El DHS señala que, según lo exige la ley, los LPR de 18 años de edad o más deben portar su evidencia de registro consigo. Véase la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). Si la tarjeta de residente permanente de un LPR se pierde o es robada y el LPR presenta el Formulario I-90 para reemplazar su tarjeta, el LPR podría obtener evidencia temporal de estatus de LPR, como un sello de Identificación de Documentación y Telecomunicación de Extranjero (ADIT) (también conocido como sello I-551). Véase 8 CFR 264.5(h). Las agencias del DHS tienen acceso a las bases de datos del DHS, las cuales contienen información sobre un Formulario I-90 pendiente. De manera similar, las agencias del DHS tienen acceso a la base de datos del DHS para confirmar una solicitud de ajuste de estatus pendiente y si a un extranjero se le han tomado las huellas dactilares como parte de dicha solicitud.
The IFR had no effects on LPRs, because LPRs are considered registered and are issued a permanent resident card as evidence of registration.[49] Such persons are not affected by the IFR's prescribing of the Form G-325R as a registration form. DHS notes that, as required by statute, LPRs 18 years of age or older must carry their evidence of registration on their person. See INA sec. 264(e), 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). If an LPR's permanent resident card is lost or stolen and the LPR files the Form I-90 to replace his or her card, the LPR could obtain temporary evidence of LPR status, such as an Alien Documentation Identification and Telecommunication (ADIT) stamp (also known as an I-551 stamp). See8 CFR 264.5(h). DHS agencies have access to DHS databases, which contain information regarding a pending Form I-90. Similarly, DHS agencies have access to DHS database to confirm a pending adjustment of status application and whether an alien has been fingerprinted as part of that application.
Si la prueba de registro de un extranjero es el Formulario I-862, Aviso de Comparecencia, el extranjero debe portar esa prueba de registro y tenerla siempre en su posesión personal, según lo exige la ley. Véase 8 U.S.C. 1304(e); 8 CFR 264.1(b). Sin embargo, ese requisito no es una función de esta norma, sino una función de los requisitos de registro de extranjeros de la INA y de reglamentos de larga data.
If an alien's evidence of registration is the Form I-862, Notice to Appear, the alien must carry that evidence of registration and always have that evidence in their personal possession as required by the law. See8 U.S.C. 1304(e); 8 CFR 264.1(b). But that requirement is not a function of this rule; it is a function of the alien registration requirements of the INA and longstanding regulations.
2. Aplicabilidad a menores de edad
2. Applicability to Minors
a. Consideraciones legales sobre la aplicabilidad a menores de edad
a. Legal Considerations of Applicability to Minors
Comentario: Múltiples comentaristas abordaron las implicaciones legales de aplicar los requisitos de registro a menores de edad. Los comentaristas señalaron que la aplicación de la norma provisional final (IFR) a menores de edad suscitaría numerosas preocupaciones y "pone de manifiesto la naturaleza desactualizada de la ley en la que se basa esta norma". Estos comentaristas observaron que, en las décadas transcurridas desde que se redactó la Ley de Registro de Extranjeros, nuestra comprensión de la niñez y la adolescencia ha evolucionado, incluyendo leyes posteriores que reconocen las vulnerabilidades y diferencias únicas y significativas de los niños. Para respaldar su posición sobre lo que perciben como un alejamiento de la norma provisional final respecto de la ley y la ciencia predominantes sobre la niñez y la adolescencia, los comentaristas citaron ejemplos de jurisprudencia, como Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005); In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967); y Matter of Devison, 22 I&N Dec. 1362 (BIA 2000). Un comentarista, haciéndose eco de estas observaciones, señaló que el derecho migratorio ha reconocido desde hace tiempo una distinción entre el derecho juvenil y el de adultos, y que los niños no han sido sometidos a los mismos estándares que los adultos.
Comment: Multiple commenters discussed the legal implications of applying registration requirements to minors. Commenters said the application of the IFR to minors would raise numerous concerns and “belies the outdated nature of the law on which this rule is based.” These commenters remarked that in the decades since the Alien Registration Act was written, our understanding of childhood and adolescence has evolved, including intervening law that recognizes the unique, significant vulnerabilities and differences of children. To support their position on the IFR's perceived departure from the prevailing law and science of childhood and adolescence, commenters cited examples of case law, such as Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005); In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967); and Matter of Devison, 22 I&N Dec. 1362 (BIA 2000). A commenter, echoing these remarks, said that immigration law has long recognized a distinction between juvenile and adult law, and children have not been held to the same standards as adults.
Múltiples comentaristas escribieron que exigir a los niños de entre 14 y 18 años que se registren y proporcionen sus datos biométricos (huellas dactilares) contraviene normas de larga data en el sistema jurídico estadounidense. Los comentaristas escribieron que los expertos en justicia juvenil coinciden en que (página impresa 39284) las políticas de justicia juvenil y las partes interesadas deben evitar exponer a los jóvenes al sistema de justicia penal juvenil. Por lo tanto, razonaron los comentaristas, esperar que un niño en edad de escuela intermedia o secundaria conozca, comprenda y complete el complejo proceso y las implicaciones del registro ante el Gobierno Federal, o de lo contrario enfrentar exposición al sistema penal juvenil de los Estados Unidos por incumplimiento, sería "indebidamente gravoso y severo, además de inapropiado e infundado". Un comentarista, citando la Ley de Delincuencia Juvenil y 18 U.S.C. 5031 y 5032, observó que, si bien los estados determinan su propia edad de mayoría de edad, conforme al derecho federal, las personas menores de 18 años generalmente se consideran demasiado jóvenes para asumir plena responsabilidad penal y, por lo general, son procesadas a través de los tribunales juveniles estatales, y el enjuiciamiento como adultos ocurre solo en circunstancias específicas relacionadas con delitos violentos. El comentarista expresó preocupación por que las infracciones de los requisitos de registro y datos biométricos podrían potencialmente clasificar a los niños como "delincuentes juveniles" por no cumplir con regulaciones administrativas que quizás no comprendan completamente. El comentarista señaló que, para los menores extranjeros de 14 a 18 años, el cumplimiento de los requisitos de registro presupone que estos adolescentes tienen pleno conocimiento de su estatus migratorio y pueden actuar legalmente de manera independiente. El comentarista concluyó que canalizar a los niños extranjeros hacia los sistemas de tribunales juveniles o federales como consecuencia del incumplimiento de los requisitos de registro y datos biométricos podría potencialmente comprometer el bienestar de los niños e imponer cargas legales inapropiadas a los menores de edad.
Multiple commenters wrote that requiring children between the ages of 14 and 18 years old to register and be fingerprinted runs contrary to longstanding norms in the U.S. legal system. The commenters wrote that juvenile justice experts agree that ( printed page 39284) juvenile justice policies and stakeholders should avoid exposing youth to the criminal juvenile justice system. Thus, the commenters reasoned, expecting that a child of middle- or high-school age would be aware of, understand, and complete the complex process and implications of registration with the Federal Government or face exposure to the U.S. criminal juvenile system for failure to comply would be “unduly burdensome and harsh, as well as inappropriate and unfounded.” A commenter, citing the Juvenile Delinquency Act and 18 U.S.C. 5031 and 5032, remarked that while States determine their own age of majority, under Federal law, individuals under 18 are typically considered too young to bear full criminal responsibility and are generally processed through State juvenile courts, with adult prosecution occurring only in specific circumstances involving violent crimes. The commenter expressed concern that violations of registration and biometric requirements could potentially classify children as “juvenile delinquents” for failing to comply with administrative regulations they may not fully understand. The commenter pointed out that for alien minors aged 14 to 18, compliance with registration requirements assumes these adolescents have complete knowledge of their immigration status and can independently take legal action. The commenter concluded that channeling alien children into juvenile or Federal court systems as a consequence of noncompliance with registration and biometric requirements could potentially compromise children's wellbeing and place inappropriate legal burdens on minors.
Un comentarista afirmó que los requisitos de registro conforme a la norma provisional final (IFR) afectarían negativamente la seguridad, la salud y el bienestar de los niños, así como la integridad familiar. El comentarista sugirió que esto desafiaría los estándares universales establecidos en los tribunales estatales, así como en múltiples aspectos del derecho migratorio, que consideran el interés superior del niño. Específicamente, el comentarista escribió que los 50 estados y el Distrito de Columbia exigen a los tribunales considerar el interés superior del niño (por ejemplo, la seguridad y el bienestar del niño; sus intereses expresados; su salud; y sus derechos a la integridad familiar, la libertad, el desarrollo y la identidad) en las decisiones sobre la custodia, la ubicación u otros asuntos críticos de la vida del niño. Al proporcionar observaciones y ejemplos detallados, incluyendo la orientación de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Revisión de Inmigración (EOIR, por sus siglas en inglés) que exige a los jueces de inmigración "emplear procedimientos apropiados para la edad siempre que un menor demandado o testigo esté presente en la sala del tribunal", el comentarista afirmó que esa misma conciencia sobre lo que es mejor para los niños no se refleja en la norma provisional final.
A commenter stated that the registration requirements under the IFR would negatively impact children's safety, health and well-being, and their family integrity. The commenter suggested that this would defy universal standards found in State courts as well as multiple aspects of immigration law, which consider a child's best interests. Specifically, the commenter wrote that all 50 States and the District of Columbia require courts to consider a child's best interests ( e.g., the child's safety and well-being; expressed interests; health; and their rights to family integrity, liberty, development, and identity) in decisions about the child's custody, placement, or other critical life issues. While providing detailed remarks and examples, including Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) guidance requiring immigration judges to “employ age-appropriate procedures whenever a juvenile respondent or witness is present in the courtroom,” the commenter stated that this same awareness of what is best for children is not reflected in the IFR.
Respuesta: El Congreso, mediante los términos expresos de la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, tuvo la intención de que el ARR se aplicara a los extranjeros de 14 años de edad o más. Es deber del DHS administrar y hacer cumplir esa ley. Véase la sección 103(a)(1) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a)(1); véase también la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, sección 7, 90 FR 8443 (20 de enero de 2025). Como se explicó en la IFR, la IFR no impuso ninguna nueva obligación de registro o toma de huellas dactilares distinta de las obligaciones ya contenidas en la INA, incluso para los niños que cumplen 14 años de edad. Los padres y tutores legales de los extranjeros menores de 14 años, no los propios niños, deben asegurarse de que esos niños extranjeros estén registrados.
Response: Congress, by the express terms of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, intended that the ARR apply to aliens 14 years of age or older. It is the duty of DHS to administer and enforce that law. See INA sec. 103(a)(1), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a)(1); seeE.O. 14159 sec. 7, 90 FR 8443 (Jan. 20, 2025). As explained in the IFR, the IFR did not impose any new registration or fingerprinting obligations separate from the obligations already contained in the INA, including for children who turn 14 years of age. Parents and legal guardians of aliens under the age of 14, not the children themselves, must ensure that those alien children are registered.
b. Acceso a la información, comprensión y consideraciones de desarrollo para menores de edad
b. Information Access, Comprehension, and Developmental Considerations for Minors
Comentario: Los comentaristas expresaron preocupación de que la IFR sometería a los niños a requisitos de reporte "invasivos". Otro comentarista escribió de manera similar que el requisito de que los no ciudadanos estadounidenses de 14 años o más se registren, proporcionen sus huellas dactilares y proporcionen su dirección actual constituye una "extralimitación". El comentarista razonó que los derechos de los niños deberían estar protegidos por la ley, y que muchos extranjeros ya están registrados (por ejemplo, mediante el Formulario I-94, un EAD, o una visa de no inmigrante o de inmigrante). Por lo tanto, el comentarista concluyó que esta política no proporcionaría ninguna protección adicional, sino que, por el contrario, invadiría los derechos de los niños y generaría temor.
Comment: Commenters expressed concern that the IFR would subject children to “invasive” reporting requirements. Another commenter similarly wrote that the requirement that non-U.S. citizens aged 14 and older register, provide fingerprints, and list their current address is an “overstep.” The commenter reasoned that children's rights should be protected by the law, and many aliens are already registered ( e.g., via Form I-94, an EAD, or nonimmigrant or immigrant visa). Thus, the commenter concluded, this policy would not provide any additional protection, but, instead, would encroach on the rights of children and produce fear.
Numerosos comentaristas consideraron que los requisitos de reporte para menores de edad eran inapropiados o innecesarios. Muchos comentaristas dijeron que no es apropiado desde el punto de vista del desarrollo esperar que los niños de 14 a 18 años comprendan y cumplan con el requisito de registrarse y ser sometidos a la toma de huellas dactilares, o que resguarden o lleven siempre consigo la prueba de registro. Los comentaristas afirmaron que la IFR somete a los niños a un estándar poco realista y muy elevado, y que no se puede esperar que niños de apenas 14 años comprendan y cumplan con el requisito de registro o lleven consigo la prueba de registro, ni se puede esperar que estén al tanto de la necesidad de registrarse, además de las implicaciones consecuentes del incumplimiento. Otro comentarista observó en general que los niños no deberían ser tratados como adultos, independientemente de su estatus migratorio.
Numerous commenters regarded reporting requirements for minors as inappropriate or unnecessary. Many commenters said it is not developmentally appropriate to expect children ages 14 to 18 to understand and fulfill the requirement to register and be fingerprinted or to safeguard or always carry proof of registration on their person. Commenters stated that the IFR holds children to unrealistically high standard, and that children as young as 14 cannot be expected to understand and fulfill the registration requirement or carry proof of registration—nor can they be expected to be aware of the need to register, in addition to the consequential implications of noncompliance. Another commenter generally remarked that children should not be treated as adults, regardless of their immigration status.
Un comentarista citó investigaciones sobre el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes y dijo que sería "injusto e imprudente" imponer un requisito tan trascendental a los niños, con base en lo que se sabe sobre su desarrollo. Otros comentaristas citaron numerosos estudios científicos y estándares dentro de la Comisión Federal de Sentencias para demostrar que el cerebro de los niños y adolescentes no se ha desarrollado completamente de una manera que les proporcione las habilidades de razonamiento necesarias para cumplir con los requisitos de registro o calcular de manera significativa los efectos a largo plazo de ciertas acciones.
A commenter cited research on the development of children and adolescents and said it would be “unfair and unwise” to place such a consequential requirement on children, based on what is known about their development. Other commenters cited numerous scientific studies and standards within the Federal Sentencing Commission to demonstrate that the brains of children and adolescents have not developed fully in a way that provides them the necessary reasoning skills to comply with the registration requirements or meaningfully calculate the long-term effects of certain actions.
Otro comentarista escribió de igual manera que el límite de edad del programa de menores no acompañados ilustra el entendimiento del gobierno de que los 18 años son un umbral razonable en el cual se puede esperar que un niño sea capaz de manejar sus asuntos de manera independiente. Por lo tanto, el comentarista concluyó que la aplicación de la IFR a los menores de 14 años ignora el entendimiento moderno de la adolescencia y la capacidad de un adolescente para comprender no solo el proceso, sino también las repercusiones de violar el requisito de registro. Un comentarista, que de manera similar planteó inquietudes relacionadas con el desarrollo de los menores sujetos a la IFR, razonó además que, para los adultos, las decisiones y las consecuencias que presenta la IFR ya son suficientemente difíciles de comprender plenamente; esperar que los niños tomen tal decisión sería "inconcebible".
Another commenter likewise wrote that the age limit for the unaccompanied minors program illustrates the government's understanding that 18 years old is a reasonable threshold at which to expect that a child is capable of handling their affairs independently. Thus, the commenter concluded, the IFR's application to 14-year-olds ignores the modern understanding of adolescence and a teenager's ability to understand not only the process but also the repercussions of violating the registration requirement. A commenter, similarly raising developmental concerns for minors subject to the IFR, further reasoned that for adults, the choices and consequences presented by the IFR are difficult enough to fully understand; to expect children to make such a decision would be “unconscionable.”
Múltiples comentaristas expresaron de manera similar su preocupación de que la información requerida para el registro pueda no estar disponible o ser incomprensible para los menores de edad, y específicamente, los comentaristas señalaron que los niños de 14 años o más pueden haber sido muy pequeños cuando ingresaron a los Estados Unidos y pueden no tener fácil acceso a su historial migratorio, como su fecha de llegada. Otro comentarista explicó que las preguntas relacionadas con el historial migratorio, las fechas de entrada y la información de los padres pueden ser difíciles de conocer o recordar para los niños, y que las preguntas sobre antecedentes penales pueden ser malinterpretadas por un niño, incluidos los niños que han sido explotados o víctimas de trata por parte de actores criminales.
Multiple commenters similarly expressed concern that the information required for registration may be unavailable or incomprehensible to minors, and specifically, commenters remarked that children 14 years or older may have been very young when they entered the United States and may not easily be able to access their immigration history, such as their date of arrival. Another commenter explained that questions regarding immigration history, dates of entry, and parental information may be difficult for children to know or recall, and questions about criminal history may be misunderstood by a child, including children who have been exploited or trafficked by criminal actors.
Los comentaristas también escribieron que el Formulario G-325R plantea preguntas complejas que los menores probablemente no comprenderían, tales como preguntas sobre actividades pasadas y futuras en los Estados Unidos. Un comentarista razonó que el proceso de registro es sumamente complejo, dejando "ningún margen para errores o vacíos"; sin embargo, el comentarista señaló que, dado que muchas de las personas que completan el formulario serían menores de edad y podrían tener un dominio limitado del inglés, tales errores podrían tener consecuencias graves para esa población. (página impresa 39285)
Commenters additionally wrote that the Form G-325R asks complex questions that minors would be unlikely to comprehend, such as questions about past and future activities in the United States. A commenter reasoned that the registration process is highly complex, leaving “no room for errors or gaps”; however, the commenter said, as many of those completing the form would be minors and may have limited English proficiency, such errors could result in serious consequences for that population. ( printed page 39285)
Un comentarista indicó que las preguntas relativas al historial migratorio, las fechas de ingreso y la información de los padres podrían ser difíciles de conocer o recordar para los niños, y que las preguntas sobre antecedentes penales podrían ser malinterpretadas por un niño, incluidos los niños que han sido explotados o víctimas de trata por parte de actores delictivos, lo que podría menoscabar los derechos legales de los niños. El comentarista señaló que muchas de estas preguntas podrían duplicar información solicitada en solicitudes de alivio legal que un niño ya podría tener registradas ante el gobierno.
A commenter stated that questions regarding immigration history, dates of entry, and parental information may be difficult for children to know or recall, and questions about criminal history may be misunderstood by a child, including children who have been exploited or trafficked by criminal actors, potentially abridging children's legal rights. The commenter said that many of these questions may be duplicative of information requested on applications for legal relief that a child may already have on file with the government.
Un comentarista, al expresar su preocupación por los efectos de la norma en los menores, escribió que el IFR no contempla disposiciones para brindar información o orientación adecuada al nivel de desarrollo en relación con las numerosas preguntas obligatorias del Formulario G-325R. Un comentarista señaló de manera similar que, en el caso de los niños menores de 14 años y sus tutores, existe una falta de instrucciones o adaptaciones específicas según la edad, lo que incrementa el riesgo de incumplimiento involuntario.
A commenter, expressing concerns about impacts of the rule on minors, wrote that the IFR provides no provisions for developmentally appropriate information or guidance related to the many mandatory questions on Form G-325R. A commenter similarly noted that for children under 14 and their guardians, there is a lack of age-specific instruction or accommodation, increasing the risk of mistaken noncompliance.
Un comentarista escribió que exigir a los menores inmigrantes que se registren ante el Gobierno Federal podría generar costos fiscales y de salud innecesarios, al tiempo que expondría a los menores a ser blanco de acciones, arrestos y detenciones.
A commenter wrote that requiring immigrant minors to register with the Federal Government could lead to unnecessary fiscal and health costs, while exposing minors to targeting, arrests, and detention.
Respuesta: El DHS señala que muchos extranjeros ya están registrados y, por lo tanto, no se ven directamente afectados por este IFR ni por la nueva opción de registro general. La ley exige, con excepciones limitadas, que todos los extranjeros mayores de 14 años que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deben solicitar su registro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares, si así se requiere, antes de que venzan esos 30 días. De manera similar, los padres y tutores legales de los extranjeros menores de 14 años deben asegurarse de que dichos extranjeros estén registrados. Dentro de los 30 días posteriores a que un extranjero cumpla 14 años, todos los extranjeros previamente registrados deben solicitar su reregistro y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares. El DHS, mediante el IFR y la norma final, no ha modificado los requisitos de registro establecidos por el Congreso para los extranjeros. Corresponde al Congreso, dentro de sus facultades, y a su decisión de política, modificar el requisito legal de registro.
Response: DHS notes that many aliens are already registered and, thus, are not directly affected by this IFR or the new general registration option. The statute requires, with limited exceptions, that all aliens over the age 14 who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted, if required, before the expiration of 30 days. Similarly, parents and legal guardians of aliens below the age of 14 must ensure that those aliens are registered. Within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted. DHS, with the IFR and final rule, has not changed the existing statutory registration requirements established by Congress for aliens. It is within Congress' control and its policy choice to change the statutory registration requirement.
En cuanto a la complejidad de las preguntas del Formulario G-325R, los extranjeros de 14 años o más ya reciben notificación de inicio de procedimientos de expulsión y deben firmar personalmente sus solicitudes de beneficios migratorios. Véase 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2), 103.8(c)(2)(ii). Las preguntas del Formulario G-325R son similares a las que se formulan en otros formularios de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(a), incluido el Formulario I-485, Solicitud de Registro de Residencia Permanente o Ajuste de Estatus. En cuanto a los extranjeros menores de 14 años, el padre o tutor legal tiene el deber de registrar a los extranjeros menores de 14 años, utilizando una cuenta en línea de USCIS que el padre o tutor legal crea para el menor extranjero.
With regard to the complexity of questions on the Form G-325R, aliens who are 14 years or older already receive service of notices to initiate removal proceedings, and must sign their own applications for immigration benefits. See8 CFR 103.2(a)(2), 103.8(c)(2)(ii). The questions on the Form G-325R are similar to the questions asked on other registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a), including the Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. With regard to aliens under 14 years of age, the parent or legal guardian has the duty to register aliens under 14, using an USCIS online account that the parent or legal guardian creates for the alien child.
Además, los extranjeros menores de 18 años no están obligados a portar en todo momento la prueba de registro. El requisito legal de portación establecido en la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), se aplica únicamente a los extranjeros de 18 años de edad o más que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos, incluidos, entre otros, aquellos que se registren mediante este nuevo proceso. La ley no exige que los menores de 18 años porten la prueba del registro.
Additionally, aliens under the age of 18 are not forced to carry proof of registration at all times. The statutory carry requirement under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) applies only to aliens 18 years of age and over in the United States, including but not limited to those who register using this new process. The statute does not require children under the age of 18 to carry proof of the registration.
Comentario: Otro comentarista sugirió que la aplicación del IFR a los menores es desacertada. El comentarista cuestionó de qué manera la toma de huellas dactilares a niños migrantes se enmarca en "Proteger al pueblo estadounidense contra la invasión", y solicitó estadísticas sobre delitos cometidos por niños migrantes en los Estados Unidos. El comentarista también cuestionó por qué un niño necesitaría que se le tomen las huellas dactilares cuando está siendo colocado en un hogar de acogida, y preguntó si se hace lo mismo con los niños naturalizados.
Comment: A different commenter suggested that the application of the IFR to minors is misguided. The commenter questioned how fingerprinting migrant children falls under “Protecting the American People Against Invasion,” and requested statistics of crimes committed by migrant children in the United States. The commenter further questioned why a child would need fingerprinting as they are being placed into foster care and asked whether the same is done with naturalized children.
Respuesta: La ley exige que la mayoría de los extranjeros mayores de 14 años que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más deban solicitar el registro y, con algunas excepciones basadas en la edad o el estatus de no inmigrante, ser tomados sus huellas dactilares. Esta norma es congruente con los requisitos descritos en la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, y la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, y simplemente establece una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS), con la norma final provisional (IFR) y esta norma final, no ha creado ni modificado los requisitos estatutarios de la obligación de un extranjero de registrarse ante el gobierno conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. El DHS tiene la obligación de ejecutar fielmente las leyes establecidas por el Congreso, incluido el requisito de registro de extranjeros. Véase la sección 103(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a). La norma final provisional (IFR) estableció una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio.
Response: The statute requires most aliens over the age of 14 who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer are required to apply for registration and with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. This rule is consistent with the requirements outlined in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 and E.O. 14159 and simply prescribe a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not created or modified the statutory requirements of an alien's duty to register with the government under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. DHS has an obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including the alien registration requirement. See INA sec. 103(a), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a). The IFR established a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status.
Comentario: Los comentaristas también expresaron su preocupación de que los niños que se ven obligados a llevar consigo en todo momento prueba de registro podrían quedar marginados y separados de sus compañeros ciudadanos, lo cual, según un comentarista, tendría efectos perjudiciales en su desarrollo.
Comment: Commenters also expressed concern that children who are forced to carry proof of registration at all times could be marginalized and separated from their citizen peers, which a commenter said would have detrimental developmental impacts.
Respuesta: El DHS no está de acuerdo con la caracterización ni con el impacto descrito por los comentaristas. Los extranjeros menores de 18 años no están obligados a llevar consigo en todo momento prueba de registro. El requisito estatutario de portar dicha prueba, conforme a la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), se aplica únicamente a los extranjeros de 18 años de edad o más que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos, incluidos, entre otros, aquellos que se registren mediante este nuevo proceso. La ley no exige que los niños menores de 18 años lleven consigo prueba del registro.
Response: DHS disagrees with the characterization and the impact described by commenters. Aliens under the age of 18 are not forced to always carry proof of registration. The statutory carry requirement under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) applies only to aliens 18 years of age and over in the United States, including but not limited to those who register using this new process. The statute does not require children under the age of 18 to carry proof of the registration.
c. Incoherencias o claridad de la norma en relación con los menores de edad
c. Inconsistencies or Clarity of the Rule for Minors
Comentario: Un comentarista preguntó si los niños menores de 14 años que ingresan a los Estados Unidos con una visa deben volver a registrarse conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, incluido el nuevo requisito de registrarse y que se les tomen las huellas dactilares al cumplir 14 años.
Comment: A commenter asked whether children under 14 years of age who enter the United States on a visa are required to re-register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, including the new requirement to register and be fingerprinted when they turn 14 years old.
Respuesta: La ley, con excepciones limitadas, exige que, dentro de los 30 días posteriores a que un extranjero cumpla 14 años, todos los extranjeros previamente registrados deban solicitar su nuevo registro y que se les tomen las huellas dactilares. Véase la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b).
Response: The statute, with limited exceptions, requires that within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and be fingerprinted. See INA sec. 262(b), 8 U.S.C. 1302(b).
Comentario: Un comentarista criticó la norma final provisional (IFR) por considerarla confusa, cuestionó la aplicabilidad del requisito de datos biométricos a los menores de 14 años, y escribió que, según informes, las autoridades fronterizas emitieron una política que prevé la recopilación de datos biométricos de todos los menores, a pesar de la exención prevista en la IFR para los menores de 14 años.
Comment: A commenter criticized the IFR as confusing, questioned the applicability of the biometrics requirement to minors under 14, and wrote that border authorities reportedly issued a policy providing for the collection of biometrics from all minors, despite the waiver in the IFR for those under 14.
Respuesta: La ley exige que los padres y tutores legales de los extranjeros menores de 14 años registren a dichos extranjeros. Estos extranjeros no están obligados a comparecer a una cita de servicios biométricos para registrarse, y USCIS proporcionará prueba del registro después de que el padre, la madre o el tutor legal cumpla con el requisito de registro. La recopilación de datos biométricos por parte de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza (CBP) está fuera del alcance de esta norma.
Response: The statute requires parents and legal guardians of aliens under the age of 14 to register those aliens. These aliens are not required to appear for a biometric services appointment to register, and USCIS will provide evidence of registration after the parent or legal guardian complies with the registration requirement. The collection of biometrics by CBP is outside the scope of the rule.
Comentario: Un comentarista señaló que la IFR está plagada de ambigüedades que requieren mayor aclaración por parte del DHS, incluido el grado en que los requisitos de registro son retroactivos, y si abarcan a las personas que ingresaron a los Estados Unidos más de 30 días antes de que se publicara o entrara en vigor la IFR, o si abarcan a los niños sujetos a registro al cumplir 14 años que cumplieron dicha edad más de 30 días antes de que se publicara o entrara en vigor la IFR. El comentarista señaló que, si no es retroactiva, entonces no queda claro si el DHS está fijando la fecha de aplicabilidad en la fecha de publicación de la IFR, el 12 de marzo de 2025, o en la fecha de entrada en vigor de la IFR, el 11 de abril de 2025.
Comment: A commenter stated the IFR is replete with ambiguities that require more clarification from DHS, including the extent to which the registration requirements are retroactive, and whether they cover people who entered the United States more than 30 days before the IFR was published or takes effect, or whether they cover children subject to registration upon turning 14 who turned 14 more than 30 days before the IFR was published or takes effect. The commenter said, if it is not retroactive, then it is unclear whether DHS is setting the applicability date at the IFR publication date of March 12, 2025, or the IFR effective date of April 11, 2025.
Respuesta: El DHS, con la IFR y esta regla final, no ha creado nuevos requisitos ni modificado las obligaciones legales de la mayoría de los extranjeros que se encuentran en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más de cumplir con los requisitos de registro. Esta reglamentación ha (página impresa 39286) establecido una opción general de registro para garantizar que todos los extranjeros tengan una manera de registrarse. La IFR tuvo una fecha de entrada en vigor del 11 de abril de 2025, y por lo tanto proporcionó un aviso suficiente nuevamente de la prioridad de cumplimiento conforme a la directiva del presidente Trump sobre la prioridad de cumplimiento. Véase 90 FR 11793 (12 de marzo de 2025); véase también DHS, Comunicado de Prensa, "La Secretaria Noem Recuerda a los Extranjeros que se Registren bajo la Ley Federal de Larga Data o Enfrenten Sanciones Legales" (11 de abril de 2025), https://www.dhs.gov/​news/​2025/​04/​11/​secretary-noem-reminds-foreign-nationals-register-or-face-legal-penalties. En cualquier caso, han transcurrido muchos meses desde la publicación de la IFR.
Response: DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not created new requirements or modified the legal obligations that most aliens who are in the United States for 30 days or longer to comply with the registration requirements. This rulemaking has ( printed page 39286) established a general registration option to ensure that all aliens have a way to register. The IFR had an effective date of April 11, 2025, and thus provided sufficient notice again of the enforcement priority pursuant to President Trump's directing on the enforcement priority. See90 FR 11793 (Mar. 12, 2025); see also DHS, Press Release, “Secretary Noem Reminds Foreign Nationals to Register under Longstanding Federal Law or Face Legal Penalties” (Apr. 11, 2025), https://www.dhs.gov/​news/​2025/​04/​11/​secretary-noem-reminds-foreign-nationals-register-or-face-legal-penalties. In any event, many months have passed since the IFR's publication.
Comentario: Los comentaristas señalaron que los niños menores de 14 años a quienes se les expidió una visa de inmigrante o de no inmigrante ya estaban registrados conforme a la sección 221 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201, y no deberían tener que registrarse nuevamente.
Comment: Commenters stated that children under the age of 14 who were issued an immigrant or a nonimmigrant visa were already registered pursuant to section 221 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201 and should not have to register again.
Respuesta: El DHS coincide en que un extranjero que no ha cumplido 14 años y a quien se le expidió una visa de inmigrante o de no inmigrante antes de su admisión a los Estados Unidos se considera registrado conforme a la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Sin embargo, estos extranjeros deberán volver a registrarse y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir 14 años, de conformidad con la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b).
Response: DHS agrees that an alien who has not turned 14 years old and was issued an immigrant visa or nonimmigrant visa prior to admission to the United States is considered registered under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. However, these aliens will have to re-register and be fingerprinted within 30 days after reaching 14 years of age, in accordance with section 262(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b).
Comentario: Un comentarista señaló que no está claro si todos los niños que recibieron el Formulario I-551 mientras tenían menos de 14 años están exentos del proceso siempre que cumplan con la regla vigente de presentar un Formulario I-90, Solicitud para Reemplazar la Tarjeta de Residente Permanente, dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir 14 años para solicitar una nueva Tarjeta Verde.
Comment: A commenter stated that it is unclear whether all children who received Form I-551 while under the age of 14 are exempt from the process as long as they comply with the existing rule that they file a Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card, within 30 days of turning 14 to apply for a new Green Card.
El comentarista también preguntó si los niños que no presentan un Formulario I-90 dentro de los 30 días posteriores a cumplir 14 años porque su Tarjeta Verde actual vence antes de que cumplan 16 años, necesitarían completar el Formulario G-325R cuando cumplan 14 años. Estos niños están utilizando la excepción reglamentaria que les permite no presentar un Formulario I-90 (ni ser tomados sus huellas dactilares) hasta que presenten su solicitud de extensión rutinaria de la Tarjeta Verde dentro de los 6 meses previos al vencimiento de la tarjeta.
The commenter also asked whether children who do not file a Form I-90 within 30 days of turning 14 because their current Green Card expires before they turn 16, would need to complete Form G-325R when they turn 14. These children are using the regulatory exception that allows them not to submit a Form I-90 (and be fingerprinted) until they file their routine Green Card extension application within 6 months of the card's expiration.
Respuesta: El DHS señala que, de conformidad con 8 CFR 264.1(g), un extranjero que cumple 14 años y que es un LPR debe solicitar el registro y ser tomado sus huellas dactilares, salvo que se exima de ello. Véase la sección 262(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a); véase también 8 CFR 264.1(g). Como se señala en las instrucciones del Formulario I-90, dicho extranjero presenta el Formulario I-90 para cumplir con su deber de registrarse ante el gobierno conforme al estatuto.[50] Dicho extranjero no presentaría el Formulario G-325R. El DHS también está solicitando comentarios en la sección V de este preámbulo sobre la actualización del texto reglamentario en 8 CFR 264.5(b)(8) para alinearlo con la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b), que exige que los extranjeros que cumplen 14 años se registren independientemente de si fueron registrados previamente. Las instrucciones del Formulario I-90 son claras en este punto, y precisas.
Response: DHS notes that in accordance with 8 CFR 264.1(g), an alien who reaches 14 years of age and who is an LPR must apply for registration and to be fingerprinted, unless waived. See INA sec. 262(a), 8 U.S.C. 1302(a); see8 CFR 264.1(g). As noted in the Form I-90 instructions, such an alien submits the Form I-90 to comply with his or her duty to register with the government under the statute.[50] Such an alien would not submit the Form G-325R. DHS is also soliciting comments in section V of this preamble on updating the regulatory text in 8 CFR 264.5(b)(8) to align with section 262(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b), which requires aliens who turn 14 to register irrespective of whether they were registered previously. The instructions of Form I-90 are clear on this point, and accurate.
Comentario: Algunos comentaristas abordaron ambigüedades en el análisis de la IFR sobre las disposiciones relativas a menores. Los comentaristas señalaron que la regla establece en una sección que si los niños tienen uno de los formularios enumerados, "no necesitan registrarse nuevamente", mientras que en otra sección, la regla establece que todos los niños "no ciudadanos" deben registrarse cuando cumplan 14 años, hayan sido registrados previamente o no. Un par de estos comentaristas citaron la regla, señalando que si bien la IFR explica que alguien "que se haya registrado previamente conforme a 8 CFR 264.1(a), o... que tenga evidencia de registro conforme a 8 CFR 264.1(b), no necesita registrarse nuevamente", en otra parte establece que las poblaciones afectadas incluyen a un "no ciudadano" "haya sido registrado previamente o no, que cumpla 14 años en los Estados Unidos y que, por lo tanto, deba registrarse dentro de los 30 días posteriores a su decimocuarto cumpleaños".
Comment: A few commenters addressed ambiguities in the IFR's discussion of the provisions for minors. The commenters noted that the rule states in one section that if children have one of the forms listed, they “need not register again,” while in another section, the rule states that all “noncitizen” children must register when they turn 14, whether previously registered or not. A couple of these commenters quoted the rule, stating that while the IFR explains that someone “who has previously registered consistent with 8 CFR 264.1(a), or. . .who has evidence of registration consistent with 8 CFR 264.1(b), need not register again,” it elsewhere states that affected populations include a “noncitizen” “whether previously registered or not, who turns 14 years old in the United States and therefore must register within 30 days after their 14th birthday.”
Respuesta: El estatuto exige que los extranjeros menores de 14 años que permanezcan en los Estados Unidos durante 30 días o más sean registrados por sus padres o tutores legales antes de que venzan los 30 días. No existe requisito de huellas dactilares para el registro de estos extranjeros menores de 14 años. USCIS y la antigua INS han aplicado de manera constante el lenguaje claro de la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b) (por ejemplo, en el contexto de los residentes permanentes legales (LPR) que cumplen 14 años) a lo largo de los años. El lenguaje amplio de la segunda oración de la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b) ("cuando cualquier extranjero cumpla su decimocuarto cumpleaños en los Estados Unidos deberá") obliga a dichos extranjeros a registrarse nuevamente y a tomarse las huellas dactilares (a menos que se exima de ello) dentro de los 30 días posteriores a su decimocuarto cumpleaños. Este requisito ha estado vigente en la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b), sin enmienda alguna por parte del Congreso, desde que el requisito de registro de extranjeros (ARR, por sus siglas en inglés) se incorporó inicialmente a la INA en 1952. De hecho, el requisito (utilizando este lenguaje) apareció inicialmente en la Ley de Registro de Extranjeros de 1940 (Alien Registration Act of 1940), Ley Pública 76-670.
Response: The statute requires aliens under the age of 14 who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer to be registered by their parents or legal guardians before the expiration of the 30 days. There is no fingerprint requirement for the registration of these aliens under the age of 14. USCIS and the former INS have consistently implemented the plain language of section 262(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b) (for example, in the context of LPRs turning 14 years of age) over the years. The broad language of the second sentence of section 262(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b) (“whenever any alien attains his fourteenth birthday in the United States he shall”) compels such aliens to register again and to be fingerprinted (unless waived) within 30 days after their 14th birthday. This requirement has been in place in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b), without amendment by Congress, since the ARR was initially placed in the INA in 1952. Indeed, the requirement (using this language) initially appeared in the Alien Registration Act of 1940, Public Law 76-670.
Comentario: Un comentarista señaló que la norma provisional final (IFR) no aborda cómo se aplicarían las sanciones penales enumeradas a los niños que podrían no estar en condiciones de cumplir con los requisitos para registrarse o mantener prueba de su registro.
Comment: A commenter said the IFR does not address how the enumerated criminal penalties would be assessed to children who may not be able to meet the requirements to register or maintain proof of registration.
Los comentaristas señalaron que la norma guarda silencio sobre las implicaciones para un niño que no vive con un padre o tutor legal, o que vive con uno que es abusivo o negligente y no lo registra en su nombre.
Commenters noted that the rule is silent on the implications for a child who is not living with a parent or legal guardian, or who lives with one who is abusive or neglectful and does not register on the child's behalf.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) señala que el requisito de registro de extranjeros, incluidas las disposiciones relativas a los niños menores de 14 años, aquellos que recientemente cumplieron 14 años dentro de los Estados Unidos, o aquellos de 14 años de edad o más, así como las sanciones penales relacionadas, ha formado parte de nuestras leyes desde 1940. La IFR y la norma final añaden otro método para el cumplimiento de los requisitos estatutarios de registro existentes. Esta IFR no creó ni modificó las obligaciones y consecuencias relacionadas con el requisito de registro, incluidas las sanciones penales. El requisito de registro fue establecido por el Congreso hace muchas décadas y, por lo tanto, es un requisito legal de larga data. Si bien el DHS se remite a sus socios del Departamento de Justicia (DOJ) en lo relativo a la aplicación de las disposiciones penales, el DHS señala que, en el caso de los niños menores de 14 años, los propios niños no enfrentan sanciones penales por no registrarse o negarse a hacerlo, sino que los padres y/o tutores legales podrían enfrentar sanciones penales. Para aquellos de 14 años de edad o más, el DHS señala que solo se sanciona la omisión o negativa "deliberada" de registrarse, conforme a la sección 266(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Response: DHS notes that the alien registration requirement, including the provisions relating to children under 14 years of age, those who have recently turned 14 years of age within the United States, or those 14 years of age or older, as well as the related criminal penalties, has been a part of our laws since 1940. The IFR and the final rule add another method for compliance with the existing statutory registration requirements. This IFR did not create or modify the obligations and consequences related to the registration requirement, including the criminal penalties. The registration requirement was established by Congress many decades ago and is thus a longstanding legal requirement. While DHS defers to its partners at the DOJ regarding the enforcement of the criminal provisions, DHS notes that for children under 14 years of age, the children themselves face no criminal penalties for a failure or refusal to register, but rather the parents and or the legal guardians could face criminal penalties. For those 14 years of age or older, DHS notes that only a “willful” failure or refusal to register is penalized in section 266(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Comentario: Un comentarista señaló que la IFR no considera cómo las autoridades encargadas de hacer cumplir la ley que implementan el requisito de portar documentación distinguirían entre niños menores de 18 años y jóvenes de 18 años o más. El comentarista preguntó si esto impone implícitamente un requisito separado de portar documentación para los adolescentes sujetos a registro, de llevar siempre consigo prueba de su edad, y preguntó qué tipo de prueba de edad sería suficiente.
Comment: A commenter said that the IFR does not consider how law enforcement implementing the carry requirement would distinguish between children under 18 and youth 18 and over. The commenter asked whether this implicitly imposes a separate carry requirement for adolescent children subject to registration to always carry proof of their age on their person and asked what kind of proof of age would suffice.
Respuesta: El DHS señala que la IFR y esta norma no han modificado los procedimientos relacionados con los requisitos de portar documentación conforme a la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). Los comentarios relativos a la aplicación de la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) están fuera del alcance de esta reglamentación. Sin embargo, en general, las agencias del DHS encargadas de hacer cumplir el requisito de portar documentación tienen acceso a las bases de datos del DHS (página impresa 39287), que contienen no solo información sobre si el DHS ha emitido prueba de registro a un extranjero específico, sino también la edad del extranjero. Además, a los extranjeros menores de 18 años no se les exige portar prueba de registro en todo momento. El requisito estatutario de portar documentación conforme a la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) se aplica únicamente a los extranjeros de 18 años de edad o más que se encuentren en los Estados Unidos, incluidos, entre otros, aquellos que se registren mediante este nuevo proceso. El estatuto no exige que los niños menores de 18 años porten prueba del registro.
Response: DHS notes that the IFR and this rule have not changed procedures related to the carry requirements under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e). The comments regarding the enforcement of section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) is out of scope of this rulemaking. In general, however, DHS agencies enforcing the carry requirement have access to DHS ( printed page 39287) databases, which contain not only information about whether DHS has issued evidence of registration to a specific alien, but also the alien's age. Additionally, aliens under the age of 18 are not forced to carry proof of registration at all times. The statutory carry requirement under section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) applies only to aliens 18 years of age and over in the United States, including but not limited to those who register using this new process. The statute does not require children under the age of 18 to carry proof of the registration.
d. Preocupaciones de seguridad para menores de edad
d. Safety Concerns for Minors
Comentario: Al citar informes y evidencia anecdótica, un comentarista expresó además preocupación de que la incertidumbre sobre los requisitos de registro podría exponer a los menores a posibles abusos. Específicamente, el comentarista dijo que un "requisito de registro universal" para los extranjeros, tal como se propone en el IFR, aumentaría los vectores mediante los cuales los actores malintencionados que se hacen pasar por agentes federales pueden explotar a los migrantes vulnerables, particularmente a los menores, al mismo tiempo que dificultaría el cumplimiento de los requisitos de registro.
Comment: While citing reports and anecdotal evidence, a commenter additionally expressed concern that uncertainty about registration requirements could expose minors to potential abuse. Specifically, the commenter said that a “universal registration requirement” for aliens as proposed under the IFR would increase the vectors by which bad actors impersonating Federal agents can exploit vulnerable migrants, particularly minors, while simultaneously hindering compliance with registration requirements.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que interrogar a menores "indocumentados" de tan solo 14 años de edad proporcionaría una vía para encarcelarlos, y agregó que los centros de detención son perjudiciales para la salud mental y física, e incluso mortales.
A commenter expressed concern that questioning “undocumented” minors as young as 14 years old would provide an avenue to incarcerate them, adding that detention facilities are detrimental to mental and physical health and even fatal.
Un comentarista expresó preocupaciones de seguridad relacionadas con el requisito de registro para padres y tutores legales, al mismo tiempo que discutía los riesgos para la seguridad y estabilidad familiar. El comentarista expresó preocupación por la separación familiar bajo el IFR, afirmando que al someter a los padres que no se registren o que carezcan de prueba de registro a detención o procesamiento penal, el IFR institucionalizaría la separación familiar y el daño psicológico a los niños. El comentarista agregó que el IFR requiere que los padres proporcionen voluntariamente información sobre sus hijos que podría exponer a sus hijos a la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración, incluyendo la detención y la deportación, afectando la autoridad de los padres para dirigir la educación, crianza y supervisión de sus hijos. El comentarista concluyó que estos impactos en el bienestar, la autonomía y la integridad familiar violarían la sección 654 de la Ley General de Asignaciones del Tesoro de 1999.
A commenter expressed safety concerns related to the registration requirement for parents and legal guardians while discussing the risks of family safety and stability. The commenter expressed concern with family separation under the IFR, stating that by subjecting parents who fail to register or who lack proof of registration to detention or criminal prosecution, the IFR would institutionalize family separation and psychological harm to children. The commenter added that the IFR requires parents to volunteer information about their children that could expose their children to immigration enforcement, including detention and deportation, impacting the authority of parents to direct the education, nurture, and supervision of their children. The commenter concluded that these impacts on family well-being, autonomy and integrity would violate section 654 of the Treasury General Appropriations Act of 1999.
Respuesta: Como se indica en el IFR, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) ha determinado que la implementación de esta reglamentación no afectará negativamente el bienestar familiar de conformidad con la sección 654 de la Ley de Asignaciones Generales del Tesoro y del Gobierno de 1999 [51] y no tendrá ningún impacto en la autonomía e integridad de la familia como institución. Véase 90 FR 11793, 11799 (12 de marzo de 2025). El requisito de registro no afecta ni la estabilidad ni la seguridad de la familia, particularmente en términos del compromiso matrimonial, ni el bienestar general de una familia. Por el contrario, como se describe en la Orden Ejecutiva del Presidente Trump, hacer cumplir las leyes de inmigración de la Nación es de importancia crítica para la seguridad nacional y la seguridad pública de los Estados Unidos y de las personas presentes dentro de los Estados Unidos. Véase la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, sec. 1.
Response: As stated in the IFR, DHS has determined that the implementation of this regulation will not negatively affect family well-being in accordance with section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act of 1999 [51] and will not have any impact on the autonomy and integrity of the family as an institution. See90 FR 11793, 11799 (Mar. 12, 2025). The registration requirement neither impacts the stability or the safety of the family, particularly in terms of the marital commitment, nor the well-being of a family overall. To the contrary, as outlined in President Trump's E.O., enforcing the Nation's immigration laws is critically important to the national security and public safety of the United States and individuals present within the United States. SeeE.O. 14159, sec. 1.
e. Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados
e. Unaccompanied Alien Children
Comentario: Un comentarista, que ofreció observaciones muy detalladas sobre el IFR, afirmó que los Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados (UAC, por sus siglas en inglés) se encuentran entre las poblaciones más vulnerables del mundo, con miles que huyen de la violencia, la persecución, el abuso y la trata de personas cada año. El comentarista señaló que el Congreso creó protecciones procesales específicas para los UAC en la TVPRA para prevenir su devolución a la trata de personas y otros daños. El comentarista escribió que la TVPRA proporciona salvaguardas para los UAC, incluyendo la exención de la remoción expedita, la colocación en procedimientos de remoción migratoria completos, el derecho a que las solicitudes de asilo sean consideradas primero por USCIS en un entorno de entrevista, y la exención del plazo de presentación de un año para el asilo y de la prohibición de tercer país seguro. El comentarista expresó preocupación de que el IFR no considere estas protecciones existentes ni las necesidades únicas de los UAC. Además, el comentarista observó que el IFR no menciona específicamente a los UAC, sus protecciones legales, ni proporciona una exención para esta población. El comentarista además advirtió que la falta de consideración por parte del DHS de las formas específicas en que el IFR afectaría a los UAC podría causar un daño significativo como resultado del incumplimiento.
Comment: A commenter, offering highly detailed remarks on the IFR, stated that UACs are among the world's most vulnerable populations, with thousands fleeing violence, persecution, abuse, and trafficking each year. The commenter noted that Congress created specific procedural protections for UACs in the TVPRA to prevent their return to trafficking and other harm. The commenter wrote that the TVPRA provides safeguards for UACs, including exemption from expedited removal, placement in full immigration removal proceedings, the right to have asylum applications first considered by USCIS in an interview setting, and exemption from the 1-year filing deadline for asylum and from the safe third country bar. The commenter expressed concern that the IFR fails to consider these existing protections and the unique needs of UACs. Furthermore, the commenter observed that the IFR does not specifically mention UACs, their legal protections, or provide an exemption for this population. The commenter additionally warned that DHS's failure to consider the specific ways in which the IFR would impact UACs could cause significant harm as a result of noncompliance.
Respuesta: El DHS señala que las diversas protecciones existentes mencionadas en el contexto de los UAC fueron establecidas por el Congreso mediante legislación. Si bien se han promulgado diversas piezas de legislación que brindan protecciones para los UAC, el Congreso no ha realizado ningún cambio a las secciones 262 a 266 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 a 1306, con respecto a los UAC y el requisito de registro de extranjeros. Sin embargo, el DHS señala que la disposición penal relacionada con el incumplimiento o la negativa a registrarse no se aplica a los extranjeros menores de 14 años de edad, y para los extranjeros de 14 años de edad o más requiere que dicho incumplimiento o negativa a registrarse sea deliberado. Véase la sección 266(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a). Además, el requisito de portación de la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), solo se aplica a los extranjeros de 18 años de edad o más a quienes el DHS les haya emitido evidencia de registro.
Response: DHS notes that the various existing protections mentioned in the context of UACs were established by Congress through legislation. While various pieces of legislation providing protections for UACs have been enacted, Congress has not made any changes to sections 262 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1306, regarding UACs and the alien registration requirement. However, DHS notes that the criminal provision relating to a failure or refusal to register does not apply to aliens under 14 years of age, and for aliens 14 years of age or older requires that such a failure or refusal to register be willful. See INA sec. 266(a), 8 U.S.C. 1306(a). In addition, the carry requirement of section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), only applies to aliens 18 years of age or older who have been issued evidence of registration by DHS.
Comentario: Un comentarista expresó preocupación porque la norma no aborda si y cómo los menores no acompañados (UAC, por sus siglas en inglés) que no tienen padres o tutores legales en los Estados Unidos cumplirían con el requisito de registro inicial; quién sería responsable de registrar a los niños bajo la custodia de la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados (ORR, por sus siglas en inglés) o entregados a un patrocinador que no sea padre o tutor; y cómo los menores no acompañados que cumplen 18 años se enterarían de si fueron registrados previamente o cómo podrían proporcionar evidencia de dicho registro. Otro comentarista también planteó preocupaciones sobre el cumplimiento para aquellos bajo custodia gubernamental con la ORR. Un comentarista señaló que puede ser particularmente difícil para los menores no acompañados y para quienes estuvieron previamente bajo custodia del Gobierno Federal obtener la información requerida para el registro.
Comment: A commenter expressed concern that the rule does not address whether and how UACs who do not have parents or legal guardians in the United States would comply with the initial registration requirement; who would be responsible for registering children in ORR custody or released to a nonparental/non-guardian sponsor; and how UACs turning 18 would learn if they were previously registered or provide evidence of such registration. Another commenter also raised concerns about compliance for those in government custody with ORR. A commenter said that it may be particularly challenging for UACs and those previously in Federal Government custody to obtain the information required for registration.
Un comentarista afirmó que la Norma Final Provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés), tal como está redactada, causaría confusión entre los proveedores de albergue y los patrocinadores sobre si y cuándo los niños bajo custodia de la ORR deben registrarse, y quién es responsable del registro. El comentarista advirtió que esta confusión podría exponer a los niños a una detención prolongada y a un arresto posterior debido a la vaguedad de la norma respecto a quién tiene la responsabilidad de registrarlos y cómo cumplir cuando un niño está bajo custodia gubernamental. El comentarista expresó además su preocupación porque la IFR no proporciona a los niños un mecanismo para cumplir mientras están bajo custodia gubernamental. Explicaron que a los niños en los albergues de la ORR rara vez se les permite salir y enfrentarían barreras estructurales para cumplir con los requisitos de registro, incluyendo la falta de acceso básico a las normas o la posibilidad de obtener huellas dactilares y datos biométricos. Finalmente, el comentarista advirtió que la IFR deja a los niños en hogares de acogida que están bajo la custodia de agencias estatales de cuidado temporal vulnerables al riesgo de arresto y deportación.
A commenter stated that the IFR, as written, would cause confusion among shelter providers and sponsors about whether and when children in ORR custody need to register, and who is responsible for registration. The commenter warned that this confusion could expose children to prolonged detention and later arrest due to the rule's vagueness as to who has responsibility for registering them and how to comply when a child is in government custody. The commenter further expressed concern that the IFR does not provide children with a mechanism to comply while in government custody. They explained that children in ORR shelters are rarely permitted to leave and would face structural barriers to complying with the registration requirements, including not having basic access to the rules or the ability to obtain fingerprinting and biometrics. Finally, the commenter warned that the IFR leaves foster children who are in the custody of State foster agencies vulnerable to the risk of arrest and deportation.
Varios comentaristas expresaron preocupación porque la IFR carece de claridad respecto a quién estaría obligado a registrar a un menor no acompañado entregado a un patrocinador que no sea ni padre ni tutor legal. Un comentarista manifestó preocupación porque la norma carece de claridad respecto a su aplicación a los menores no acompañados y sus patrocinadores, lo cual, según señaló, podría hacer menos probable que puedan determinar si están obligados a completar el Formulario G-325R para registrarse ante el Gobierno Federal (página impresa 39288). El comentarista escribió que, conforme a la IFR, los padres y tutores legales de menores extranjeros menores de 14 años tienen el deber de registrar a su hijo, pero la IFR no toma en cuenta el hecho de que muchos menores no acompañados menores de 14 años son entregados a un patrocinador que no es su padre ni su tutor legal. Citando datos del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos (HHS, por sus siglas en inglés), el comentarista señaló que, desde el 30 de noviembre de 2024 hasta el 28 de febrero de 2025, el 49.7 por ciento de los menores no acompañados bajo custodia de la ORR fueron entregados a un patrocinador que no era ni padre ni tutor legal. Comentando desde la perspectiva de un proveedor de servicios legales para muchos menores no acompañados, el comentarista expresó profunda preocupación por la falta de claridad respecto a quién está obligado a registrar a dichas personas y las posibles sanciones por no registrarse antes de los 14 años, y solicitó orientación adicional por parte del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS, por sus siglas en inglés) sobre cómo garantizar que los niños inmigrantes jóvenes cumplan con la IFR.
Several commenters expressed concern that the IFR lacks clarity regarding who would be required to register an unaccompanied child released to a sponsor who was neither a parent nor a legal guardian. A commenter voiced concern that the rule lacks clarity regarding its application to UACs and their sponsors, which they said may make it less likely that they would be able to determine whether they are required to complete Form G-325R to register with the Federal ( printed page 39288) Government. The commenter wrote, under the IFR, parents and legal guardians of alien children under the age of 14 have a duty to register their child, but the IFR does not account for the fact that many UACs under the age of 14 are released to a sponsor who is not their parent or legal guardian. Citing HHS data, the commenter said that, from November 30, 2024, to February 28, 2025, 49.7 percent of UACs in ORR custody were released to a sponsor who was neither a parent nor a legal guardian. Commenting from the viewpoint of a legal services provider for many UACs, the commenter expressed deep concerns about a lack of clarity around who is required to register such individuals and potential penalties for failing to register before the age of 14 and requested additional guidance from DHS around how to ensure young immigrant children comply with the IFR.
Un comentarista afirmó que la IFR no aborda si y cómo se aplicaría el requisito de registro a los niños menores de 14 años colocados con patrocinadores que no son padres ni tutores. El comentarista expresó preocupación porque los niños podrían ser registrados de manera inconsistente o con información inexacta, o verse obligados a interactuar con padres con quienes de otro modo podrían no estar en contacto, lo que podría poner en riesgo de daño a niños que buscan protección contra el abuso, el abandono, la negligencia o maltrato parental similar. Además, el comentarista señaló que no está claro si se informaría a los menores no acompañados o a los patrocinadores sobre los requisitos de registro a través de orientaciones legales durante el cuidado de la ORR o al momento de su liberación, y cómo los niños que cumplen 14 años mientras están bajo el cuidado de un patrocinador que no es padre ni tutor se enterarían de los requisitos relacionados para registrarse ellos mismos. El comentarista también expresó preocupación porque el estado de registro de un niño podría variar de manera inesperada con el tiempo según la presentación o recepción de formularios de inmigración, su edad u otros factores, lo que generaría confusión y barreras, particularmente para los menores no acompañados que cumplen 18 años, de quienes se espera que lleven consigo en todo momento prueba de registro o de lo contrario enfrenten sanciones significativas.
A commenter stated that the IFR does not address if and how the registration requirement would be applied to children under the age of 14 placed with non-parental/non-guardian sponsors. The commenter expressed concern that children could be registered inconsistently or with inaccurate information or be compelled to interact with parents with whom they may not otherwise be in contact, potentially risking harm to children seeking protection from abuse, abandonment, neglect, or similar parental mistreatment. Furthermore, the commenter said it is unclear whether UACs or sponsors would be advised of registration requirements through legal orientations during ORR care or upon release, and how children turning 14 while in the care of a non-parent/non-guardian sponsor would learn of related requirements to register themselves. The commenter also expressed concern that a child's registration status could vary unexpectedly over time based on their submission or receipt of immigration forms, their age, or other factors, creating confusion and barriers, particularly for UACs turning 18, who are expected to carry proof of registration at all times or face significant penalties.
Un comentarista señaló que la norma tendría un efecto disuasivo sobre los posibles patrocinadores de menores no acompañados (UAC, por sus siglas en inglés), quienes podrían temer que serían señalados como objetivo si no se han registrado, o que, al aceptar patrocinar a un menor no acompañado de edad inferior a 14 años, asumirían una obligación legal de garantizar que dicho menor esté registrado.
A commenter said the rule would have a chilling effect on potential sponsors of UACs, who may fear that they would be targeted if they have not registered, or that, by agreeing to sponsor an unaccompanied child under the age of 14, they would assume a legal obligation to ensure that child is registered.
Otro comentarista escribió que la falta de claridad en torno a la aplicabilidad de la norma final provisional (IFR, por sus siglas en inglés) a los menores no acompañados aumentaría la renuencia entre los niños inmigrantes a confiar en las fuerzas del orden o cooperar con ellas, lo que causaría un perjuicio particular a los niños que son víctimas o testigos de trata de personas u otros delitos, haciendo que los niños y las comunidades estén menos seguros.
Another commenter wrote that a lack of clarity around the applicability of the IFR to UACs would increase reluctance among immigrant children to confide in or cooperate with law enforcement, causing particular harm to children who are victims of or witnesses to trafficking or other crimes, making children and communities less safe.
Un comentarista, citando múltiples estudios e informes, afirmó que los niños inmigrantes, incluidos muchos menores no acompañados a quienes atiende el comentarista, han sufrido traumas, derivados de la pobreza, la trata de personas o la violencia, que afectan el desarrollo cognitivo, la madurez y la memoria. El comentarista indicó que estas condiciones podrían hacer que el proceso de registro resultara más difícil para estos niños. Un comentarista del sector de la salud señaló que los pediatras que brindan atención a niños inmigrantes están reportando gran confusión sobre cómo cumplir con la norma final provisional, ya que los pacientes que son menores no acompañados y sus familiares o cuidadores no comprenden si están sujetos a dicha norma. El comentarista indicó que sus miembros carecen de claridad por parte del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) sobre cómo asesorar mejor a estos pacientes.
A commenter, citing multiple studies and reports, stated that immigrant children, including many UACs the commenter serves, have suffered trauma—from poverty, trafficking, or violence—that affects cognitive development, maturity, and memory. The commenter said that these conditions could make responding to the registration process more difficult for these children. A commenter in the healthcare sector noted that pediatricians who provide care to immigrant children are reporting great confusion over how to comply with the IFR, as patients who are UACs and their family members or caregivers do not understand whether they are subject to the IFR. The commenter said its members lack clarity from DHS on how best to advise these patients.
Los comentaristas expresaron preocupación de que los menores no acompañados puedan enfrentar una separación familiar prolongada y un re traumatismo profundo si sus patrocinadores o familiares son procesados penalmente por no registrarse o no portar prueba de registro. De manera similar, un comentarista manifestó preocupación por los efectos disuasivos sobre quienes estén dispuestos a ser patrocinadores como resultado de la norma final provisional, ya que los adultos que viven con niños serían considerados penalmente responsables de cumplir con el requisito de registro. Esto, advirtió el comentarista, llevaría a que los niños permanezcan por períodos más prolongados bajo la custodia de la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados (ORR), donde los planes de estudio educativos son limitados y ciertas necesidades de desarrollo, como los abrazos, están prohibidas. Un comentarista adicionalmente comentó que la aplicación prioritaria de medidas de ejecución contra quienes no cumplan con los requisitos de registro y toma de huellas dactilares podría afectar a los posibles patrocinadores de menores no acompañados, incluidos los padres y otros familiares de los niños, lo que dificultaría su capacidad de cuidar a los niños una vez que salgan de la custodia de la ORR. En consecuencia, señaló el comentarista, los niños podrían enfrentar un tiempo prolongado bajo el cuidado de la ORR o ser entregados a patrocinadores más distantes y potencialmente menos idóneos.
Commenters expressed concern that UACs may face prolonged family separation and profound re-traumatization if their sponsors or family are criminally prosecuted for failure to register or carry proof of registration. Similarly, a commenter voiced concern about chilling effects on those willing to be sponsors as a result of the IFR, as adults living with children would be held criminally responsible for complying with the registration requirement. This, the commenter cautioned, would lead to children languishing for longer periods in ORR custody, where educational curricula are limited, and certain developmental needs—such as hugs—are prohibited. A commenter additionally commented that prioritized enforcement against those who fail to comply with registration and fingerprinting requirements could impact potential sponsors of UACs, including children's parents and other family members, impeding their ability to care for children once they leave ORR custody. Consequently, the commenter said, children could face prolonged time in ORR care or face release to more distant and potentially less suitable sponsors.
Un comentarista señaló que el Departamento no ofrece claridad alguna sobre qué sucedería con los menores que sean arrestados por incumplimiento, incluyendo si podrían ser devueltos a la custodia federal, como la de la ORR. El comentarista y otros, citando múltiples informes, expresaron preocupación adicional por los niños bajo custodia de la ORR debido a la complejidad de la norma y sus requisitos lingüísticos, lo cual, advirtieron los comentaristas, podría dar lugar a registros innecesarios de niños de 14 años o más y a acciones de ejecución contra los niños y sus familias. Los comentaristas señalaron que esto resulta particularmente preocupante, ya que la ORR ha comenzado a desmantelar los servicios legales para menores no acompañados y ha emitido su propia norma final provisional para que los empleados de la ORR compartan información sobre los patrocinadores con el ICE.
A commenter said the Department offers no clarity about what would happen to minors who are arrested for noncompliance, including whether they may be returned to Federal custody, such as under ORR. The commenter and others, citing multiple reports, expressed additional concern for children in ORR custody due to the rule's complexity and language requirements, which the commenters warned could lead to unnecessary registrations of children 14 and older and enforcement actions against children and their families. The commenters said this is particularly concerning, as ORR has begun dismantling legal services for UACs and has issued its own IFR for ORR employees to share information about sponsors to ICE.
Un comentarista, al abordar inquietudes detalladas, escribió que la Regla Final Interina (IFR) guarda silencio respecto de si el DHS tiene la intención de aplicar el requisito de registro a los menores extranjeros no acompañados (UAC, por sus siglas en inglés) que se encuentran bajo custodia gubernamental. El comentarista indicó que tampoco está claro si la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados (ORR, por sus siglas en inglés) debe completar los formularios de registro para los niños bajo su custodia, cómo la ORR tomaría tales determinaciones, qué dirección física se utilizaría, cómo evitar la duplicación del registro, y otras consideraciones relativas a los UAC. El comentarista señaló que la duración promedio de la estadía bajo custodia de la ORR supera los 30 días, y que algunos niños pueden permanecer en colocaciones de cuidado de crianza a largo plazo durante meses o más tiempo, lo que significa que muchos UAC podrían seguir bajo el cuidado del gobierno cuando se les exija cumplir con las disposiciones de registro. Citando la Guía de Políticas de la ORR, el comentarista explicó que la ORR actualmente lleva a cabo ciertas acciones para garantizar la asistencia del niño a las audiencias de inmigración programadas mientras se encuentra bajo custodia y facilita el acceso a orientaciones legales y evaluaciones; sin embargo, el comentarista señaló que, por lo general, la ORR no debe hacer declaraciones ni compartir información sobre el caso de inmigración de un niño con otras agencias federales, a menos que así lo solicite el niño o su proveedor de servicios legales. El comentarista afirmó que estas salvaguardas reconocen el efecto perjudicial y dañino que el intercambio no autorizado de información podría tener sobre los derechos del niño, la adjudicación justa de las solicitudes de protección humanitaria, y la seguridad general.
A commenter, discussing detailed concerns, wrote that the IFR is silent on whether DHS intends to apply the registration requirement to UACs in government custody. The commenter said it is also unclear whether ORR must complete registration forms for children in its care, how ORR would make such determinations, what physical address would be used, how to avoid duplication of registration, and other considerations for UACs. The commenter noted that average lengths of stay in ORR custody exceed 30 days, and some children may remain in long-term foster care placements for months or longer, meaning many UACs may still be in government care when they are required to comply with registration provisions. Citing the ORR Policy Guide, the commenter explained that ORR currently undertakes certain actions to ensure a child's attendance at immigration hearings scheduled while the child is in custody and facilitates access to legal orientations and screenings; however, the commenter noted that ORR generally must not make representations or share information about a child's immigration case with other Federal agencies unless requested by the child or their legal service provider. The commenter said that these safeguards recognize the harmful and prejudicial effect that unauthorized information sharing could have on a child's rights, fair adjudication of applications for humanitarian protection, and overall safety.
El comentarista expresó preocupación porque el Formulario G-325R incluye numerosas preguntas que podrían tener relevancia para el caso de inmigración de un niño y que también podrían estar contenidas en otras solicitudes legales que el niño está completando o ha presentado. El comentarista manifestó que sería inapropiado y perjudicial que la ORR completara este formulario en nombre de un niño, particularmente sin que el niño tenga la posibilidad de consultar con un abogado.
The commenter expressed concern that Form G-325R includes numerous questions with potential bearing on a child's immigration case that may also be contained within other legal applications the child is completing or has submitted. The commenter stated it would be inappropriate and prejudicial for ORR to complete this form on a child's behalf, particularly without the child's ability to consult with legal counsel.
Un comentarista expresó preocupación por la posibilidad de encarcelamiento de los UAC debido al incumplimiento de los requisitos analizados en la IFR, señalando que esto plantea cuestiones serias que el Departamento debería haber considerado, pero que no se abordan en la IFR. El comentarista afirmó que, por lo tanto, sería (printed page 39289) posible que los UAC enfrenten una nueva detención bajo custodia de la ORR o en instalaciones del ICE u otras instalaciones de aplicación de la ley. El comentarista cuestionó cómo tales arrestos se ajustarían a la TVPRA, el Acuerdo Flores, y las reformas de justicia juvenil relativas a las condiciones y protecciones procesales para niños y jóvenes.
A commenter expressed concern about the potential for imprisonment of UACs based on noncompliance with requirements discussed in the IFR, stating that this raises serious issues that the Department should have considered but does not address in the IFR. The commenter stated it would therefore be ( printed page 39289) possible for UACs to face re-detention in ORR custody or in ICE or other law enforcement facilities. The commenter questioned how any such arrests would comport with the TVPRA, Flores Settlement, and juvenile justice reforms regarding conditions and procedural protections for children and youth.
Respuesta: El reglamento provisional (IFR) y la presente regla final tienen un alcance limitado y establecen una opción de registro general disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. Cuando el Congreso estableció el requisito de registro de extranjeros en 1940, no abordó los escenarios en los que un menor extranjero de menos de 14 años que debiera registrarse estuviera presente en los Estados Unidos sin un padre, madre o tutor legal. Sin embargo, el estatuto y los procesos de registro no exigen que el padre, la madre o el tutor legal estén ellos mismos presentes en los Estados Unidos para registrar a un menor extranjero de menos de 14 años, conforme a lo exigido en la sección 262(b) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). Lo mismo aplica para los menores no acompañados (UAC) de menos de 14 años bajo la custodia del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos (HHS) o que hayan sido entregados a un patrocinador que no sea su padre, madre o tutor legal; el estatuto sigue imponiendo la obligación de registrar al UAC al padre, madre o tutor legal. El estatuto no impone la obligación de registrar al UAC a la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados (ORR) ni a ningún patrocinador que no sea padre, madre o tutor legal. Además, en general, a los UAC se les notifica mediante el Formulario I-862, Aviso de Comparecencia, y se les coloca en procedimientos de remoción por parte del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) antes de que el UAC sea transferido al cuidado, custodia y colocación de la ORR. Véase 8 U.S.C. 1232(a)(5)(D) y 8 CFR 236.3(f)(1). Se considera que los UAC están registrados una vez que el DHS emite el Formulario I-862. Véase 8 CFR 264.1(b). En cuanto a los UAC que tienen 14 años de edad o más, el DHS señala que ya reciben la notificación personal de inicio de procedimientos de remoción mediante el Formulario I-862, Aviso de Comparecencia, lo cual constituye evidencia de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b), y deben firmar sus propias solicitudes de beneficios migratorios. Véase 8 CFR 103.8(c)(2)(ii); véase 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2). El DHS, conforme a las instrucciones del presidente Trump en la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, ha difundido información sobre el deber de los extranjeros descrito en la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, de registrarse y ser tomados sus huellas dactilares (si así se requiere). Además de las acciones normativas para difundir información sobre el requisito de registro de extranjeros, el Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS) estableció un sitio web dedicado con información sobre el Requisito de Registro de Extranjeros (ARR) y una Herramienta ARR que puede ayudar a los extranjeros a determinar si deben registrarse.
Response: The IFR and this final rule are limited in scope and establish a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. When Congress established the alien registration requirement in 1940, it did not address scenarios in which an alien child under 14 years of age required to register would be present in the United States without a parent or legal guardian. However, the statute and the registration processes does not require a parent or legal guardian to themselves be present in the United States in order to register an alien child under 14 years of age as required under section 262(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). The same is true for UACs under 14 years of age in HHS custody or who have been released to a nonparental or non-legal guardian sponsor; the statute still places duty to register the UAC on the parent or legal guardian. The statute does not place a duty to register a UAC on ORR or on any nonparental or non-legal guardian sponsor. Also, in general, UACs are served Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and placed in removal proceedings by DHS before the UAC is transferred to ORR care, custody, and placement. See8 U.S.C. 1232(a)(5)(D) and 8 CFR 236.3(f)(1). UACs are considered to be registered once the Form I-862 is issued by DHS. See8 CFR 264.1(b). With regard to UACs who are 14 years of age or older, DHS notes that they already receive personal service of notices to initiate removal proceedings on Form I-862, Notice to Appear, which constitutes as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b), and must sign their own applications for immigration benefits. See8 CFR 103.8(c)(2)(ii); see8 CFR 103.2(a)(2). DHS, as directed by President Trump in E.O. 14159, has publicized information about the duty of aliens described in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, to register and be fingerprinted (if required). In addition to the rulemaking actions to publicize information on the alien registration requirement, USCIS established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.
Asimismo, como se mencionó anteriormente, la disposición penal relativa al incumplimiento o la negativa a registrarse no se aplica a los extranjeros menores de 14 años. Si bien el DHS se remite a sus contrapartes en el Departamento de Justicia (DOJ) en lo relativo a la aplicación de las disposiciones penales, el DHS señala que, para los extranjeros de 14 años de edad o más, solo se sanciona el incumplimiento o la negativa "deliberada" a registrarse o a que se les tomen las huellas dactilares, conforme a la sección 266(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Also, as mentioned previously, the criminal provision relating to a failure or refusal to register does not apply to aliens under 14 years of age. While DHS defers to its partners at DOJ regarding the enforcement of the criminal provisions, DHS notes that for aliens 14 years of age or older only a “willful” failure or refusal to register or be fingerprinted is penalized in section 266(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Si algún extranjero no está seguro de si está registrado, puede utilizar la Herramienta ARR establecida por el USCIS para determinar si debe registrarse.[52] Además, el requisito de portar documentación establecido en la sección 264(e) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), solo se aplica a los extranjeros de 18 años de edad o más a quienes el DHS les haya expedido evidencia de registro.
If any alien is unsure whether they are registered, an alien may use the ARR Tool established by USCIS, to determine if an alien must register.[52] In addition, the carry requirement of section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e), only applies to aliens 18 years of age or older who have been issued evidence of registration by DHS.
Comentario: Tras la colocación de un menor no acompañado con un patrocinador, se debe entregar al menor un Aviso de Comparecencia (Formulario I-862), el cual, conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b), se considera que satisface los requisitos de registro; sin embargo, múltiples comentaristas expresaron confusión y preocupaciones prácticas sobre el cumplimiento de los requisitos de registro por parte de los UAC mediante un Aviso de Comparecencia. Los comentaristas señalaron que, si bien la regla exime a quienes han recibido un Aviso de Comparecencia, esto resultaría confuso para muchos UAC y sus familias. Escribieron que los UAC no solo pueden desconocer la documentación específica que han recibido debido a su edad, vulnerabilidad y falta de competencia legal, sino que también es posible que no hayan recibido un Aviso de Comparecencia. Citando un informe, algunos comentaristas escribieron que, hasta hace poco, el Servicio de Control de Inmigración y Aduanas (ICE) mantenía una política de postergar la presentación ante los tribunales de inmigración de los Avisos de Comparecencia de los UAC hasta su colocación con patrocinadores. Además, razonó el comentarista, la recepción de los Avisos de Comparecencia por parte de los jóvenes no acompañados también se ha visto obstaculizada por los cambios de domicilio entre los menores y sus familias, así como por errores de información y notificaciones indebidas por parte del gobierno.
Comment: Following the placement of an unaccompanied child with a sponsor, the child is to be provided with an NTA (Form I-862), which 8 CFR 264.1(b) lists as satisfying the registration requirements; however, multiple commenters discussed confusion and practical concerns about UACs fulfilling the registration requirements with an NTA. Commenters said that, while the rule exempts those who have been served an NTA, this would be confusing for many UACs and their families. They wrote that UACs not only may be unaware of the specific documentation they have received by nature of their age, vulnerability, and lack of legal competency; but they also may not have received an NTA. While citing a report, some commenters wrote that, until recently, ICE maintained a policy of deferring filings with immigration courts of UACs' NTAs until their placement with sponsors. Furthermore, the commenter reasoned, receipt of NTAs for unaccompanied youth has also been hampered by address changes amongst children and families, and by information errors and improper service by the government.
Un comentarista señaló que los abogados han reportado muchos casos en los que el DHS no presenta o se demora en presentar los NTA (Avisos de Comparecencia) que se han emitido a los UAC (menores extranjeros no acompañados) ante la EOIR (Oficina Ejecutiva de Revisión de Casos de Inmigración) del DOJ (Departamento de Justicia). El comentarista dijo que, en los casos en que el formulario no se presenta ante la EOIR de manera oportuna, no se debería esperar que un menor no acompañado presente el Formulario G-325R; en cambio, una vez que se le ha emitido un NTA, debería considerarse que está registrado. El comentarista expresó preocupación por que el IFR (reglamento provisional final) no contempla este escenario y solicitó claridad respecto de si la emisión del Formulario I-862 sin la presentación de dicho formulario ante la EOIR satisfaría los requisitos de registro.
A commenter remarked that lawyers have reported many cases where DHS either fails to file or delays in filing NTAs that have been issued to UACs with the DOJ's EOIR. The commenter said that, in cases where the form is not filed with EOIR in a timely manner, an unaccompanied child should not be expected to file Form G-325R; instead, once they have been issued an NTA, they should be considered registered. The commenter expressed concern that the IFR does not contemplate this scenario and requested clarity as to whether the issuance of Form I-862 without the filing of said form with EOIR would satisfy the registration requirements.
Respuesta: El IFR y esta regla tienen un alcance limitado y establecen una opción general de registro disponible para todos los extranjeros no registrados, independientemente de su estatus migratorio. Los reglamentos identifican el Formulario I-862 como constitutivo de prueba de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b), y se considera que un extranjero que cuenta con esta prueba de registro ha cumplido con su deber de registrarse ante el gobierno conforme a la sección 262(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a). Si un UAC o su patrocinador no está seguro de si el UAC está registrado, el UAC o su patrocinador puede utilizar la Herramienta ARR establecida por USCIS (Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos) para determinar si un extranjero debe registrarse.[53]
Response: The IFR and this rule are limited in scope and establish a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. The regulations identify a Form I-862 as constituting evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b), and an alien with this evidence of registration is considered to have complied with their duty to register with the government under section 262(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a). If a UAC or his or her sponsor is unsure whether the UAC is registered, the UAC or his or her sponsor may use the ARR Tool established by USCIS, to determine if an alien must register.[53]
Comentario: Un comentarista expresó preocupación por el requisito de admitir adjudicaciones juveniles, incluso aquellas que fueron selladas, lo cual, según el comentarista, podría tener consecuencias migratorias que los menores no entenderían.
Comment: A commenter expressed concern with the requirement to admit juvenile adjudications, even those that were sealed, which the commenter said could have immigration consequences children would not understand.
Respuesta: Conforme a la sección 262(a) de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a), los formularios designados para registrar a los extranjeros "deberán contener preguntas con respecto a. . . los antecedentes policiales y penales, si los hubiera, de dicho extranjero". Véase INA sec. 264(a), 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). Muchos formularios utilizados para solicitar beneficios migratorios requieren información sobre los antecedentes penales del solicitante, incluso si la actividad delictiva ocurrió cuando el solicitante era menor de edad. Véase, por ejemplo, el Formulario I-485, Solicitud de Registro de Residencia Permanente o Ajuste de Estatus, Parte 9, Pregunta 23; Formulario I-589, Solicitud de Asilo y de Retención de la Remoción, Parte B, Pregunta 2.
Response: Under section 262(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(a), forms designated to register aliens “shall contain queries with respect to . . . the police and criminal record, if any, of such alien.” See INA sec. 264(a), 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). Many forms used to seek immigration benefits request information about the applicant's criminal history, even if the criminal activity occurred when the applicant is a minor. See, e.g., Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, Part 9, Question 23; Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal, Part B, Question 2.
Comentario: Un comentarista expresó sus preocupaciones sobre la confusión y los desafíos de cumplimiento para los UAC, incluidos aquellos bajo custodia de la ORR (Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados), y sugirió que debería existir, como mínimo, una exención clara para los menores que se encuentran actualmente o que han estado anteriormente bajo custodia federal de inmigración. El comentarista razonó que estos menores ya han sido procesados por agencias gubernamentales y deberían haber recibido un NTA, aunque es posible que no lo tengan en su posesión debido a prácticas y políticas del gobierno, y que estos menores necesariamente han proporcionado información biográfica y biométrica, lo que hace innecesario un registro adicional. Otro comentarista instó al DHS a rescindir el IFR y, como mínimo, exentar a los UAC de las disposiciones, a fin de evitar el regreso de esta población a la trata de personas y otros daños. El comentarista sugirió que, en lugar de aumentar las barreras para los UAC que enfrentan daños conocidos, el DHS podría haber exentado por completo a los UAC (página impresa 39290) o considerado otras solicitudes legales de los menores como prueba de registro.
Comment: A commenter expressed his concerns about the confusion and compliance challenges for UACs, including those in ORR custody, and suggested that there should, at the least, be a clear carveout for children who are currently or have previously been in Federal immigration custody. The commenter reasoned that these children have already been processed by government agencies and should have been issued an NTA, although it may not be in their possession due to government practices and policies, and that these children have necessarily provided biographic and biometric information, rendering further registration unnecessary. Another commenter urged DHS to rescind the IFR, and, at minimum, exempt UACs from the provisions, to prevent the return of this population to trafficking and other harm. The commenter suggested, rather than increasing barriers for UACs facing known harm, DHS could have exempted UACs ( printed page 39290) altogether or considered children's other legal applications as evidence of registration.
Respuesta: El estatuto establece exenciones limitadas [54] a los requisitos de registro de extranjeros. El IFR y esta regla final no han creado ni modificado los requisitos estatutarios establecidos por el Congreso que se aplican a los extranjeros menores de 14 años, aquellos que recientemente han cumplido 14 años de edad dentro de los Estados Unidos, y aquellos de 14 años de edad o más que todavía son considerados "menores" para fines migratorios.
Response: The statute provides limited exemptions [54] to the alien registration requirements. The IFR and this final rule have not created or modified the statutory requirements established by Congress that apply to aliens under 14 years of age, those who have recently turned 14 years of age within the United States, and those 14 years of age or older who are still a “child” for immigration purposes.
El DHS coincide en que los extranjeros a quienes se les ha emitido un NTA mediante el Formulario I-862 cuentan con prueba de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b) y no necesitarían completar la opción general de registro prevista en el IFR y esta regla final. En general, un extranjero ya está registrado si el extranjero:
DHS agrees that aliens issued an NTA on a Form I-862 have evidence of registration in accordance with 8 CFR 264.1(b) and would not complete the general registration option as provided in the IFR and this final rule. An alien is, in general, already registered if the alien:
Recibió una visa de inmigrante o de no inmigrante y, en su ingreso más reciente, fue admitido a los Estados Unidos utilizando dicha visa;
Was issued an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa and at his or her most recent arrival was admitted into the United States using that visa;
Ha recibido uno de los documentos designados como prueba de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b); o
Has been issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under8 CFR 264.1(b); or
Presentó uno de los formularios designados en el 8 CFR 264.1(a) y proporcionó huellas dactilares (a menos que se hubiera dispensado este requisito), pero no se le emitió uno de los formularios que constituyen prueba de registro designados en el 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Submitted one of the forms designated at8 CFR 264.1(a) and provided fingerprints (unless waived) but was not issued one of the forms of evidence of registration designated at 8 CFR 264.1(b).
f. Menores Especiales Inmigrantes
f. Special Immigrant Juveniles
Comentario: Un comentarista expresó preocupación de que los menores que presentan el Formulario I-360, en busca del estatus de SIJ, tendrían dificultades para evaluar si han cumplido con los requisitos de registro. El comentarista señaló que, después de presentar un Formulario I-360 basado en SIJ, generalmente no se requiere que los solicitantes asistan a citas biométricas; sin embargo, quienes presentan el Formulario I-765, después de recibir una determinación de acción diferida basada en SIJ, deben asistir a una cita biométrica, aunque no siempre se les toman las huellas dactilares. El comentarista indicó que muchos de estos menores no sabrían con certeza si están registrados y sería poco probable que completaran el Formulario G-325R por su cuenta. Instaron al Gobierno Federal a tomar en cuenta la edad y las vulnerabilidades particulares de los menores que solicitan el estatus de SIJ, y a eximir a los menores que presentan el Formulario I-360 del requisito de toma de huellas dactilares, tal como se exime a todos los menores de 14 años.
Comment: A commenter expressed concern that children who file Form I-360, seeking SIJ status, would experience difficulties assessing whether they have met the registration requirements. The commenter said, after filing a SIJ-based Form I-360, applicants generally are not required to attend biometrics appointments; however, those who file Form I-765, after they receive a SIJ-based deferred action determination are required to attend a biometrics appointment, although they are not always fingerprinted. The commenter said that many of these children would be uncertain as to whether they are registered and would be unlikely to complete Form G-325R on their own. They urged the Federal Government to take the age and particular vulnerabilities of children who file for SIJ status into account and waive the requirement for children who file Form I-360 to be fingerprinted, just as it waives the requirement for all children under the age of 14.
Respuesta: El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS), según lo ordenado por el presidente Trump en la Orden Ejecutiva 14159, ha dado a conocer información sobre el deber de los extranjeros descritos en la sección 262 de la INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, de registrarse y tomarse las huellas dactilares (si se requiere). Además de las acciones de reglamentación para difundir información sobre el requisito de registro de extranjeros, USCIS estableció un sitio web dedicado con información sobre el ARR y una Herramienta ARR que puede ayudar a los extranjeros a determinar si deben registrarse. Si algún extranjero no está seguro de si está registrado, puede usar la Herramienta ARR establecida por USCIS para determinar si un extranjero debe registrarse.[55]
Response: DHS, as directed by President Trump in E.O. 14159, has publicized information about the duty of aliens described in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, to register and be fingerprinted (if required). In addition to the rulemaking actions to publicize information on the alien registration requirement, USCIS established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register. If any alien is unsure whether they are registered, an alien may use the ARR Tool established by USCIS, to determine if an alien must register.[55]
Un extranjero al que se le haya expedido uno de los documentos designados como evidencia de registro conforme al 8 CFR 264.1(b), incluido el Formulario I-766, Documento de Autorización de Empleo, ya se ha registrado. Sin embargo, un extranjero al que se le haya expedido evidencia de registro y que cumpla 14 años de edad en los Estados Unidos debe solicitar el reregistro dentro de los 30 días posteriores a su cumpleaños número 14 y tomarse las huellas dactilares, si se requiere. Estos extranjeros pueden presentar un Formulario G-325R para reregistrarse y tomarse las huellas dactilares.
An alien issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b), including a Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, has already registered. However, an alien who was issued evidence of registration and turns 14 years old in the United States must apply for reregistration within 30 days after the 14th birthday and be fingerprinted, if required. These aliens may submit a Form G-325R to reregister and be fingerprinted.
Estas reglamentaciones no han creado ni modificado los requisitos estatutarios establecidos por el Congreso que se aplican a los extranjeros menores de 14 años, a aquellos que recientemente cumplieron 14 años de edad dentro de los Estados Unidos, y a aquellos de 14 años de edad o más que aún son considerados un "menor" para fines de inmigración.
These rulemakings have not created or modified the statutory requirements established by Congress that apply to aliens under 14 years of age, those who have recently turned 14 years of age within the United States, and those 14 years of age or older who are still a “child” for immigration purposes.
The statute requires aliens 14 years or older to be fingerprinted. See INA sec. 262, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Children under the age of 14 do not have to be fingerprinted for purposes of the registration statute. See INA sec. 262(b), 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). Pursuant to section 262(c) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(c), the Secretary may, in the Secretary's discretion and on the basis of reciprocity pursuant to regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, waive the requirement for fingerprinting in the case of any nonimmigrant. See INA sec. 262(c), 8 U.S.C. 1302(c). That authority was exercised through long-standing regulations at 8 CFR 264.1(e). The purpose of the IFR was to amend DHS regulations at 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) to designate a new registration form and an additional documentation that may serve as evidence of alien registration. The IFR did not alter the existing fingerprinting waiver scheme as outlined in 8 CFR 264.1(e), which is beyond the scope of the IFR and this final rule.
g. Child Survivors
Comment: A commenter expressed particular concern that the registration process could be manipulated by abusers seeking to control, coerce, or intimidate immigrant child victims. The commenter said that although there is an exception to criminal liability for lack of willfulness in failing to register, this exception requires a sophisticated understanding of criminal law, which children between 14 and 18 should not be expected to have, especially if they do not have access to counsel.
Response: DHS agrees that the criminal provision relating to a failure or refusal to register does not apply to aliens under 14 years of age and that, for aliens 14 years of age or older, it requires that such a failure or refusal to register be “willful.” INA sec. 266(a), 8 U.S.C. 1306(a), but DHS defers to DOJ regarding enforcement of the criminal provisions.
3. Applicability to Canadian Citizens
a. Burdens and Redundant Requirements for Canadians
Comment: Many commenters expressed concerns about the application to Canadian visitors, with commenters warning that the requirements would deter Canadians from visiting or returning to the United States.
A commenter specifically expressed concern about applicability of the IFR to nonimmigrant Canadian tourists and business travelers, who were not issued an electronic Form I-94 upon processing at a land port of entry, to submit Form G-325R if they plan to be physically present in the United States for 30 days or longer.
A commenter expressed concern that the IFR creates an unnecessary burden on Canadian tourists to the United States. The commenter reasoned that Canadian citizens entering the United States by land typically do not receive an electronic Form I-94, unlike those arriving by air or sea. As a result, the commenter said that hundreds of thousands of Canadian travelers who enter the United States for extended stays of 30 days or longer through land ports of entry would be required to register with USCIS. The commenter said this requirement is redundant given the extensive information sharing between Canada and the United States, including the coordinated Entry/Exit information system established under the Beyond the Border security agreement in 2011, which permits the ( printed page 39291) sharing of biographic entry data on all travelers who cross the land border. The commenter also remarked that the United States has access to Canadian criminal record and public safety information through the Canadian Police Information Centre system.
Commenters expressed concerns with the applicability of the IFR to Canadian visitors who entered the United States at land ports of entry and were not issued evidence of registration, reasoning that it would be overly burdensome for them to fulfill the requirement to create an individual electronic account, complete a form asking for more information than they would have otherwise had to provide for admission into the United States, and then appear for a biometrics appointment at an ASC. Furthermore, the commenters wrote that the Department could better meet the IFR's compliance objectives and increase efficiency by capturing all of the information at one's time of entry, rather than waiting 30 days for such individuals to self-report. A commenter specifically expressed concern that the fingerprinting proposal would lead Canadians to exit en masse and suggested that “a form and a passport” is sufficient.
Response: DHS agrees that aliens who are Canadian citizens and admitted at land ports of entry as nonimmigrant visitors for business or pleasure are generally not issued a Form I-94. Under 8 CFR 212.1, a visa is generally not required for these aliens and under 8 CFR 235.1(h), the Form I-94 is not required. An alien who was admitted without the issuance of Form I-94 and without issuance of a nonimmigrant visa under section 221 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201, who remains for 30 days or more in the United States must register in order to comply with section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Such an alien may use the general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status or one of the other paths to registration available under the regulation.
Regarding the commenters' suggestion that it would be reasonable for Canadian visitors to register in connection with their admission to the United States as nonimmigrants, rather than after their admission, DHS agrees. While most Canadian citizens seeking to be admitted at land ports of entry as nonimmigrant visitors for business or pleasure, or for direct transit through the United States, are not subject to the Form I-94 requirement under 8 CFR 235.1(h)(1)(i), they may choose to request a Form I-94 from CBP in advance of their travel at https://i94.cbp.dhs.gov/​home. Aliens issued Form I-94 upon admission as nonimmigrants are considered registered under 8 CFR 264.1, and a Canadian citizen who opts for this approach has fulfilled his or her duty to register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, and generally, does not have to register again during his or her visit to the United States. DHS agrees with these and other commenters who have suggested that DHS should consider whether there are other processes that include robust information collection and thorough screening and vetting, including the provision of biometrics, that may be suitable ways for aliens to comply with the registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. DHS has updated the list of prescribed registration forms as well as evidence of registration as a part of this final rule. See section IV.A.2 of this preamble. DHS is also seeking comments on the possible addition of other forms. See section V. of this preamble.
A nonimmigrant who is a Canadian citizen and who files the G-325R may be eligible for a waiver of the registration fingerprinting requirement under 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2) or, in more limited circumstances, 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1). Once an alien submits the Form G-325R, USCIS reviews the information and any DHS records to determine if an alien is already registered or if fingerprints are required. If a Canadian nonimmigrant who submits Form G-325R is not already registered and is not required to be fingerprinted, USCIS will provide the alien with evidence of registration through his or her USCIS online account without the scheduling of a biometrics appointment. Under section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a), forms for registration of aliens should collect information related to an alien, including activities in which the alien has been and intends to be engaged. Further, as mentioned in the IFR and this rule, the information an alien provides in the registration process and the biometric collection, if required, provides DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist. DHS prioritizes the removal of aliens who pose threats to public safety and national security and this information helps DHS address such threats.
b. Requests for Exemptions
Comment: A commenter stated that Canadians should be exempt from the rule, reasoning that requiring registration for Canadians who plan to stay in the United States longer than 30 days adds an unnecessary burden for both Canadian visitors and DHS. The commenter further reasoned that Canadians pose very little to no risk to national security and have close relations with the United States. Another commenter wrote that Canada and the United States “have always had open borders” and warned that this would put a strain on relationships across the borders, particularly for Canadians needing access to U.S. medical facilities. The commenter further expressed concern that the rule would stop travel on the Alaska Highway or entry into Canada.
Other commenters discussed the historical and practical reasons for insulating Canadian visitors from registration. Citing research, the commenters stated that, by 1952, Canadians visiting the United States for less than 6 months were exempt from registration requirements, even though there was no clear authorization in the statute for these exemptions. Additionally, the commenters said that, for Canadian visitors present in the United States for 30 days or more, CBP has long waived the need to obtain an admission stamp in their passport or a Form I-94 admission record. Furthermore, the commenters reasoned that CBP admits many Canadian nonimmigrants to the United States at the land border without a Form I-94 admission record. Furthermore, due to CBP's implementation of stampless entry, the commenters said Canadian nonimmigrants are unlikely to be provided an admission stamp that references an entry date, category of admission, and end date. The commenters said that land border entries have always been treated differently due to processing time concerns for pedestrian, commercial, and passenger vehicular traffic, reasoning that, due to CBP's pragmatic approach, Canadians are accustomed to being allowed to remain in the United States for up to 6 months after driving into the United States via a land port of entry. The commenters ultimately expressed concern that the IFR does not maintain these exemptions despite Canadians' low security risk and visa exemptions in most nonimmigrant categories. The commenters said that enforcing the provisional Form I-94 process at land borders would burden limited CBP staff while yielding minimal security benefits.
A commenter similarly recommended exempting Canadian travelers who have not been issued an electronic Form I-94 from the general registration requirement, reasoning that Canadian citizens entering the United States at the ( printed page 39292) land border should be considered “registered” when they are inspected and admitted by CBP officers. The commenter further reasoned that the E.O. was intended to apply to unlawfully present individuals, not tourists temporarily visiting the United States, and noted that the registration form itself does not permit users to enter a foreign address, such as a Canadian residential address.
Response: DHS has an obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including the alien registration requirement. See INA sec. 103(a), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a). Through the IFR and this final rule, DHS created a new mechanism for aliens to comply with the registration requirement. Creating exemptions to the requirement is beyond the scope of this rule.
DHS notes that as part of the administration's communication outreach, the U.S. Embassy in Canada has created a website with additional guidance as a resource for Canadians traveling to the United States. See U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada, “What does the Alien Registration Act mean for Canadians?” (Mar. 25, 2025), https://ca.usembassy.gov/​alien-registration-requirement/​#canadians. Also, in response to comments, DHS has prescribed additional forms that constitute evidence of registration to the regulations. See Section IV of this preamble.
c. Impacts to the Economy and Relations With Canada
Comment: Commenters wrote that Canadians travel to U.S. states like Arizona and Florida, contributing significantly to local communities, tourism, and the economy; commenters cautioned that the rule would alienate Canadians or damage the United States' personal or economic relations with Canada.
Commenters expressed concern that admissions at the northern land border have already decreased, leading to negative implications for the U.S. economy and U.S.-Canadian relations. While providing detailed remarks to support this view, a commenter stated that applying the general registration requirement to Canadian visitors would negatively impact tourism to the United States. The commenter stated that Canada is the largest international tourism market for the United States, with annual spending exceeding $20 billion U.S. dollars, and that Canadians represent almost 40 percent of all foreign visitors to Florida. The commenter added that many local economies in the U.S. Sunbelt are reliant on Canadian visitors and the tourism dollars they bring. The commenter cited estimates from the U.S. Travel Association, writing that a 10 percent reduction in Canadian visitation could result in 2 million fewer visits, or $2.1 billion in lost spending, and 14,000 job losses. The commenter additionally voiced concern that policies such as the registration requirement under the IFR have contributed to decreases in cross-border travel, reasoning that the number of travelers entering the United States in a passenger vehicle dropped from 2,696,512 in February 2024 to 2,223,408 in March 2025—the lowest numbers since April 2022. The commenter characterized the IFR as “a step backward in bi-national relations and border security strategy,” noting that there is no reciprocal registration required of U.S. citizens temporarily visiting Canada. They concluded that the IFR establishes an unprecedented registration requirement on Canadian tourists, potentially subjecting them to civil and criminal penalties if they do not timely register with USCIS.
A commenter further emphasized the significant economic relationship between the United States and Canada, and the long-standing, mutually beneficial streamlined procedures for Canadian visitors. The commenters cited Canadian government statistics showing that at the end of 2024, 60 percent of Canada's foreign financial assets and 53 percent of international liabilities were in the United States, with Canadian investors' holdings of U.S. securities increasing by 270 percent over the prior 10 years to $3,044.8 billion.
Response: DHS welcomes all visitors to the United States who follow the appropriate procedures for entry into the United States and appreciates their positive impact and economic contributions.
DHS has the obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including the alien registration requirement. See INA sec. 103(a), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a). The statute requires most aliens, regardless of country of citizenship or nationality, present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register and with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted. DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not created these requirements or modified the duties established by Congress for aliens. This rule is consistent with E.O. 14159 and the alien registration requirements in sections 262 through 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305, and establishes a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status. By having prescribed a free, online, convenient, and easily accessible general registration option, DHS hopes to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens.
d. Feedback and Other Recommendations Related to Canadians
Comment: Commenters questioned whether visa-exempt Canadian children who enter the United States under the age of 14 would be subject to the requirement to register and be fingerprinted when they turn 14.
Response: Within 30 days of an alien reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and to be fingerprinted. If an alien does not have any other pathway to register and to be fingerprinted, the alien may file the Form G-325R to comply with their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
Comment: A commenter wrote that Canadian citizens with a valid NEXUS card should not be subjected to checks, reasoning that they have already been vetted, their biometric information is already on file with the U.S. Government, and NEXUS is linked to passports. Another commenter similarly wrote that many Canadian visitors who are frequent border crossers (and, therefore, do not receive a Form I-94 or a Form I-94W upon entry) and who would be subject to the rule possess NEXUS or Global Entry. This commenter said that there is no good reason why NEXUS would not count as valid registration. Another commenter thanked DHS for “taking [its] border security seriously” and asked whether Canadians with a NEXUS card would be required to complete the new registration for Canadians staying for more than 30 days. A commenter also questioned if members of the Canadian NEXUS trusted traveler program who had already submitted fingerprints or biometrics would be exempt from the registration requirement.
Response: DHS is aware that there are areas of the existing regulations that could be improved, including amending the list of forms constituted as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). Based on the comment relating to the Trusted Traveler Programs, and as part of this final rule, DHS is updating 8 CFR 264.1(b), to include as evidence of registration a CBP-approved document or its electronic equivalent for the Trusted Traveler Programs, Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, and FAST and include the class of aliens who were last admitted to the United States through ( printed page 39293) those programs. See new 8 CFR 264.1(b).
In regard to biometric collection, DHS has broad statutory authority to collect biometric information when such information is necessary or relevant to the administration of the INA, including for the alien registration requirement under section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). See8 CFR 103.2(b)(9), 8 CFR 103.16 and 17. However, an alien who is a Canadian visitor and who files the new registration form may be exempted from the fingerprint requirement under 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2), or, in more limited circumstances, 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1)
Finally, as part of this final rule, DHS is requesting comments on certain proposals that could be finalized through a future rulemaking to improve the usability of the regulations relating to the registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. See section V, Request for Comments, of this preamble.
4. Applicability to Aliens Seeking Humanitarian Relief
Comment: Multiple commenters requested that applicants for humanitarian relief should be considered already registered under the IFR and not be required to file Form G-325R. Specifically, should the rule go into effect, VAWA, T, and U benefit requestors should be considered already registered under 8 U.S.C. 1304 and should not be required to file Form G-325R. The commenter also suggested all immigrants with pending applications for relief who have already supplied USCIS with the same or similar types of information as collected on Form G-325R, should be considered already registered. Another commenter similarly remarked that, at the very least, the IFR should be amended to allow U, T, and VAWA pending applications to satisfy the registration requirement, reasoning that by not doing so, it would create confusion for applicants and additional legal barriers that jeopardize approval of their pending applications. A commenter said that any registration rule should create exceptions for survivors of abuse, crime and human trafficking who may have failed to register due to their fear of repercussions, violence, threats or coercive control by their abuser.
A commenter questioned why this information would not be sufficient to constitute registration, noting that many survivors with pending VAWA, T, or U filings would face complex calculations to determine whether they need to additionally register under the IFR. The commenter stated that survivors of abuse already face significant barriers when requesting legal status, including language access challenges, travel difficulties, and fear of retribution from abusers and traffickers. The commenter said that requiring these individuals to complete a separate registration process wastes resources and exacerbates fear by transforming USCIS from a benefit-granting agency into what they characterized as another enforcement arm of DHS.
Numerous commenters expressed concern that applying the registration requirements to applicants for humanitarian protection would exacerbate barriers to legal protections, including by increasing burdens, fear, and confusion. A commenter said that because the IFR relies on the outdated 1940 Alien Registration Act, many immigration applications, benefits, and standard forms updated in more recent years are excluded from the IFR's purview, creating unnecessary confusion and fear for immigrants who have come forward seeking established benefits and protections. The commenter said that the IFR would cause “immense confusion,” as those with DACA or TPS who have already provided extensive information and biometrics to USCIS, may reasonably believe that they have already registered, given the ambiguity and complexity of the rule and the Department's limited public notice of the new registration requirements. A few commenters expressed concerns about the applicability of the registration requirement or a lack of clarity in the IFR about DACA applicants. A commenter questioned why DACA enrollment would not count as a form of registration if not accompanied by an EAD, reasoning that DACA recipients already have submitted a substantial amount of information to USCIS and, thus, should be considered registered “in all practical sense.” Another commenter expressed concern that the IFR would cause confusion, including for those with DACA. The commenter said that determining whether a “noncitizen” needs to submit a G-325R is extremely complex and depends on several factors including their manner of entry, whether they have been in removal proceedings, whether they have ever filed a Form I-485, whether they have a Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, and the ultimate decision in their cases. However, the commenter said, the rule is silent on whether someone possessing a regulatory “form” or “evidence” of registration but who was not fingerprinted would have to use the new registration process, be fingerprinted, or both in order to be registered.
Several commenters wrote that DHS did not provide sufficient rationale for the exclusion of certain applicants for humanitarian benefits from the IFR. A commenter wrote that while the IFR lists about 22 groups of persons who are already considered “registered” because they have filed for a benefit and been fingerprinted by DHS, the rule excludes additional groups of persons who have also filed for a benefit and have been fingerprinted, including persons who have filed for U, T, or VAWA benefits in addition to persons who filed for asylum or TPS. The commenter stated that no rationale is provided for the exclusions from this list. Another commenter also expressed concern that DHS seeks to amend the provisions through this IFR to require TPS and asylum applicants to comply with the registration requirement, stating that DHS could easily have designated Form I-821 and I-589 as forms that meet the registration requirement pursuant to this rule, reasoning that these forms collect substantial amounts of biometrics and data about the applicants. Some commenters stated that the IFR inexplicably fails to explain—or even address—the decision not to use these existing forms for purposes of registration, ignoring the impact, including the cost, it will have on these groups and the unnecessary duplicity of the information collection of individuals who have already submitted to DHS screening.
A commenter wrote that DHS did not consider the burdens the IFR would impose on applicants for humanitarian relief, reasoning, for example, that while some I-360 self-petitioners can file Form I-485 with their I-360, not all are eligible for simultaneous filing. While providing detailed remarks and citing multiple studies on the impacts of trauma among survivors, the commenter stated that the IFR would place significant burdens on survivors, further exposing them to safety risks, without taking into account the trauma that results from the violence they have endured.
Commenters further questioned the intent behind the exclusion of certain humanitarian groups, raising concerns of enforcement. A commenter said that the omission of these forms makes it clear that the “real intent of the IFR is not to `register' immigrants but instead to criminalize them.” Another commenter wrote that capturing data the Federal Government already has and requiring aliens to submit to biometrics when they have likely already done so, ( printed page 39294) is “arbitrary and seemingly based on bias against these groups of noncitizens who are politically disfavored.” The commenter warned that, whether intended or not, the consequence of this requirement is that these groups would face another procedural hurdle in obtaining legal status and criminal consequences if they fail to comply. Another commenter said that, if the registration requirement of the IFR were used as an immigration enforcement tool against VAWA, T, and U applicants while their applications are pending, this would undermine the congressional intent of VAWA and the TVPA. Another commenter also remarked that the rule's applicability to VAWA, T, and U visa applicants runs contrary to the IFR's purported law enforcement goals, as these humanitarian relief programs already support law enforcement efforts by encouraging survivors to engage with the justice system
Another commenter recommended that any registration process provide flexibility to allow survivors of violence to correct inconsistencies and consider how victimization may impact an individual's opportunity to comply with the registration process prior to conducting enforcement actions based on 8 U.S.C. 1306(a). The commenter cited a report indicating that 97 percent of victim service providers reported that victims who seek their services are being harassed, monitored, and threatened by offenders misusing technology. They expressed concern that abusers seeking to control, coerce, or intimidate victims might manipulate the registration process by interfering or preventing survivors from accessing the technology needed to complete registration.
Similarly, a commenter wrote that the IFR increases opportunities for bad actors to defraud immigrants and recommended that DHS rescind the IFR. Another commenter wrote that the registration process may be manipulated by abusers, traffickers against vulnerable populations, citing past examples of abusers manipulating victims by using their confusion over immigration forms or fraudulent actors who pose as law enforcement to make money from registering aliens.
Response: DHS notes that the various existing protections in the context of aliens who are applying for immigration benefits under a humanitarian program were established by Congress through legislation. While various pieces of legislation providing protections for aliens have been enacted, Congress has not made any changes to sections 262 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1306, regarding these humanitarian programs and the alien registration requirement.
The IFR and this rule is limited in scope to establish a general registration option available to all unregistered aliens regardless of immigration status to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens. An alien who has been issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b) has already registered, and an alien who has submitted one of the forms designated at 8 CFR 264.1(a) and provided fingerprints (unless waived), but was not issued one of the evidence of registration designated at 8 CFR 264.1(b), has complied with the registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. If an alien does not have any other pathway to register and to be fingerprinted, the alien may file the Form G-325R to comply with their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
In addition to the rulemaking actions to publicize information on the alien registration requirement, USCIS established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.[56]
DHS recognizes that the immigration processes can be complex and that requestors, including registrants, may still be at risk of becoming victims of scams or fraud. DHS encourages requestors to use the information on the USCIS website to avoid becoming victims of common scams, fraud and misconduct.[57] DHS also notes an alien who needs to correct an error on his or her Form G-325R should use the same procedures for correcting errors on immigration benefit requests. DHS recommends the alien to either contact the USCIS Contact Center for live assistance or submit an e-Request through the USCIS self-service tools.[58]
As mentioned elsewhere in this preamble, DHS is aware that there are areas of the existing regulations that could be improved, including amending the list of forms prescribed as registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and the list of forms constituted as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). As part of this final rule, DHS is requesting comments on various ways to amend the DHS regulation to improve implementation of the registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. See section V of this preamble.
5. Applicability to Other Immigrant Populations
a. Lawful Permanent Residents
Comment: Several commenters discussed concerns related to the applicability of the IFR to LPRs. A couple of commenters expressed concern that the E.O. does not specify which immigrant statuses it would affect and, therefore, could be applied to all individuals with immigrant status, including legal immigrants, permanent resident card holders and returning permanent residents after they temporarily leave and return to the United States, creating increased costs and administrative burden for these individuals.
Another commenter similarly wrote that this provision affecting LPRs lacks clarity and that DHS already has the requisite information on LPRs, and they concluded that this section is seemingly outside of the scope of this rule in addition to creating significant confusion regarding whether LPRs fall under the requirement to register “as if they were an “undocumented” individual.” Another commenter, expressing similar concerns, said that 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1) requires LPRs who are “temporarily” absent from the United States to apply for registration upon their return to the United States, and asked what is meant by “temporarily absent.” The commenter discussed the practical implications of this regulation and said that it “does not make sense,” reasoning that a temporary absence is not a permanent absence, and LPRs should not need to register if their Green Card is already proof of registration.
Response: The current regulation in 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1) applies to LPRs who reach the age of 14 when temporarily absent from the United States; the regulation requires such aliens to apply for registration within 30 days of returning to the United States using the applicable form instructions. For these cases, the alien would file the Form I-90 to register upon his or her return to the United States.[59] LPRs who are present in, or who reenter the United States after a temporary visit abroad, have complied with the alien registration requirement because they are in possession of a Form I-551 (“a green card”) and are generally not ( printed page 39295) seeking admission to the United States. See INA sec. 101(a)(13)(C), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(13)(C).
b. Spouses of U.S. Citizens
Comment: A commenter requested that spouses of U.S. citizens with an I-130 and submitting I-601A waivers should not have to register, reasoning that these individuals “are trying to do things the legal way.”
Another commenter asked for clarification from DHS regarding aliens who are in the United States illegally but have a pending family petition can stay in United States while waiting for their consular interview. The commenter said that their I-601A waiver application requires fingerprints. The commenter further asked whether registering and opting for voluntary departure would provide any benefits during the consular process, such as waiving the unlawful presence bar and eliminating the need for an I-601A waiver.
The commenter stated that “technically” a person is registered if they have applied for an I-601A waiver and have an alien number and have provided the required documents ( e.g., resident addresses, date of arrival, existing police reports). The commenter urged DHS to reflect that aliens who are in the process with the National Visa Center and USCIS to attain legal status fulfill the registration requirement.
Response: Aliens who are spouses of U.S. citizens with an approved immigration petition and have applied for a provisional waiver for unlawful presence are not registered unless the alien has been issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b). With regard to the question if registering would benefit an alien during the consular process, DHS notes that registration is not an immigration status, and registration documentation does not create an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law.
c. Long-Term Residents
Comment: A commenter urged DHS to consider the unique status of long-term residents. Specifically, the commenter requested that DHS exempt from the registration and fingerprinting requirements law abiding residents who have been present in the United States for over 20 years. The commenter also suggested that DHS develop a framework that distinguishes between genuine security threats and those who have made enduring, positive contributions.
Response: DHS, with the IFR and this final rule, has not changed the existing statutory registration requirements established by Congress for alien in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Because the registration of aliens is required by statute, DHS does not have the authority to categorically exempt such aliens or allow for special considerations; only Congress has that authority. DHS notes that many aliens who are present in the United States have already fulfilled their duty to register through a variety of pathways identified in 8 CFR 264.1.
F. Specific Rule Provisions
1. Regulatory Structure of 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b)
Comment: A commenter raised concerns about the structure of 8 CFR 264.1, which the commenter said the IFR fails to remedy. Specifically, the commenter expressed concern that 8 CFR 264.1(a) does not list certain forms and applications that, when approved, result in the issuance of documents listed in 8 CFR 264.1(b). The commenter remarked that the regulatory text provides no guidance on whether individuals already possessing a form constituting evidence of registration are required to submit one of the prescribed registration forms if they have not done so already. The commenter concluded that the IFR fails to remedy this contradictory scheme and merely adds one newly created form to each of the lists in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b).
A few commenters further discussed contradictory guidance in the rule regarding whether asylum seekers with certain documents (like EADs) are considered registered, creating confusion about compliance requirements.
A commenter reasoned that when DACA is granted and a work permit is issued, that work permit constitutes “evidence of registration” according to DHS's regulations. The commenter expressed discontent that the IFR does not address this issue and added that USCIS website's new guidance does not state whether DACA applicants must register using a Form G-325R, while it says applicants for asylum and TPS must do so. The commenter, therefore, requested that the IFR be revised to expressly list Forms I-821D and I-765 as “registration forms” under 8 CFR 264.1(a), to relieve DACA applicants of any obligation to register again by using the new Form G-325R, or at least make it clear whether DACA applicants must register even though they have already submitted documents that seemingly satisfy the statute's registration requirements. A commenter articulated additional concern that the IFR creates confusion by using outdated form names and not updating the names of forms listed in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b). As an example, the commenter cited Form I-590, “Registration for Classification as Refugee,” and said that the regulatory text does not indicate whether a successor form would be considered a registration form, which adds to the confusion.
A commenter said that the rule is vague and confusing, as it excludes certain groups from the list of immigration applications that can serve as proof of registration. Specifically, the commenter noted that applicants for U nonimmigrant status who have submitted Form I-918 and their biometrics, but have not yet received an EAD, presumably must still register, despite having already given detailed information to DHS. Another commenter expressed concern with the IFR's statement that it would amend regulations to designate additional documentation serving as evidence of registration.
Similarly, another commenter wrote that the rule leaves “crucial” questions unanswered, exposing individuals to criminal liability for issues beyond their control. The commenter said that while the regulations consider filing Form I-485 a form of registration, an I-485 receipt notice is not listed as an acceptable proof of registration. Similarly, the commenter continued an individual admitted with an immigrant visa would not have proof of their registration until receiving their Permanent Resident Card, which they said could take 90 days from the date of their entry to the United States. The commenter reasoned that individuals entering with immigrant visas are not always issued physical I-94s, nor does the I-94 website reliably provide copies of visa holders' I-94s. In such cases, the commenter said, individuals who have complied with the registration requirement could be subject to criminal liability for failing to carry proof of registration.
A commenter recommended that DHS add receipt notices to 8 CFR 264.1(b) as proof of registration. Citing text from the “Basis and Purpose of the IFR,” the commenter reasoned that individuals with pending applications may not have evidence of registration, as “the acceptable evidence of registration at 8 CFR 264.1(b) is the result of an approved application only.” The commenter wrote that, since the IFR is already revising 8 CFR 264.1(b) to add Form G-325R as a new proof of registration, DHS should take the ( printed page 39296) opportunity to add receipt notices for other applications, such as receipt notices for Form I-485 (application for Adjustment of Status). The commenter reasoned that this would help to reduce paperwork, saving those with pending Form I-485 applications from having to fill out another form to comply with registration evidence requirements.
Another commenter, echoing these remarks, stated that the list of proof of registration seems to be based on forms in existence in 1957, which the commenter regarded as “fundamentally unfair.” The commenter reasoned that anyone with an alien registration number is fingerprinted and registered by definition. Furthermore, the commenter suggested that anyone who has provided prints in any other immigration context or assigned an alien number should be classified as already registered, regardless of whether the form is on the list or whether their application was denied or is pending.
A commenter suggested that the IFR be revised through normal rulemaking procedures to expand the list of documents providing proof of alien registration such that any foreign national who has provided biometrics may be considered registered. They suggested that USCIS should focus its resources on collecting biographic information and biometrics from those who had not previously submitted applications or attended biometrics appointments. The commenter reasoned that a “simpler, more efficient solution” would be to consider Biometrics Appointment Notices (Form I-797C, Notice of Action) that have been stamped and dated by a USCIS officer at an ASC as proof of registration and include this form in 8 CFR 264.1. The commenter said that if the government fears that foreign nationals will fail to provide biometrics, it could be stipulated that a Form I-797 or Form I-797C containing the applicant's name and alien registration number becomes evidence of registration by function of law once biometrics are completed. They further stated that DHS officers, when presented with an individual's name and A-number, should be able to access all required information about that individual through existing systems. Thus, the commenter suggested that individuals who had already submitted immigration applications should not be required to submit the G-325R form, as this would represent an unnecessary duplication of information already in the government's possession.
Commenters wrote that there is no recognition of receipts generated via the Trusted Traveler Programs of CBP, such as Global Entry, as registration documents.
Response: DHS is aware that there are areas of the existing regulations that could be improved, including amending the list of forms prescribed as registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and the list of forms prescribed as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). Based on the comment relating to current Form I-590, and as part of this final rule, DHS is updating 8 CFR 264.1(a), to correctly reflect Form I-590's current title. See new 8 CFR 264.1(a).
In addition, in response to these comments DHS is proposing and requesting comments on amending the regulation to improve implementation of the registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. See section V of this preamble. In addition to proposing adding forms to 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b), DHS proposes to modify references to specific form names and numbers from various regulatory provisions that have been consolidated, discontinued or modified. See section V of this preamble. For the reasons addressed in section V of this preamble, DHS is not adding additional registration forms to 8 CFR 264.1(a) at this time.
DHS notes that as soon as any alien who filed Form G-325R appears and provides biometrics at an USCIS ASC, DHS issues an electronic copy of proof of his or her registration to the alien's myUSCIS account. The electronic copy of the evidence of registration satisfies an alien's obligation to carry proof of registration on his or her person. Although DHS appreciates the suggestion regarding other solutions for proof of registration, DHS believes the electronic version of the proof of registration (USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration) is an efficient solution for an alien to satisfy his or her obligations after providing biometrics.
Most aliens who have been issued one of the documents designated as evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b) have already registered and are not required to submit one of the prescribed registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) if the alien has not already done so. However, an alien who reaches age 14 years old is required to apply for re-registration and to be fingerprinted.
Finally, DHS disagrees that the information in the IFR concerning whether or not asylum applicants are considered registered was confusing. DHS clearly outlined that asylum, TPS, and DACA applicants who are issued a Form I-766 (EAD), are considered registered. See 90 FR at 11795, FN 5 (March 12, 2025). USCIS has provided guidance on its website, including an Alien Registration Requirement (ARR) Tool, that may help with an alien's determination whether he or she is registered or must register. See USCIS/DHS, Alien Registration Requirement, https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration.
2. Submission Process
a. Process Is Overly Complex
Comment: Multiple commenters discussed the difficulties immigrants would face in submitting documentation through the myUSCIS account system. A couple of these commenters wrote that DHS had not considered barriers to understanding and complying with complex rules on documentation, particularly for those with limited English language comprehension. A different commenter described the IFR as imposing documentation challenges, while others described the rule as “extremely convoluted,” “lacks clarity and will be inaccessible,” and “will likely be impossible for many noncitizens to complete.”
Response: With this IFR and final rule, as always, DHS strives to be fair and efficiently execute the immigration laws established by Congress. In addition to the rulemaking actions to publicize information on the alien registration requirement, USCIS established a dedicated website with information on the ARR and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.
Comment: A commenter raised concern about minors aged 14 being able to make appointments to comply with registration requirements. The commenter proposed using schools as registration sites to help both citizen and alien minors establish proper ID. Specifically, the commenter suggested incorporating alien registration and Green Card renewals into school ID picture days alongside passport card applications for citizens. The commenter reasoned that schools could use existing student information (with parental consent) to streamline the process. The commenter also wrote that this approach could assist minors with meeting registration or ID requirements. The commenter said that this approach would not single out students who lack legal status, as it would be available to both citizens and “noncitizens”. Furthermore, the commenter reasoned, schools would protect minors from being charged with illegal presence, thus reducing fear while ensuring compliance.
Response: DHS declines the commenter's suggestion of using schools as registration sites. The Form G-325R ( printed page 39297) application process is entirely electronic. Similar to other applications and petitions that require the collection of biometrics, USCIS will schedule the alien for a biometric services appointment if biometrics are required to complete the registration. DHS notes that USCIS ASCs are located throughout the United States with at least one center located in each State, as well as the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. If an alien is unable to attend his or her scheduled biometric appointment for good cause, the alien should contact the USCIS Contact Center to reschedule the biometric appointment.[60]
b. Technical Issues for Attorneys and Representatives
Comment: A few commenters expressed concerns about the lack of guidance in the rule on whether attorneys or accredited representatives would be able to assist clients in the submission process. A commenter noted that their attorneys have been unable to access Form G-325R through their myUSCIS accounts and stated that it is essential for lawyers to have the ability to register their clients. They added that ensuring lawyers can access myUSCIS on behalf of their clients would also benefit USCIS, as lawyers would be better equipped to file forms without errors and respond efficiently to any issues flagged by USCIS. The commenter recommended that the IFR be amended to clarify that lawyers would be able to use myUSCIS accounts to complete Form G-325R on behalf of their clients. Similarly, another commenter expressed concern that registrants would lack necessary legal guidance, increasing the risk of errors or omissions in registrations.
A commenter wrote that their staff would need to ensure clients have completed submission through myUSCIS, adding significant logistical challenges and financial strain for both clients and the organization, and another commenter stated that the system is difficult to navigate and often has system maintenance and outages.
Another commenter described personal experience assisting clients with creating myUSCIS accounts to file applications such as the I-821, I-821D, I-765, and I-90 and reported that the system frequently crashes, permanently locks clients out of their accounts, delays for hours before allowing clients to pay for applications, and otherwise impedes clients from submitting required forms. The commenter stated that experience suggests most “noncitizens” would find the process prohibitively difficult and recommended that USCIS devote substantial resources to improving accessibility in ELIS system including hiring officials to improve the technical functioning of online systems, particularly with myUSCIS accounts.
Response: Each alien who is registering with the Form G-325R must complete and submit his or her own Form G-325R from the alien's individual online account. The Form G-325R can only be submitted by the named owner of the USCIS online account. A parent or legal guardian of an alien under the age of 14 who needs to register creates a myUSCIS account for the alien, and then completes and submits the G-325R on behalf of the alien through the alien's myUSCIS online account. If an alien is represented by an attorney or accredited representative for the Form G-325R, the alien may upload the Form G-28, Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative, as additional evidence or documents.
DHS also notes that if an alien, or parent or legal guardian of an alien under the age of 14, needs technical support with an online account, he or she can send a secure message through the alien's USCIS online account or go to the website, my.uscis.gov/account/v1/needhelp.
3. Proof of Registration
Comment: A commenter expressed concerns about the “Proof of Alien Registration” document that “noncitizens” would be required to carry. The commenter said that unlike other USCIS forms, this document has no identifying number in its title and has not been submitted to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) through the PRA. The commenter questioned whether the government intends to issue such documents as proof of registration, or if the registration process is designed primarily to facilitate deportation. The commenter added that DHS provides no guidance on how this form would be recognized as compliant, or whether the “unique identifier” number would be an A number or a different number categorization. In light of these uncertainties, the commenter concluded that the IFR is arbitrary and capricious in violation of the APA, and they urged that the rule be rescinded immediately.
Response: DHS disagrees with the commenter. DHS notes that an alien who registered using a Form G-325R and provided biometrics, if required, will be provided an electronic copy of proof of his or her registration (USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration) to the alien's myUSCIS account. In the alien's account, he or she will be able to download and print a PDF version of the notice. The proof of registration contains the alien's name and alien registration number and the Form G-325R receipt number. DHS notes that documents USCIS issues as evidence of alien registration, including the USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration, are not subject to the PRA. Unlike public forms published by USCIS for applicants to seek immigration benefits or submit other requests (such as the Form G-325R), evidence of alien registration do not contain an information collection. Therefore, these documents are not required to be approved by OMB. There is no statutory or regulatory requirement, including under the APA, that such documents have a particular form number to be effective.
Comment: A commenter raised concerns that the IFR does not acknowledge or provide an exception for individuals who are stopped after completing the registration form but before it is processed, before they have been given a fingerprint appointment, or before proof of registration is received, which the commenter said could result in the wrongful arrest and prosecution of such individuals.
A commenter, expressing general concerns about the carry requirement under the IFR, said that possession of a registration form is not an accurate indicator of one's status, reasoning that the form can be stolen, destroyed, lost, or even misplaced, therefore subjecting the individual to unfair criminal charges.
Response: DHS defers to its partners at DOJ regarding the enforcement of criminal penalties. DHS notes that DHS agencies have access to DHS databases to confirm whether the alien satisfied the registration requirement. If evidence of registration issued by USCIS is lost, stolen, or damaged, the alien should refer to the applicable form and instruction to replace that evidence if it is a secure identity document, such as the Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card, and I-766, Employment Authorization Document.
Comment: A commenter expressed concern about the potential for misuse of the new “Proof of Alien Registration” document. The commenter characterized the new document as a “de facto immigrant ID” that other government agencies, employers, or local authorities may use to demand proof of status. ( printed page 39298)
Response: The USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration is used as evidence of registration and does not provide proof of an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law.
Comment: A commenter asked whether laminating proof of registration would void it. The commenter additionally asked whether the proof of registration could be used as an ID. Finally, the commenter asked whether the proof of registration would include information such as the alien registration number on it or the picture of the registrant, or whether it would need to be “matched” with another form of ID.
Response: Aliens who are issued evidence of registration electronically by DHS, including Form I-94, and the USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration, may laminate the printed copy; it does not void the copy. Certain evidence of registration does not include a picture of the alien but contains biographical information about the alien that DHS agencies can confirm through DHS databases to determine if the alien satisfied the registration requirement.
Comment: Another commenter suggested that an optional “full” biometric services fee could be offered for a fraud-resistant, ID-worthy card that would serve as proof of registration. The commenter suggested such a card would be provided to those presenting a foreign passport or other proof of identity that could be linked for future consular reporting and other actions. The commenter reasoned that this could help match individuals in cases of supervised release and be included in the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements system, so it is clear whether an individual qualifies for any type of benefit. The commenter stated that with paper it is possible that people would share registration forms, and suggested future regulations “regarding capturing the alien registration number to an Employer Identification Number or other such forms.”
Response: DHS notes that registration is not an immigration status, and registration documentation does not create an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law. Aliens who apply for registration using the Form G-325R receive only an electronic copy of proof of registration in their myUSCIS account. Regarding the suggestion that DHS create a separate ID card to serve as proof of registration after an “optional `full' biometric service fee”, is outside the scope of this rulemaking, but DHS may consider such an option at a future date.
Comment: A commenter requested that DHS explain how those who previously registered but no longer have physical proof ( e.g., those who lost their temporary visa) can obtain new proof.
Response: For evidence of registration issued by another Department, DHS defers to that Department's procedures for replacing lost or stolen documentation. However, if evidence of registration issued by USCIS is lost, stolen, or damaged, the alien should refer to the applicable form and instructions to replace that evidence if it is a secure identity document, such as the Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card, and I-766, Employment Authorization Document. If the alien was issued an electronic Form I-94, Arrival/Departure Record, by DHS, the alien may obtain a copy of it by visiting the U.S. CBP I-94 website: Travel Records for U.S. Visitors. An alien who cannot access his or her electronic Form I-94 records and needs a replacement may generally request one by filing Form I-102, Application for Replacement/Initial Nonimmigrant Arrival-Departure Document.
4. Biometrics Process
a. Burdens on Immigrants
Comment: Many commenters stated that the requirement to appear in-person for biometrics collection would create an undue hardship on immigrants. Another couple of commenters wrote that requiring millions to register would impose significant burdens. A few other commenters specifically described unaffordable financial burdens from completing the biometric requirements. A couple of commenters wrote that immigrants would also be navigating ancillary costs and would find compliance with the requirement difficult or unattainable. A commenter wrote that many of the ASCs that process biometrics are geographically inconvenient, providing an example that no such centers exist within the city proper of Chicago, only in the Chicago suburbs. Another commenter remarked that the requirement forces immigrants to avoid criminality by keeping themselves updated on confusing and fast changing legislation.
Other commenters described the burdens of biometric collection for specific groups of immigrants. Other commenters discussed concerns for survivors of abuse, writing that their abusers might keep them from biometrics appointments. In light of these concerns, they recommended flexibility in the requirement and its enforcement toward survivors. A few commenters expressed concern for the burden of biometric compliance on those lacking childcare or transportation. A commenter wrote that the biometric collection requirement would particularly burden those with disabilities. Commenters expressed concern for the time and distance burdens of traveling to ASCs, particularly for those in rural areas. Another commenter stated that the IFR creates a discriminatory impact on aliens who live in rural areas and cannot afford to travel to complete the registration requirements. The commenter stated that these individuals would be “criminalized” for being unable to afford to travel.
One commenter articulated that forcing biometric identification on immigrants encroaches on the rights to privacy, the right to free movement set out in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and that the criminal penalties violate the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. The commenter further stated that the requirement is a frightening precedent in that it criminalizes vulnerable people.
Response: The statute established by Congress requires certain aliens applying for registration to provide fingerprints. If an alien is required to provide fingerprints after applying for registration, USCIS will schedule the alien for a biometric appointment. If an alien is unable to attend his or her scheduled biometric appointment for good cause, the alien should contact the USCIS Contact Center to reschedule the biometric appointment.[61]
With this IFR and final rule, DHS strives to be fair and efficiently execute the immigration laws established by Congress. The goal is to ensure that aliens understand their duty under the law and have a path to satisfy that duty through the new general registration process and form. DHS notes that USCIS ASCs are located throughout the United States with at least one center located in each State, as well as the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
b. Burdens on USCIS and Legal Advocates
Comment: A few commenters questioned whether USCIS had adequately identified the administrative costs of processing biometrics. A commenter wrote that the current numbers of ASCs that can process ( printed page 39299) biometrics are already insufficient and reasoned that the implementation of the biometrics requirement would lead to significant delays and inefficiencies, similar to past experiences attempting to implement biometrics requirements for populations more limited than the population the IFR would involve. The commenter also expressed concern that the biometrics requirement would cause delays in providing verification of registration and would likely not provide greater knowledge of criminal records as the IFR anticipates, describing similar alleged failures of the NSEERS program. One of the commenters questioned whether USCIS has the capacity to fingerprint large numbers of law-abiding, legally admitted aliens without delays that could unfairly criminalize them. Another commenter recommended expanding biometric processing locations and increasing staffing. Similarly, a commenter wrote that the enforcement of the biometric requirements would add significant logistical and financial strain to their organization in order to serve their immigration clients.
Response: The statute requires an alien to provide fingerprints, unless waived, as part of the registration process. In general, USCIS has not seen any significant delays or inefficiencies in biometric collection services for registrants and immigration benefit requestors. Further, USCIS regularly monitors the capacity of Application Support Centers and assesses biometrics collection processes to identify areas to improve biometric operations and processing.
c. Concerns of Biometric Data Collection
Comment: Several commenters raised concerns about data security and privacy surrounding sensitive biometric data, recommending DHS implement robust security measures to protect personal information. One of these commenters specified that centralizing personal information without safeguards or public awareness was concerning. Similarly, another commenter stated that no citizens should be required to give biometric information to the government. A different commenter warned that the requirement could set a dangerous precedent for U.S. citizens and residents. Another commenter urged strong child registration safeguards to prevent trafficking.
Without providing further support, one commenter stated that the government already has access to data for everyone, including immigrants.
Commenters expressed concern that the logistics of the biometric appointment could be counterproductive and unlikely to encourage compliance with registration, undermining the original purpose of the IFR. Similarly, a commenter described how filing Form G-325R would trigger a biometric appointment with USCIS for fingerprinting and stated that many “undocumented” immigrants would decide not to register, concluding that the policy goal of the IFR would not be reached.
A commenter described the biometric requirement as part of a registration process that does not provide immigration status or any “forbearance or relief from deportation or removal.” One commenter stated that visiting foreign citizens already register and agree to the rules of their visit and concluded that requiring biometrics is unnecessary and intrusive. Similarly, a different commenter wrote that with no clear justification, little transparency, and only limited oversight, the requirement is not administrative compliance or public safety policy but surveillance infrastructure.
Response: Similar to other applications and petitions that require the collection of biometrics by USCIS, the agency has a legal responsibility to safeguard biometric information collected, disseminated, used, or maintained as part of the G-325R process. DHS notes that DHS agencies may collect and store for present or future use, by electronic or other means, the biometric information submitted by an individual. See8 CFR 103.2(b)(9), 103.16 & 17. DHS may use this biometric information to conduct background and security checks, adjudicate immigration and naturalization benefits, and perform other functions related to administering and enforcing the immigration and naturalization laws. See8 CFR 103.16(a).
USCIS will schedule a biometric services appointment for an alien who files a Form G-325R if biometrics are required to issue evidence of registration. Registration is not an immigration status, and registration documentation does not create an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law. An alien who was issued an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa and at his or her most recent arrival was admitted into the United States using that visa is registered. However, the regulation provides limited circumstances where an alien who was issued and admitted to the United States using a nonimmigrant visa may be required to provide biometrics. See8 CFR 264.1(e)(2).
Comment: One commenter criticized the rule for establishing a 30-day deadline for registration and fingerprinting and enforcing the deadline with criminal penalties when USCIS controls the scheduling of fingerprinting. Another commenter asked if scheduling an appointment within 30 days would be sufficient even if the appointment occurs later and suggested linking existing fingerprint records or IDs to streamline registration.
Response: If an alien filed Form G-325R and is required to provide biometrics, USCIS will schedule the alien for a biometric services appointment at a USCIS ASC. If an alien is encountered while waiting for the scheduling of a biometric services appointment, DHS agencies have access to DHS databases to confirm whether the alien is working toward satisfying the registration requirement.
With regard to the comment on linking existing fingerprint records with a registration, DHS has broad statutory authority to collect biometric information when such information is necessary or relevant to the administration of the INA, including for the alien registration requirement under section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). See also8 CFR 103.2(b)(9), 8 CFR 103.16 and 17. For the registration requirement, fingerprint collection is a requirement under section 262 of the INA, and generally, USCIS does not reuse biometrics that are associated with an application, petition, or other benefit request to satisfy the registration requirement. The alien must provide biometrics that are associated directly with the registration application unless DHS waives the requirement of fingerprinting. Title 8 CFR 264.1(e) provides a list of circumstances when fingerprints are waived for an alien applying for registration.
Comment: A commenter stated that the IFR does not clearly state whether individuals need to provide only fingerprinting or a full set of biometrics for compliance, nor the rationale or authority for the requirement, concluding that the IFR should be withdrawn. The commenter added that requiring more than fingerprints would be inconsistent with other means of satisfying the registration requirement.
Response: As explained in the IFR (90 FR 11793, 11796 (Mar. 12, 2025)), DHS has the broad statutory authority to collect biometric information, if such information is necessary or relevant to the administration of the INA, including under sections 103(a), 262, and 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103(a), 1302, 1304(a). ( printed page 39300) Additionally, pursuant to 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9), 103.16, and 17, DHS may collect, use, and store biometrics, including fingerprints, for purposes of conducting background and security checks, adjudicating benefits and performing other functions related to administering and enforcing immigration laws.[62] The IFR, and the Form G-325R clearly address the biometric services collection and the need for biometrics, including fingerprinting and the biometric services appointment.
d. Biometric Requirement Exceeds Statutory Authority
Comment: A commenter critiqued the statutory interpretation of the IFR, writing that the IFR refers to the collection of “fingerprints” in 8 U.S.C. 1302(a), while naming the statutory authority for the registration requirement itself, and referring to a “biometrics” appointment when discussing the application of the IFR. The commenter wrote that 8 U.S.C. 1302 has no language regarding “biometrics,” and reasoned that the difference in terminology was significant. The commenter stated that if the IFR is intended to collect additional forms of biometrics, the IFR exceeds DHS's statutory authority and fails to explain the basis for collecting additional biometrics.
Response: In recent years, DHS has adopted the practice of referring to fingerprints as “biometrics,” “biometric information,” or “biometric services,” and has amended some of its regulations replacing fingerprints with biometrics. See, e.g.,8 CFR 103.2(a)(9) and (13), and 8 CFR 103.16 and 17. In this rulemaking, DHS generally uses the term biometric when discussing the collection and service appointment. As explained in responses throughout this section, DHS has broad statutory authority to collect biometric information when such information is relevant or necessary to the administration of the INA, including section 264(a), 8 U.S.C. 1304(a).
5. Filing Fee
Comment: A commenter expressed support for having aliens pay for registration. Many other commenters voiced opposition to the potential $30 fee. Some of these commenters, without providing additional rationale, stated that people should not be required to pay a $30 registration fee. Another commenter said the potential $30 fee was “egregious.” A different commenter, who objected to the potential costs of implementing the rule, called the $30 fee a “joke” and said that it would cost much more to properly file, store, and allow access to the database.
Other commenters said that, in their experience, even a modest fee can be an insurmountable barrier for many low-income families and immigrants. A commenter stated that the fee would serve as a de facto tax on immigrant poverty, particularly for those who lack work authorization and are therefore more likely to be low-income. Commenters added that the proposal would create a barrier to complying with a legal requirement, as requiring a registration fee for those without the ability to work in the United States means that individuals are either forced to pay a fee they cannot afford or face additional penalties or imprisonment for not registering. Another commenter wrote that the proposed fee increase comes at a time when many are already facing economic hardships, and the fee would make it more difficult for low-income and vulnerable populations to afford necessary immigration services. A commenter said that the fee requirement adds an undue burden to people attempting to attain legal status.
Other commenters said that the $30 fee under consideration would further burden vulnerable populations such as UACs, asylum seekers, and victims of human trafficking and other serious crimes. Another commenter added that applicants for asylum are prohibited from being issued an EAD until the application has been pending for at least 180 days, a $30 fee would be prohibitive for many asylum seekers and many would miss the 30-day filing fee for lack of funds.
A commenter expressed concerns about the accessibility of the registration requirement, stating that the proposed $30 fee would create a financial barrier. Similarly, a commenter stated that some nonimmigrants may not have access to the financial services, such as a bank account, checks, or a credit card, needed to pay the fee, requiring them to pay by mail with a money order. The commenter said that this would create delays in paying the fee that would hinder USCIS operations and leave individuals susceptible to Federal criminal penalties. Another commenter said that unless DHS offers a paper registration form, the proposal creates a process of entrapping many individuals who do not have a bank account or credit card to be able to make a payment through an online account. Another commenter stated that the mechanism for collecting the fee is unclear, and individuals subject to the fee may not be able to make online payments if they do not have a credit card or access to the internet.
Another commenter stated that registrants who are unable to pay the $30 would have no option to apply for a fee waiver when registering online. Commenters further noted that if individuals need to separately file Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, USCIS would need a mechanism to connect that application to the $30 biometric fee, the creation of which would be an unnecessary expenditure of government resources.
A few commenters wrote that there is no justification for imposing a fee. A commenter wrote that USCIS acknowledges that the registration system can operate without a fee, showing that the fee serves no legitimate purpose other than to create an obstacle for immigrants who are required to register. Similarly, a commenter remarked that the rule claims that the costs for collecting, storing, and using the biometrics will be borne by DHS, the rule gives no assurance that the cost will not be passed down to the applicant in the form of a $30 registration fee. Another commenter cited the 2024 final fee rule in which USCIS stated that there “will be no separate biometric service fee for most applicants.” The commenter added that most forms related to immigration enforcement do not require a biometric services fee. Other commenters said that USCIS fees are generally for benefits requests or for services, such as to acquire or improve one's legal status, but “noncitizens” applying for registration do not receive any benefit or service.
A commenter expressed concern that, while the future $30 biometric fee is presented as a hypothetical, it signals an intent to “commodify compliance.” Another commenter, expressing concern with the registration requirement, wrote that a $30 fee would be costly and warned that registration would proliferate “notario fraud.”
Response: DHS has carefully considered the comments. DHS has determined that it will not impose a biometric services fee for registration ( printed page 39301) applicants as part of this final rule. The approach does not diminish in any way the goals of the IFR, the registration process and outcome, and the implementation of the Administration's directive as articulated in E.O. 14159. This approach provides DHS with additional time to fully assess the effects of the registration implementation, including workload and operational effects. DHS may adopt, in a future rulemaking action, a biometric services fee or any other fee necessary to cover the implementation cost of the registration process. For example, DHS may implement a fee structure for purposes of the registration process in the future as part of USCIS' comprehensive fee review and fee schedule update.
DHS disagrees that there is no justification for imposing a biometric services fee or that the fee would create an obstacle for aliens who are required to register. As outlined in detail in the IFR (90 FR 11793, 11796 (Mar. 12, 2025)), DHS has broad statutory authority to collect biometric information when such information is necessary and relevant to the administration of the INA, including to conduct background and security checks. Collecting the information is warranted as a matter of national security and public safety of the United States.[63] Under the existing statutory and regulatory regime, USCIS may require the payment of a biometric services fee. See INA sec. 286(m), 8 U.S.C. 1356(m); 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9), 103.7, 103.17; 8 CFR part 106. Registration under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, is a statutory requirement and as such, the Executive is tasked with faithfully executing the immigration laws of the United States.
Comment: A commenter said that the IFR does not clarify whether the new process would involve additional fees, which they said further increases uncertainty for those affected. A different commenter remarked on increased administrative costs for DHS—citing costs of $66 to $96 million for biometric processing—and a lack of a fee structure to offset these costs. The commenter recommended that DHS secure funding or introduce phased implementation with fee waivers for low-income applicants. A commenter suggested that the illegal aliens already in the United States should pay the fees for people who have already gone through the process to enter the country legally.
Response: For the reasons stated in the previous responses, DHS has determined that it will not impose a biometric services fee or any other fee for registration applicants as part of this final rule.
Comment: A commenter said that USCIS has a history of adding fees without justification, stating that H-1B petitioners must pay an asylum fee even though the beneficiaries of H-1B petitions are not seeking asylum. The commenter asked what checks and balances exist to ensure that current fees are justified before imposing new fees.
Response: Consistent with section 286(m) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1356(m), DHS is authorized to charge fees for adjudication and naturalization services at a level to ensure recovery of the full costs of providing all such services, including similar costs of services provided without charge to asylum applicants or other immigrants. See INA 286(m), 8 U.S.C. 1356(m). Furthermore, as explained in the IFR, DHS has broad statutory and regulatory authority to collect biometric information, including under sections 103 and 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1103, 1304(a), 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9) and 8 CFR 103.16 and 17. However, for the reasons stated previously, DHS and USCIS decided against implementing a biometric services fee for purposes of this final rule.
6. Registration Validity
Comment: A commenter said that the registration requirement for certain populations is redundant, such as those with F or J visas, because they would have been admitted to the country in nonimmigrant status as described on their Form I-94. However, the commenter said that the IFR seems to require re-registration if a person turns 14 while in the United States, even if they have previously been issued a nonimmigrant visa and have a valid I-94 showing their nonimmigrant status. The commenter asked DHS to clarify the necessity to re-register at age 14 for nonimmigrants with F or J visas. Finally, the commenter said that requiring certain people to re-register would create confusion and burden government adjudicators with unnecessary paperwork.
Response: The IFR and final rule has not changed this statutory requirement but fills a gap in the regulation by adding an option for these aliens to now comply with the existing statutory registration requirements. Within 30 days of reaching his or her 14th birthday, all previously registered aliens must apply for re-registration and to be fingerprinted, including most aliens who were issued a nonimmigrant visa and were admitted into the United States using that visa. See INA sec. 262(b), 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). Aliens who were admitted using an F or J visa and reached 14 years old after admission may use the new form to register if they have no other pathway to satisfy this requirement.
Comment: Another commenter questioned the 30-day timeframe, noting that the United States typically permits 90-day stays for various purposes. The commenter suggested aligning implementation with this 90-day period, as opposed to a 30-day period.
Response: DHS notes that the statute requires aliens in the United States for 30 days or longer to apply for registration and to be fingerprinted before the expiration of the 30 days. The IFR does not change this statutory requirement established by Congress but fills a gap in the regulation by adding an option for these aliens to comply with the existing statutory registration requirements.
G. Other Issues Relating to the Rule
1. Confidentiality/Privacy of Registration and Fingerprinting
a. General Privacy Concerns
Comment: A few commenters expressed general data privacy and surveillance concerns. The commenters remarked on the risk of misuse of personal data and lack of clear restrictions, while one commenter expressed skepticism about the government's ability to manage such information responsibly, emphasizing the need for scrutiny by citizens and the international community.
Many commenters expressed privacy and data security concerns related to form submissions. Several commenters said the collection and storage of biometric data, and lack of protections stipulated in the IFR, raise concerns about data security and privacy and urged DHS to implement robust security measures and safeguards to protect this information from unauthorized access or misuse. A commenter said that the rule exacerbates concerns related to data privacy and engagement with government agencies. The commenter added that the rule does not specify how information would be used or whether information collected would be securely stored with the proper privacy and oversight. Another commenter expressed concern that the IFR would be used to “track, control, and subjugate an already disfavored group.” The commenter remarked that Form G-325R would require registrants to provide extensive personal information, including contact details, addresses for the past 5 years, biographic information, ( printed page 39302) and details about their family and activities. The commenter added that this level of detail is seen as “overly intrusive and designed to enhance government surveillance capabilities.” A commenter stated that past breaches of government databases make the centralization of personal information concerning without stronger protections or public awareness.
Commenters discussed the consequences of potential security breaches and data misuse, including identify theft, improper data sharing, and potential misuse by law enforcement agencies, including racial profiling and civil rights violations. A commenter expressed particular concern that the rule would require immigrants to turn over personal information to the government without due process or concern for privacy or confidentiality, while another expressed concern about a lack of due process before personal information would be shared with ICE.
A commenter said that, unlike programs such as DACA, in this registration process “the government makes no promises that the data collected through this process will not be used for enforcement purposes.” A commenter suggested that DHS include a provision in the IFR to restrict the use of registrants' information for immigration enforcement purposes. The commenter reasoned that reasonable policy governing the use of this information would mitigate fears that individuals required to register might face referral to removal proceedings and deportation. The commenter further suggested that DHS propose an information usage policy that protects registrants' information from disclosure to ICE for immigration enforcement, except in cases of fraud, national security, criminal offenses, and public safety.
Commenters noted that the Form G-325R cited systems of record notices and privacy impact assessments (PIAs) related to Computer Linked Application Information Management System 3, ELIS system, and the Benefit Request Intake Process. The commenter further noted that each PIA highlighted privacy risks due to over-collection of information, violating the Privacy Act's data minimization requirements. However, the commenter added that DHS claimed these risks were mitigated through negotiation and approval by OMB during PRA information collection reviews. Similarly, a commenter urged DHS to publish a PIA in order to specify data access limitations and guarantee that registrants' information would not be shared with ICE or law enforcement without due process.
Another commenter stated that Form G-325R solicited more information than what is outlined in section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a), raising privacy concerns. The commenter remarked that the Data Quality Act helps ensure the accuracy of information that the government disseminates but does not address privacy issues. The commenter further remarked that government surveillance based on ethnic classification and citizenship status raises constitutional issues, and the IFR lacks transparency and consent mechanisms for data use.
Response: The information requested on Form G-325R includes the information required under section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a), including the date and place of entry of the alien into the United States, activities in which the alien has been and intends to be engaged, the length of time the alien expects to remain in the United States, the police and criminal record of the alien, if any, and any additional matter as may be prescribed by the Secretary. The questions on Form G-325R are also used for identity verification purposes, similar to other applications and petitions that require the collection of information by USCIS.
The submissions provided by alien registrants on a Form G-325R will be collected, protected, and stored through ELIS.[64] The information provided is contained and safeguarded within established databases similarly to the other form types collected by USCIS. DHS notes that the information collected through Form G-325R is stored in ELIS, and that our partners at CBP and ICE have long had read-only access to USCIS systems, including but not limited to ELIS.
DHS declines the commenters' suggestions to add a provision to the IFR and publish a PIA to limit data access and restrict the use of alien registrants' information for immigration enforcement purposes. Under section 264(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(b), all registration and fingerprint records “shall be confidential, and shall be made available only”: (1) pursuant to section 287(f)(2) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1357(f)(2) ( i.e., the provision cited by the commenter); and (2) to such persons or agencies as may be designated by the Secretary.[65] The statute does not direct USCIS alone to register aliens and prescribe registration forms, or to hold alien registration records confidential. The statute vests these authorities in the Secretary, in whom all authorities of USCIS, ICE, and other DHS components are vested.[66] As mentioned previously in this preamble, it would make little sense to interpret the confidentiality provision to require the Secretary to hold alien registration information confidential as against ICE and CBP, particularly in light of the Secretary's plenary authority to make alien registration and fingerprint records available “to such persons or agencies” as he may designate. In any event, the IFR did not change DHS practices related to the maintenance, collection, and use of the information, including alien registration information; such information was available to ICE and CBP before the IFR under existing DHS information sharing policy,[67] and many aliens who provide information to comply with the alien registration requirements are not covered by the Privacy Act of 1974, by law or policy.[68]
b. Privacy Concerns Related to Survivors
Comment: Several commenters expressed concern that the IFR would negatively impact survivors of domestic abuse and human trafficking because the rule fails to provide sufficient data security protections. A commenter remarked that DHS does not provide clear information regarding the privacy ( printed page 39303) impact of the IFR, making it difficult for individuals to understand how their information would be used and shared in compliance with existing law. The commenter expressed concern that the lack of clarity affects those protected under 8 U.S.C. 1367, DACA recipients, and survivors of violence and abuse, who may now need to disclose personal information without assured confidentiality and privacy protections.
Multiple other commenters expressed concern that the IFR does not outline how the registration process would comply with 8 U.S.C. 1367, in which Congress codified special privacy and confidentiality protections for survivors of domestic violence, human trafficking, and other serious crimes to prevent abusers and traffickers from weaponizing the immigration system against their victims. One of these commenters stated that privacy and confidentiality are crucial for the safety and healing of sexual assault survivors and survivors often face significant barriers to seeking help due to fears about their information being misused. The commenter urged DHS provide clear, trauma-informed guidance on how it would comply with all statutory privacy and confidentiality protections to ensure survivors' safety and trust. A couple of the other commenters similarly urged DHS to provide clear information on privacy impacts to ensure individuals understand how their data would be used and shared in compliance with existing laws.
Other commenters added that the rule's silence on confidentiality protections would deter survivors of crimes from coming forward to pursue visas and status. The commenters stated that the DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL) has the authority to provide guidance and oversight on DHS's implementation of 8 U.S.C. 1367 confidentiality provisions. However, with recent staff dismissals at CRCL, survivors have no recourse if their information is shared in violation of these protections.
A commenter stated that mandatory registration, including of current addresses, posed a threat to the right to privacy, and that the threat was “exacerbated by the IFR's imprecise placement of the new registration system including the Form G-325R within legal obligations imposed by the Privacy Act of 1974.” The commenter stated that “[i]nadequate proposed privacy protections for this information—particularly stringent residence registration requirements—is not only troublesome in the abstract but poses real potential considerations for the safety of both minors and survivors of domestic abuse.” The commenter stated that DHS must provide adequate privacy protections, including clear statutory restrictions on how information provided on the Form G-325R must be provided before the IFR can be safely implemented.
Other commenters stated leaving an abusive relationship is often the most dangerous time for survivors, and many rely on address confidentiality programs to stay safe. Another commenter also expressed concern that the IFR does not adequately explain how individuals can use safe addresses or ensure confidentiality of their physical location from abusers, and does not address confidentiality protections provided for at 8 U.S.C. 1367.
Response: The IFR and this rule filled the gaps in the regulatory regime by prescribing an available registration form, in addition to other forms already available to individuals, that may be used to comply with the statutory registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. This rulemaking does not change the current DHS procedures or USCIS practice of the maintenance, collection and use of information, to include the statutory confidentiality protections, provided for in 8 U.S.C. 1367, affording protections pertaining to certain aliens who are eligible for and recipients of victim-based immigration relief (specifically, VAWA self-petitioners as well as applicants and petitioners for, and recipients of, T and U nonimmigrant status (protected person)).
This rule also does not change procedures, practices or requirements of DHS agencies to protect against the unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information that it collects, disseminates, uses, or maintains in accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974. See DHS Privacy Notice and documents cited therein on Form G-325R Instructions and in applicable system of records notices (SORNs) at https://www.dhs.gov/​system-records-notices-sorns. Moreover, CRCL continues to perform its statutory functions and to review complaints under 8 U.S.C. 1367.
Form G-325R both requires the provision of a physical address and allows aliens to provide a safe address. As with all USCIS forms in which an alien may provide a safe address, if USCIS contacts the alien through the mail it will use the safe address that he or she provides. However, the G-325R process is entirely electronic at this time. All notices sent from USCIS to an alien are uploaded to the alien's USCIS online account. None of the notices correlating to a Form G-325R are issued via mail. Therefore, not only may aliens provide a safe address, consistent with longstanding USCIS practice, USCIS does not at this time send any documents through the mail in connection with Form G-325R.
2. Implementation Timeline
Comment: A commenter requested clarification regarding the registration period and whether the period would be long enough to allow for registration. A commenter stated that the IFR “does not provide a process for what to do but goes into effect in 3 days” from the date of their comment.
Some commenters expressed similar concern that the IFR would not provide a clear and appropriate timeframe to facilitate compliance. One commenter stated that the registration form was first published to the USCIS website on February 25, 2025, where it directed the public to apply before the IFR was drafted.
Similarly, a commenter stated that because statutory alien registration requirements have not been enforced in decades, “many if not most affected individuals are already in violation of the statute.” The commenter further remarked that “even if they register on April 11, the day the requirements go into effect, noncitizens have no control over how soon fingerprinting will be completed. Essentially, there appears to be nothing to prevent DHS from initiating roundups of noncitizens on April 11 based on non-compliance, even though these individuals would not have had an opportunity to comply.” The commenter added that DHS has not provided sufficient notice to the affected public to facilitate compliance with the IFR.
Response: DHS disagrees that the IFR “does not provide a process for what to do.” The IFR designated the G-325R and explained the registration process. 90 FR 11793, 11795-96 (Mar. 12, 2025). USCIS also established a dedicated website with information on the Alien Registration Requirement (ARR) and an ARR Tool that help aliens determine if they must register.[69] The tool poses a series of questions to aliens and based on an alien's responses, may help an alien determine if they must register.
Regarding public notice, the IFR had an effective date of April 11, 2025, and thus provided at least 30 days for aliens to register prior to the rule's effective date. The IFR also advised the public of the enforcement priority pursuant to E.O. 14159, which itself was published ( printed page 39304) in the Federal Register in January 2025. See90 FR 11793 (Mar. 12, 2025); 90 FR 8443 (Jan. 29, 2025); see also DHS, Press Release, “Secretary Noem Reminds Foreign Nationals to Register under Longstanding Federal Law or Face Legal Penalties,” (Apr. 11, 2025), https://www.dhs.gov/​news/​2025/​04/​11/​secretary-noem-reminds-foreign-nationals-register-or-face-legal-penalties (advising aliens present without registration evidence as of April 11, 2025 to register immediately via USCIS).
3. Other Issues Related to the Rule
Comment: A commenter asked whether a new registration process for aliens who entered illegally could be considered an application for admission under the provisions of the IIRIRA. The commenter further questioned whether registrations should be linked to an application for admission, even if the registration occurs within the U.S. interior, rather than at a border or port of entry.
Response: With some exceptions, an alien who arrives at a port of entry and presents himself or herself for inspection is considered an applicant for admission.[70] Through the inspection process, a CBP officer at a port of entry determines whether the alien is admissible and may enter the United States under all applicable provisions of immigration laws. The registration requirements are separate provisions that provide no immigration status, and the registration documentation does not create an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law.
Comment: A commenter stated that the IFR provides criminal penalties and fines for “willful failure or refusal” to comply with the requirements of registration, but provides no notice to affected noncitizens on what qualifies as “willful.” The commenter stated that “this is an essential term that should be defined in the regulation before it becomes final and is effective on individuals.” The commenter stated that this lack of definition resulted in a lack of adequate notice and understanding of the criminal liabilities and therefore violated due process because individuals could not “guide their behavior accordingly.” The commenter noted that DHS has previously defined and provided examples of “willful” in other contexts involving merely civil (vice criminal) consequences for non-compliance, such as in the policy manual for inadmissibility due to willful misrepresentation in section 212(a)(6)(C) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(6)(C).
Response: The rule does not implement the current statutory regime, including the scheme related to the consequences of an alien's failure to register and the failure to carry evidence of registration pursuant to sections 265 and 266 of the INA, U.S.C. 1305 and 1306. Defining the phrase “willful failure” contained in section 266(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a) is outside the scope of this rulemaking. At any rate, the consequences for the failure to register also do not bear on an alien's duty to register in the first place. Therefore, DHS disagrees that “willful failure” is an essential phrase in the IFR, and that the lack of defining the phrase fails to give the individual adequate notice to guide his or her behavior accordingly, such that aliens cannot adequately understand or comply with the registration requirement. The alien has a statutory duty to register, irrespective of the consequences for the failure to register.
Comment: A commenter urged DHS to recognize that “families with over 20 years of residence who have consistently demonstrated loyalty and commitment to the American dream deserve to be spared from the full weight of these new registration and fingerprinting requirements.” In connection with this proposal, the commenter recommended that DHS engage with community leaders and civil liberties advocates to improve the IFR, ” so that it secures our nation without compromising the fundamental rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence.”
Response: DHS acknowledges the commenter's suggestions for DHS to distinguish between classes of aliens when determining whether they are subject to the registration requirement; however, DHS is tasked with faithfully implementing the law passed by Congress. When creating the registration requirement in section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, Congress did not create a separate category for such aliens, as is suggested by the commenter, and DHS cannot add such criteria. Also, although not obligated to do so under the APA, DHS has been engaging with the public by seeking public comments to improve the IFR for the community to provide the necessary input to improve the rule.
Comment: A commenter stated that from a public health and social services perspective, the rule would disrupt care, reduce service access, and deepen mistrust between immigrant communities and public institutions. The commenter urged DHS to delay implementation, provide a grace period, and fund multilingual outreach and legal assistance.
Response: DHS is tasked with faithfully implementing the law passed by Congress. Congress has already instructed DHS to implement the statute, and the President has assigned a high priority to implementation. As such, DHS declines to further delay implementation and provide a further grace period. In addition to the rulemaking actions to publicize information on the alien registration requirement, USCIS established a dedicated website with information on the Alien Registration Requirement (ARR) and an ARR Tool that may help aliens determine whether they must register.
H. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
1. Administrative Procedure Act
a. Procedural Concerns Regarding the Administrative Procedure Act
Comment: Numerous commenters stated that the IFR violates the APA by bypassing the notice-and-comment rulemaking process and indicated that DHS should withdraw the rule and go through notice and comment rulemaking. Some commenters stated that the IFR violated the APA because DHS failed to show why it was in the public interest to implement this rule immediately. Others stated that because failure to comply would be treated as a civil and criminal enforcement priority, which—contrary to DHS's assertions—constitutes a substantive value judgment, the rule was not procedural in nature. Some wrote that the IFR was creating new registration obligations with criminal penalties and thus, should have been classified as a “legislative” or “substantive” rule requiring full APA compliance. Some commenters expressed general concerns for inadequate procedural protections through the rule's lack of prior notice and comment and said DHS should therefore engage in a full notice-and comment rulemaking process. A commenter said that DHS's failure to update outdated form names, such as Form I-590, “Registration for Classification as Refugee,” in the IFR demonstrates that DHS has failed to consider important aspects of the problems and has not articulated a reasoned explanation for the decision to issue the IFR as drafted.
Many commenters indicated that the IFR impacts millions of people, and for the first time in eight decades, DHS was imposing new registration requirements with potential criminal penalties, including imprisonment and fines. ( printed page 39305) Therefore, they stated, DHS's claim that the IFR would merely add another compliance method without altering rights or interests was inaccurate, and proper notice and an appropriate opportunity for comment should have been provided. Several commenters stated that the imposition of a universal alien registration requirement fundamentally alters the individual rights and interests of a significant number of “noncitizens” and citizens.
A commenter characterized the IFR as a “substantive rule in a procedural mask,” remarking that historical interpretations contradict DHS's claim that the IFR is procedural, as many of the registration requirements were previously contained in subpart A to 8 CFR part 264, which was titled “Substantive Provisions.” A commenter wrote that the IFR violates the APA because it “revives a comprehensive registration scheme that neither the Executive nor Congress has seen fit to implement in 75 years and affects the substantive rights of millions of people.”
Several commenters referenced specific decisions by the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals to support their position. Multiple commenters remarked that if a rule “affects the public to a degree sufficient to implicate the policy interests animating notice-and-comment rulemaking,” it is not procedural. Similarly, a commenter noted that courts have found that even when a Federal agency has deemed protocols to be “procedural,” if the change substantively affects the public to a degree sufficient to implicate the policy interests animating notice-and-comment rulemaking, the rule has “the hallmark of a substantive rule” and is not entitled to the APA's exception for procedural rules. Citing Mendoza v. Perez, this commenter also wrote that when agencies impose supplementary strict and specific obligations to implement a broad statutory command, rather than merely reminding parties of preexisting duties under a statute, courts have deemed these actions not to be interpretative rules.
A commenter stated that the procedural rule exception is a “ `narrow procedural exemption'. . . [and that] [w]ith this IFR, USCIS cannot show that the `default assumptions of the APA [that a rule is substantive] have been properly displaced' because the IFR is directed at internal processes.” Another commenter stated that the IFR, while impacting DHS's operations, also has direct, substantive impacts on newly regulated parties, which they said dilute the IFR's procedural nature. A commenter stated that the IFR satisfies at least two elements used by courts to determine whether a rule is legislative: it provides the basis for enforcement actions and explicitly invokes rulemaking authority.[71]
A commenter stated that the NSEERS went through the public notice-and-comment process under the APA before being finalized in August 2002. Commenters reasoned that, instead of an IFR, an NPRM would have enabled stakeholders and the public to weigh in and help DHS avoid arbitrary, capricious, and unduly burdensome questions from being implemented.
Response: DHS disagrees with the commenters' characterization of the IFR as a rule subject to notice and public procedures under the APA as a substantive or legislative rule. DHS explains below why the IFR was a procedural rule. At the outset, however, DHS notes that it has now considered all comments received on the IFR and responded to them in this preamble, thereby providing the notice and comment that commenters sought.
The APA generally requires agencies to publish notice of a proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register and allow for a period of public comment. See5 U.S.C. 553(b). However, the APA provides for specific exemptions from the notice and public procedure requirement, including an exemption for rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice ( i.e., procedural rules), or when the agency for good cause finds that notice and public procedure are impracticable, unnecessary or contrary to the public interest. See5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A), (B). Invoking any one of the exceptions is sufficient to bypass the advance notice and comment process. Thus, DHS was not required to show when invoking the procedural rule exemption that it was in the public interest to implement the rule immediately within the meaning of the APA, although DHS certainly believes that implementing the law faithfully for the protection of the public, as addressed in E.O. 14159, is always in public interest.
The IFR is a procedural rule under the terms of the statute and under D.C. Circuit case law. First, under the terms of the statute, which applies to “rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice,” the IFR is plainly procedural: the IFR designates a procedure for aliens to fulfill their separate substantive obligation, under the statute, to apply to register and be fingerprinted.
Second, in the D.C. Circuit, a procedural rule is one that is “primarily directed toward improving the efficient and effective operations of an agency.” AFL-CIO v. NLRB, 57 F.4th 1023, 1034 (D.C. Cir. 2023) (cleaned up). Under this case law, a critical feature of the procedural rule exception is that it covers agency action that does not alter the rights and interests of parties, although it may alter the manner in which the parties present themselves or their viewpoints to the agency. See id.; see also JEM Broad. Co., Inc. v. FCC, 22 F.3d 320, 326 (D.C. Cir. 1994) (quoting Batterton v. Marshall, 648 F.2d 694, 707 (D.C. Cir. 1980)). Additionally, although a procedural rule generally may not “encode[ ] a substantive value judgment or put[ ] a stamp of approval or disapproval on a given type of behavior,” Am. Hosp. Ass'n v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 1037, 1047 (D.C. Cir. 1987), “the fact that the agency's decision was based on a value judgement about procedural efficiency does not convert the resulting rule into a substantive one,” James V. Hurson Assocs. v. Glickman, 229 F.3d 277, 282 (D.C. Cir. 2000).
As explained in the IFR, DHS merely filled the gaps in the regulatory regime by prescribing another available registration form, in addition to other forms already available to aliens, that may be used to comply with the statutory registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. By prescribing a form in regulation that satisfies the registration requirement under 8 CFR 264.1(a) and evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b), the agency neither altered any existing legal duty to register nor the legal consequences resulting from a failure to comply with the requirement—to the contrary, the legal duty and obligation was imposed by Congress and has existed for over 80 years. For years, DHS and the former INS have prescribed registration forms in the regulations at 8 CFR part 264.[72]
Adding to the regulations another means for registration did not encode any value judgement about an individual's conduct—it merely provided a process for DHS to ( printed page 39306) efficiently register millions of unregistered aliens consistent with statutory requirements. See90 FR 11795 through 11797 (Mar. 12, 2025). Congress, not DHS, encoded the value judgement when prescribing registration obligations, as well as civil and criminal consequences for the failure to comply will result in civil and criminal enforcement. See INA sec. 266(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306(a).
Furthermore, how many individuals are affected, or how extensive the impact is, is not determinative when assessing whether a rule is a procedural rule. See Glickman, 229 F.3d at 281 (“But even if the U.S. Department of Agriculture's elimination of face-to-face did impose a substantial burden on food processors, that burden would not convert the rule into a substantive one.”). Because the IFR merely improved existing agency processes by making available an additional method to register regardless of an alien's individual status, the IFR was primarily directed toward the manner by which the alien presents himself or herself to the agency and as such was a procedural rule. See Glickman, 229 F.3d at 280; see also Elec. Priv. Info. Ctr. (EPIC) v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 653 F.3d 1, 5 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (even “a rule with a `substantial impact' upon the persons subject to it is not necessarily a substantive rule”); Lamoille Valley R. Co. v. ICC, 711 F.2d 295, 328 (D.C. Cir. 1983) (holding that an order changing the schedule for an adjudication, including when parties were to submit briefing, was a procedural rule); Ranger v. FCC, 294 F.2d 240, 244 (D.C. Cir. 1961) (while holding that a rule was procedural, noting that “no substantive rights were actually involved by the regulation itself” even if “failure to observe it might cause the loss of substantive rights”).
Moreover, this is not a procedural rule in which notice and comment are needed to safeguard the policies underlying the APA's notice and comment requirements.[73] Section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, is clear—it unequivocally imposes a duty on aliens present in the United States of more than 30 days to register. It follows that, a rule prescribing a form that individuals may use to comply with the statutory obligations is not a substantive rule.
It is not the first time that DHS, or its predecessor, has invoked the procedural rule exception to bypass notice-and-comment procedure under the APA when amending 8 CFR 264.1 in a similar manner. For example, in 1960, DOJ added the Form I-590, Registration for Classification as a Refugee—Escapee to 8 CFR 264.1(a) without engaging in notice-and-comment procedures.[74] In 1970, DOJ added Form I-485A, Application by Cuban Refugee for Permanent Residence.[75] Adding Form G-325R is not materially different from these past efforts, and the use of the procedural rule exception is well documented. DHS acknowledges that for purposes of NSEERS, the agency went through the public notice and comment process before finalizing the rule. See67 FR 40581 (June 13, 2002) (NPRM); 67 FR 52584 (Aug. 12, 2002) (final rule). Unlike NSEERS, which established criteria for the special population being addressed, the IFR and this final rule merely identify a new registration form and evidence of registration. Even if the rules were similar, DHS notes as a general matter that a previous decision on how to approach a rulemaking does not obligate DHS to proceed in the same manner in a future rulemaking; prior approaches do not attach any weight to an agency's varied approaches in similar rules.[76] At any rate, DHS has provided an opportunity to comment on the IFR and has considered and responded to those comments.
b. The Good Cause and Foreign Affairs Exceptions to the Administrative Procedure Act
Comment: A commenter expressed concern that the IFR violated the APA by failing to provide adequate notice and comment, noting that DHS's “good cause” claim was unjustified as no emergency existed to bypass public input. Two commenters stated that DHS failed to demonstrate “good cause” for bypassing notice-and-comment procedures, and therefore, the IFR must be subjected to pre-enforcement notice-and-comment to be valid.
While remarking on the foreign affairs exception, the commenter noted that on March 14, 2025, Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued a determination published in the Federal Register asserting that immigration policies constitute foreign affairs functions of the United States and are therefore exempt from the APA's notice-and-comment requirements. The commenter further noted section 553(a) of the APA that exempts certain rulemaking from notice-and-comment requirements when the rule involves a foreign affairs function of the United States. However, the commenter reasoned that the foreign affairs exception is not justified for an immigration rule because the government was not able to show that adhering to notice-and-comment procedures “will provoke definitely undesirable international consequences.” The commenter remarked that the IFR would impact millions of individuals residing within U.S. borders and would have had little impact, if any, on foreign relations. As such, the rule could not be insulated from judicial review or public accountability on the basis of the foreign affairs exception.
Response: DHS issued the IFR without prior notice and an opportunity to comment under the procedural rule exception under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). Although DHS believes that the rule could meet the foreign affairs exemption pursuant to State's determination, DHS did not invoke the foreign affairs exemption under 5 U.S.C. 553(a). DHS did also not invoke the good cause exception under 5 U.S.C. 553(b). Therefore, these comments are out of scope.
c. Assertions That the Rule Is Arbitrary and Capricious
Comment: Multiple commenters expressed concern that the IFR is arbitrary and capricious under the APA. ( printed page 39307) A commenter wrote that “the rule is so vague, contradictory, inconsistent, irrational, and poorly drafted that it is arbitrary and capricious.” Another commenter said DHS failed to provide a reasoned explanation for its decision or consider reasonable alternatives. Another commenter stated that when an agency changes course, it “must be cognizant that longstanding policies may have engendered serious reliance interests that must be taken into account,” and failure to do so is arbitrary and capricious. The commenter added that DHS failed to consider several important aspects of the problems inherent in forced immigrant registries, including the dark history associated with forcing disfavored minority groups to register with the government, the prevalence of racial profiling, the impact on U.S. citizens of color, Fifth Amendment concerns about self-incrimination, and the true administrative burdens of a coercive immigrant registry.
Similarly, a union added that the IFR is arbitrary and capricious because it lacked a credible explanation for departing from longstanding agency practice and failed to consider its constitutional implications, impact on freedom of association, labor rights enforcement, workplace standards, DHS resources; and other ramifications for “noncitizens”. A commenter wrote that the IFR is “arbitrary, capricious, [or] an abuse of discretion” and thus prohibited under the APA, 5 U.S.C. 706(2)(A). The commenter added that this is because DHS departed from longstanding policy without articulating a reasoned explanation for doing so, did not take central aspects of the problems created into account, and failed to consider reasonable alternatives. They also wrote that the rule is not in response to wartime threat nor national security, and thus also “arbitrary.” A commenter said that the IFR is arbitrary and capricious due to DHS's failure to account for the difficulties and risks faced by survivors and applicants of humanitarian relief in complying with this rule.
Response: DHS disagrees that the rulemaking lacked explanation or is arbitrary and capricious. The IFR was promulgated to provide an additional registration pathway for aliens required to register under the existing statutory framework prescribed in sections 261 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306. See90 FR 11793, 11795. Section 7 of E.O. 14159 directs the Secretary of Homeland Security, among other things, to ensure that all previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with the registration requirement. See90 FR 11793, 11795. In the IFR, DHS clearly outlined why it is appropriate to designate Form G-325R as a general registration form to improve the registration outcome for certain groups of aliens, consistent with the E.O. See90 FR 11793,11795 (Mar. 12, 2025). The rule is reasonably related to its stated objectives and is not arbitrary and capricious.[77]
d. Reliance Interests
Comment: Some commenters addressed the issue of reliance interests, expressing concern that the IFR would disrupt the expectations and dependencies that individuals have developed based on existing immigration policies. For example, a commenter stated that by forgoing notice-and-comment rulemaking, DHS ignored the reliance interests of the public. The commenter added that the affected community is not accustomed to registering, as it has never been required before, and now millions would need to comply with a new registration requirement. The commenter stated that when a prior policy has engendered serious reliance interests, a government agency must provide a detailed explanation for changes. Sudden shifts, especially with criminal penalty implications, require sustained outreach to all stakeholders, not a surprise announcement. Similarly, a commenter stated that, in issuing the IFR, DHS has ignored the settled expectations and reliance interests of millions of people who have not had an obligation to register with the Federal Government.
Response: DHS disagrees that DHS failed to consider reliance interests of applicants and that the obligation to register comes as a surprise announcement. The existing statutory registration requirement is over 80 years old and since 1952, has been incorporated by Congress into the INA, as amended. The longstanding statutory requirements appear, it is current form, at sections 261 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306. Over time, administrations prescribed the forms through which aliens could comply with the statutory requirement at 8 CFR 264.1. DHS did not change the scope of the statutory requirement; DHS merely provided aliens with another means to efficiently comply with the registration requirement.
Even if the government failed to capture the group of aliens in the past, whose registration outcome is improved through this rule by adding an additional means to register, DHS does not believe that these aliens have a significant and legitimate reliance interest in the government's failure to enforce the law. It is the duty of the Executive, under Article II of the U.S. Constitution, to faithfully execute the law.[78] Nevertheless, the agency considered the affected population, as well as the costs and time burden to the affected population. See90 FR 11793,11797 (Mar. 12, 2025). DHS currently provides the registration service free of charge and it will not, at this time, charge a biometric services fee.
DHS also carefully considered the benefits of the registration rule, including the improved DHS law enforcement efficacy and the significant public safety aspects (such as that an increase in compliance with the fingerprinting requirement would provide DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record). See90 FR 11793, 11797 through 11798 (Mar. 12, 2025). While the obligation to register is outside of this rule's purview as it is set by law, DHS clearly provided reasonable explanations for prescribing an additional form and the continued implementation of this important congressional mandate, as recognized by the President in E.O. 14159, clearly outweighed the interests of aliens required to register. See90 FR, 11793, 11797 through 11798 (Mar. 12, 2025).
e. Length of Comment Period
Comment: Numerous commenters remarked that the 30-day comment period is not long enough to “meaningfully comment” on such a significant policy change. A commenter referenced a decision of the U.S. Court ( printed page 39308) of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, which established that Government agencies must afford “interested persons a reasonable and meaningful opportunity to participate in the rulemaking process.” A commenter expressed concern that 30 days is insufficient time for the public to comment on a significant change to immigration law. A commenter stated that the truncated 30-day comment period was particularly problematic since they had to dedicate resources to educating the immigrant community about the IFR. Other commenters remarked that the due date for comments on the IFR was April 11, 2025, the same day the rule becomes operational, creating the perception that public comments would not be meaningfully considered. Another commenter recommended that DHS not “fast-track” the IFR and instead consider every public comment thoughtfully and carefully.
Numerous commenters recommended that the Department either rescind the IFR, reissue it with a longer comment period, or both, and suggested the new comment period be at least 60 days. A commenter stated that E.O. 12866 specifies that rulemaking “in most cases should include a comment period of not less than 60 days,” and E.O. 13563 states that agencies should provide “a comment period that should generally be at least 60 days.” A commenter requested that the comment period be extended to 60 days as provided by previous E.O.s. A commenter urged DHS to withdraw the IFR and instead publish a proposed rule that fully complies with the requirements of the APA, including a 60-day period for public comments.
The same commenter remarked that if DHS had given the proper notice and published the rule as an NPRM, they would have been able to submit a more comprehensive comment to the rule.
Response: DHS disagrees that the public was not provided with a reasonable and sufficient comment period. Adding Form G-325R to the regulation as an additional means to register is a procedural rule, not subject to the notice-and-comment requirement under 5 U.S.C. 553(b) and (c). Therefore, DHS was under no obligation to provide a notice-and-comment period. Nevertheless, DHS provided a 30-day period for post-promulgation comment and public input. The APA does not specify a minimum comment period. On January 20, 2025, the President issued E.O. 14159, which put the public on notice that alien registration requirements would be a priority of the current Administration. See90 FR 8443 (Jan. 29, 2025). In addition, the IFR itself was posted for public inspection on March 7, 2025. 90 FR 11793, 11800 (Mar. 12, 2025). Commenters therefore had 47 days from the date of the E.O. until they first had access to the IFR in order to familiarize themselves with the existing statute and regulations, and 36 days from the date of public inspection until the comment deadline to submit their comments on the NPRM. And the secondary comment period for purposes of the information collection closed on May 12, 2025, 67 days after the IFR was posted for public inspection. DHS believes that this was a reasonable time period given the clarity of the statute and straightforward purpose of the IFR.
f. Other Comments Related to the Administrative Procedure Act
Comment: A commenter remarked that anonymous comments should not be considered valid, questioning the right of individuals to demand others' personal information if they are unwilling to provide their own. On the other hand, a commenter expressed concern about submitting their comment with their name attached due to potential retaliatory actions by the Administration against opponents. A commenter urged DHS to ignore comments from United We Dream.
Response: As outlined in the IFR, DHS welcomes and considers any and all comments submitted in accordance with the instructions provided in the IFR.
2. Regulatory Impact Analysis, Costs, and Benefits (E.O. 12866 and E.O. 13563)
a. Underestimated and Insufficiently Assessed Costs to Federal Government
Underestimated or Insufficiently Addressed Costs
Comment: Many commenters objected that DHS has underestimated and insufficiently assessed the costs of processing Form G-325R and associated biometrics. A few commenters specifically voiced concern that processing millions of new registrations and biometrics would require a substantial allocation of DHS resources and that the estimated $30 cost per applicant for biometric services, while seemingly small, would amount to a significant expense when multiplied by millions of individuals. Several commenters acknowledged that, while the IFR provides a limited assessment of biometrics processing costs, it makes no mention of the cost implications of adding an entirely new form to be used by potentially millions of “noncitizens”. A few commenters, wrote that the Department did not adequately identify and assess administrative costs, writing that the cost discussion of biometrics processing was insufficient and there was no discussion of needed personnel, materials, and overhead costs. A commenter described the estimated $10 million annual financial cost of the NSEERS program in the first years of its use as an instructive example due to wastefulness. One commenter expressed concern that DHS did not provide clarity around how it would manage the “massive” influx of registrations. A commenter stated that the rule would cost approximately $72 million to advance what they characterized as an “unnecessary scheme.” One commenter stated that the IFR “omits any reference” to the OMB Supporting Statement for Form G-325R and its estimated $71,960,000 in government costs related to the form.
Response: The analysis provided in the IFR addressed the direct effects of increased compliance as a result of the rule, including the PRA estimates on the opportunity cost of the collection of information, recognizing the rule did not impose any new obligations for registration, insofar as such obligations have long been contained in the INA. The unit costs are discussed in this final rule related to submitting forms and the burden to the Agency related to biometrics as well as the opportunity cost of time for aliens to complete Form G-325R.
As mentioned previously in this preamble, DHS has determined that it will not impose a biometric services fee for registration applicants as part of this final rule. DHS also notes that USCIS has not generally seen any significant delays or inefficiencies in biometric collection services. As part of the upcoming USCIS fee schedule rulemaking, USCIS will reassess its needs and determine whether more resources are necessary to address processing Form G-325R and whether that justifies a change in the related fee.
Assessment of Enforcement Costs
Comment: Many commenters stated that DHS failed to adequately assess the costs of enforcing the rule. Several of the commenters critiqued the statement in the IFR that any anticipated compliance-related costs are due to the statute rather than the rule itself. These commenters noted that implementation and enforcement of the rule would require civil and criminal law enforcement efforts, which contemplates significant costs, including personnel, training, and materials. A commenter similarly remarked that the IFR simply states that the costs are “inherent to compliance ( printed page 39309) with the statute and are not a result of this rule,” which they characterized as intentionally vague and not explaining the true economic costs. A commenter wrote that the “amorphous nature of `self-deportation' contemplated in the IFR” would incur costs and resource needs not considered within the IFR. A commenter criticized the lack of discussion of the burden of “prioritized” registration violation cases.
Similarly, a commenter stated that the IFR fails to provide any calculation or comparison of the claimed “improved DHS law enforcement efficacy,” with the inherently increased costs of Federal immigration enforcement and local law enforcement in enforcing this new scheme and its criminal penalties across the country.
Response: The rule does not require DHS to undertake additional enforcement of the existing statute. The purpose is to improve the registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens to ensure that all previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with the statutory requirements in sections 261 through 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306. The rule allows those aliens that have not registered through other pathways to register using Form G-325R. E.O. 14159 directs DHS, in coordination with DOJ and State, to ensure that failure to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA is treated as a civil and criminal enforcement priority.
Unconsidered Costs to DOJ
Comment: A few commenters criticized the IFR for not addressing associated costs to DOJ, which would be tasked with enforcing the Federal criminal statutory penalties and adjudicating removal processes for “noncitizens” charged with such through information discovered in the registration process.
Response: The enforcement of related statutory provisions and the costs associated with them for DOJ are separate from this rulemaking. DHS has considered the possibility that this rule, perhaps in combination with other policies, could have some of the indirect effects as raised by commenters, however, we do not have sufficient information to quantify these effects. DHS believes that DOJ costs are outside the scope of this rulemaking.
b. Assessment of Affected Population and Costs
Comment: Several commenters remarked on the rule's discussion of the affected population and costs to those who would use the general registration form designated under the rule. The commenters stated that the IFR's analysis of the affected population appears to significantly underestimate the associated costs. A couple of other commenters wrote that the estimated impact of the IFR to 2.2 million to 3.2 million individuals would place a significant logistical burden both on individuals and DHS. The commenters added that, while the G-325R form is currently free, the time needed to complete the form, the travel time, and the time spent at an ASC are all costs that would be borne by the affected population. Commenters stated that the confusion created by the IFR generates an increase in demand for immigration legal consultations from individuals seeking legal advice on how this IFR impacts them, whether they need to register, or whether they already have, with a commenter writing that legal consultations and legal research by attorneys can cost significant amounts of money. Another commenter noted that between legal aid, biometric filing fees, and re-filings to correct errors or report relocation, the IFR might impose direct and indirect costs upon the “noncitizen” population exceeding tens of millions of dollars. Similarly, a commenter wrote that the IFR does not mention or analyze “easily foreseeable costs” to individuals, “pretending” that the cost of the IFR and corollary criminal statutes would be limited to increased biometric procedures.
A commenter, citing requirements under E.O.s 12866 and 13563 and providing detailed remarks on the rule, said DHS did not fully assess the costs of the rule, while overestimating its benefits. The commenter stated that DHS estimates the rule would impact between 2.2 million and 3.2 million people, most of whom are living in the United States without lawful status but are otherwise law-abiding and contributing members of their communities that do not pose a public safety threat. Specifically, the commenter cited Office of Homeland Security Statistics (OHSS), which found that, in April 2024, 79 percent of unauthorized aliens in the United States had lived in the country for more than 15 years, reasoning that these individuals are long-term, contributing residents who are not criminals or public safety threats. While critiquing DHS's cost estimates, the commenter discussed practical challenges for registrants, including the time required to complete forms and travel to ASCs for biometric collection, reasoning that some individuals would need to travel significant distances to reach the closest ASC, as some States have only one center. The commenter mentioned, for example, Georgia, Kentucky, and New Mexico as states with only one ASC, which the commenter said would require hours of travel for many registrants. The commenter also noted that in Hawaii, which has only one ASC in Honolulu, registrants from other islands would need to purchase flights to attend appointments, potentially facing complications due to REAL ID requirements. Furthermore, the commenter stated that DHS failed to acknowledge additional costs incurred as part of traveling to an ASC, including taking time off work, finding childcare, purchasing meals, and other burdens that may arise in the process. They concluded that these costs were not adequately considered in DHS's assessment.
A commenter expressed a need to consider costs to “noncitizens” with language barriers such as limited English proficiency, writing that the additional time, effort, and translation needed to successfully support these individuals to compliance with the registration requirement were not considered in the IFR. The commenter stated that the IFR does not account for translation of Form G-325R, biographical information, or the rule itself. A commenter noted without further explanation that the IFR would make “undocumented” persons choose between registering, being searched for and removed, or not registering, being fined and imprisoned, and then being removed.
Response: The requirement to register is not new; such costs have long been inherent in the alien registration requirements of the INA. The IFR did acknowledge there is a burden associated with registration, and the burden was estimated in the supporting statement of the PRA. The analysis also includes a discussion of the paperwork burden such as, the burden to submit forms, and to submit biometrics, which includes average travel costs to an ASC. This methodology is used across multiple USCIS rules and accounts for those individuals that would travel long distances and those who would make a short trip. See78 FR 535 (Jan. 3, 2013). These burdens also include the opportunity cost of time the registrant incurs during this period. See section VI.B.3 of this preamble. DHS has considered the possibility that this rule, perhaps in combination with other policies, could have some of the indirect effects as raised by commenters, however, we do not have sufficient information to quantify these effects. ( printed page 39310)
c. Unconsidered Costs to State and Local Governments
Comment: Several commenters stated that the rule fails to assess costs to U.S. communities, including State and local governments, for implementation and enforcement of civil and criminal penalties. A few commenters wrote that State and local governments would likely incur increased costs from defending against litigation as people sue State and local police for unlawful discrimination arising from the racial profiling inherent in the enforcement of the carry requirement. A commenter wrote that if DHS shifts the priority of USCIS to register millions of people, it would create further backlogs and would financially impact states like New York, where many migrants have made a home and are seeking asylum and work authorization. Another commenter expressed concern that the IFR does not consider costs to State and local governments impacted by economies diminished by less participation from frightened immigrants.
Response: This rule implements a process for statutorily required registration of aliens in the United States who are not registered via other means. The rule is not intended to impose a burden on other governmental entities, and any such burden would be, at most, based on external factors not linked to this rule, or a consequence of other policies or activities that states have voluntarily pursued. Lawsuits arising from the hypothetical behavior of law enforcement or registrants would be a result of that behavior and not a direct result of complying with statutorily required registration. Other governmental and non-governmental entities are not required to reprioritize their behavior or distribution of their limited resources as a result of this rule.
d. Costs to the Economy
Comment: Commenters wrote that the IFR would cause harm to the national economy. Other commenters wrote that there would be impacts to local economies. Commenters raised concerns that the IFR would cause economic harm and wrote that the rule would cause economic loss for small businesses.
A couple of commenters wrote that immigrants contribute to the economy and pay taxes without receiving any benefits, with a different commenter saying that the vast majority of aliens are peaceful, upstanding, and hard workers who pay hundreds of billions of dollars in taxes annually. Another commenter warned that aliens may be discouraged from paying taxes if the Internal Revenue Service data could be used to investigate registration noncompliance; the commenter stated that aliens contributed over $50 billion in Federal taxes in 2023. Providing an additional example by a non-governmental organization, a commenter wrote that the National Academy of Sciences estimates that immigrants contribute more in tax revenue than they receive in Federal benefits, and that net benefits over a 75-year horizon exceed $326,000 for each immigrant and their descendants. Speaking to personal experience, a commenter described themself as a hardworking taxpayer and called for policies that recognize the contributions of millions who make the United States great. Other commenters agreed, writing that immigrants make America great.
A commenter wrote that the “policy” creates uncertainty among immigrant communities and negatively impacts U.S. citizens who are trying to hire competent workers. Employers may struggle to find qualified candidates if individuals lack work authorization documents or the necessary status for employment. A commenter stated that the economic implications of removing millions of people from the workforce would create a further strain on resources. Multiple commenters wrote that immigrants carry out many jobs that U.S. citizens will not. Another commenter wrote that the IFR fails to account for devastating social and economic costs to U.S. communities.
Different commenters were opposed to the government penalizing immigrants who contribute to the economy. A few commenters remarked that the rule would increase the chilling effect on immigrant workers and students afraid to go to work and school for fear of exposing themselves and their families to separation, detention, deportation, or criminalization. Commenters stated that this lack of participation would impact employers, businesses, and schools by shrinking local economies and making communities less stable. Citing research, the commenter described the chilling effect as “well documented” and likely to make the nation less stable. The commenter further wrote that the reduction in workforce engagement would stall vital infrastructural projects while simultaneously increasing labor costs.
Many commenters expressed concern that the IFR would lead to negative impacts to State economies, with one commenter writing that this administration “imperils” the economic benefits immigration has brought to the United States. Echoing concerns about impacts to State economies, a couple of commenters urged DHS to protect the United States from financial harm by not implementing the rule. More specifically, commenters emphasized economic disruptions to essential jobs, efforts to close labor shortages, and critical industries that depend on labor, such as construction, education, healthcare, childcare, households, agriculture, hospitality, mutual aid, infrastructure, labor unions, long term care, community organizers, and food processing, which could lead to higher business costs, difficulty for businesses to grow, reduced tax contributions, slow economic growth, economic instability, decrease in entrepreneurs, and reduced tourism. A commenter wrote that a lack of participation of alien communities would be followed by a decrease in the availability of businesses and services, with another commenter saying the significant new workload demands of this rule would harm workers, businesses, and the overall economy. Another commenter expressed that aliens contribute to States' population growth and tax revenue.
With specific regard to tourism, a commenter expressed concern about Canadian travelers who may be deterred from traveling to the United States, with another adding that the U.S. Travel Association estimates that even a 10 percent reduction in Canadian visitation could mean 2 million fewer visits, $2.1 billion lost in spending, and 14,000 job losses. With regard to annual spending, the commenter said that Canada is the largest international tourism market in the United States, with spending in excess of $20 billion, and in Florida, Canadians represent almost 40 percent of all foreign visitors to the State. According to a commenter, the Canadian government has updated its travel advisory for Canadians visiting the United States, and Canadian media has raised concerns about the “show-your-papers” impacts, which they said may lead to increased scrutiny and penalties for noncompliance and heavily impact tourism. Further, the commenter wrote that immigration, especially by Latinos, has driven all U.S. population growth from 2022 to 2023, and that immigrants are essential in key sectors and start more small businesses than U.S.-born citizens, aiding economic resilience. Restrictions on interstate movement could worsen economic impacts, and removing millions of immigrant workers would have significant economic consequences.
Emphasizing the deep integration of alien families into their own ( printed page 39311) community, a commenter wrote that their local economy depended on tourism and hospitality. They noted that many Latino immigrants contributed significantly to the local economy through employment in restaurants and hotels. A commenter said that asking for additional, mandatory registration documents from “noncitizens” would have a chilling effect on the U.S. tourist economy.
A couple of commenters discussed the economic impact of similar policies in the past. Specifically, they cited Arizona's SB 1070, with one of the commenters adding that between 2007 and 2016, the “undocumented” population dropped from 500,000 to 275,000, contributing to an annual 2-percent decline in the State's Gross Domestic Product between 2008 and 2015 and a 2.5-percent drop in its workforce. Commenters said that the requirement would harshly punish aliens who are contributing to and enriching communities.
A commenter stated that other countries do not implement similar registration policies and warned that maintaining this policy could damage the United States' relationship with allies. Expressing opposition, a commenter stated that “good” Americans would be alienated more than they already are by the resources spent “hunting down immigrants.”
While remarking on the cost analysis, a commenter expressed additional concern about broader potential cost impacts on employers, institutions, the economy, and communities throughout the United States. The commenter stated that the rule would lead to compliance costs for businesses whose employees or customers are required to register and submit biometrics. The commenter said that registrants would likely need to request time off work, including potential delays for key business functions and the diversion of resources to hire temporary replacements. The commenter also wrote that businesses whose customer base is impacted might suffer costs due to reduced spending power among registrants. The commenter additionally remarked that educational institutions, churches, and other organizations could be burdened with tracking updates to the registration requirement and providing advice to affected individuals. They suggested that costs could ripple throughout the U.S. economy and communities, particularly if registration information is used for immigration enforcement purposes.
Response: This rule does not directly regulate or impact businesses or other organizations, but rather it directly regulates individual aliens. As explained in the IFR,[79] DHS recognizes that there are costs to aliens to comply with the INA's alien registration provision. But, because this rule does not impose any new alien registration or biometrics obligation separate from those already contained in the INA, these costs are inherent to compliance with the statute by an alien and are not a direct result of this rule. Correspondingly, any broader potential indirect or secondary cost impacts on employers, businesses, institutions, the economy, communities, and persons throughout the United States would be a result of the policy choice made by Congress when requiring aliens who are in the United States to register. However, DHS has considered the possibility that this rule, perhaps in combination with other policies, could have some of the indirect effects described above. We do not have sufficient information to quantify these effects. The IFR's analysis assessed the impact associated with the implementation of a process for statutorily required registration by aliens in the United States who were not registered via other means, including the burden of travel and time to fill out the form.
e. Benefits Assessment
Comment: While responding to DHS's assessment of benefits of the IFR, a commenter expressed strong disagreement with DHS's statement that “access to more comprehensive registration data” for immigration enforcement purposes would constitute a benefit. The commenter said that removing hundreds of thousands or millions of “undocumented” individuals who are otherwise law-abiding and contributing members of communities would be disruptive to families, the economy, and society. The commenter added that this would create a chilling effect across immigrant communities and discourage immigrants without legal status—who they said pay almost $100 billion in Federal and State taxes annually—from interacting with any government agencies. The commenter concluded that DHS's assessment of the benefits from the registration obligation is “misguided” and, at best, “incomplete,” stating that DHS failed to acknowledge the disruption that would result from a significant increase in arrests and deportations as a result of using the registration data for immigration enforcement purposes.
Similarly, a commenter critiqued the IFR as providing “no analysis” to illustrate that additional registration is needed or that expanded requirements would improve public safety. A separate commenter further discussed how it is “highly questionable” that the IFR would achieve its stated objectives, through its purported benefits.
Response: The rule does not obligate additional enforcement of the existing statute. The rule establishes that those aliens that have not registered through other means should register using Form G-325R. The rule is expected to improve DHS law enforcement efficacy to (1) provide more comprehensive information about the location of aliens in the United States to make it easier and safer for DHS to enforce the law and (2) increase compliance with statutory fingerprinting requirements to provide DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist.
f. Compliance With E.O. 14192
Comment: Commenters raised concerns about the IFR's compliance with President Trump's E.O. 14192, “Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation.” The commenter wrote that this E.O. requires that whenever a Federal agency promulgates a new regulation, the agency “shall identify at least 10 existing regulations to be repealed,” which the commenter stated DHS has failed to do in this case. The commenter also remarked that DHS failed to fulfill the second requirement of the E.O., to offset “any new incremental costs associated with new regulations” with “the elimination of existing costs associated with at least 10 prior regulations.” The commenter reasoned that the IFR meets the E.O.'s definition of “regulation” or “rule,” adding that the IFR states that it “amends DHS regulations,” and that the E.O. applies to all Federal agencies and all regulatory actions.
The commenter reasoned that while the IFR is exempted from APA notice-and-comment procedures on the grounds that the IFR is only “a rule of agency organization, procedure, or practice,” this does not “encode a substantive value judgement or put a stamp of approval or disapproval on a given type of behavior.” The commenter concluded that if the rule is a purely procedural one, as DHS claims, rather than a rule issued with respect to the immigration-related function of the United States, the E.O. should apply. Concluding that the E.O.'s requirements do apply to the IFR, the commenter remarked that this represents either a ( printed page 39312) lack of attention to the administration's regulatory policies or a deliberate attempt to circumvent the requirements of E.O. 14192.
Response: Pursuant to the definitional section 5(a) of E.O. 14192, a regulation or rule issued with respect to a military, national security, homeland security, foreign affairs, or the immigration-related function of the United States is not considered a regulation or rule for E.O. 14192 purposes.[80] The IFR's primary direct purpose, and this rule's primary direct purpose, is to implement or interpret the immigration laws of the United States (as described in section 101(a)(17) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(17)) or any other function performed by the U.S. Federal Government with respect to aliens. See OMB Memorandum M-25-20, “Guidance Implementing Section 3 of Executive Order 14192, titled `Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation'” (Mar. 26, 2025). For this reason, and additionally because the IFR and this final rule are also issued with respect to national security, homeland security, and foreign affairs functions of the United States, the requirements of E.O. 14192 do not apply.
3. Other Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
a. Family Assessment
Comment: A couple of commenters remarked that the Family Assessment inaccurately states that there would be no impact to family unity, reasoning that law enforcement actions taken against aliens would separate families. The commenters urged DHS to provide further analysis and explanations for the reasons why aliens, including those with mixed-status families, would be required to report themselves with such a consequence. Another commenter said that the cost of increased surveillance and requirement for juveniles to register would adversely affect individuals and families due to the travel required for biometrics submission and monetary hurdles.
Commenters said that the rule violates section 654 of the Treasury General Appropriations Act of 1999 as the family separations that would ensue as a result of detentions and deportations would impact the stability or safety of the family, impacts the authority of parents in the education, nurture, and supervision of their children, and fails to help the family perform its functions. Several commenters wrote that the rule violates this statute in that it would impact family well-being, autonomy, and integrity through the requirement for children to independently register upon turning 14 years of age and the requirement for parents and legal guardians to register their children under the age of 14. A commenter remarked that DHS provided no information on the analysis it conducted to reach the conclusion that the rule would not impact family well-being or the autonomy and integrity of the family as an institution. A commenter said that USCIS must conduct a proper family assessment of this rule or face litigation.
A commenter presented data specific to Massachusetts, noting that approximately 26 percent of the “undocumented” population in the State have at least one minor U.S. citizen child, and 13 percent are married to U.S. citizens. The commenter stated that registration would effectively mean volunteering to separate families. The commenter challenged the IFR's analysis regarding the Treasury General Appropriations Act of 1999, specifically disputing the claim that the regulation “will not negatively affect family well-being and will not have any impact on the autonomy and integrity of the family as an institution.” The commenter wrote that the forced separation of families through deportation has well-documented negative impacts on family well-being. Furthermore, the commenter criticized the government for failing to provide information on how they “systematically reviewed the criteria” or justification for their conclusion that the IFR would not negatively impact family well-being, autonomy, or integrity.
Commenters stated that imposing registration requirements on adolescent children would impact the safety and stability of families and interfere with parents' autonomy in the education and supervision of their children. The commenters stated that the rule fails to examine the relationship between parental responsibility under the law for children under 18 and the requirement assigning independent responsibility to children between 14 and 18 years old. Regarding the requirement for parents and legal guardians to complete registration for children under 14, the commenters remarked that this would impact family safety and stability. The commenters stated that the rule requires parents to provide information about their children that could expose them to civil immigration enforcement, including detention and deportation. The commenters concluded that these measures clearly impact family well-being, safety, stability, and the authority of parents to direct the education, nurture, and supervision of their children.
Response: The IFR amended DHS regulations to designate a new registration form, Form G-325R, as an additional option for aliens to comply with statutory alien registration and fingerprinting provisions. The obligation is a longstanding obligation that has existed for over 80 years. DHS disagrees with the commenters that the IFR adversely affects families. The registration is free of charge and a significant number of aliens are already registered through the visa process, or through other encounters with the government. Congress imposed the requirement, and DHS is faithfully executing the law.
As stated in the IFR, DHS has determined that the implementation of this regulation will not negatively affect family well-being in accordance with section 654 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999 [81] and will not have any impact on the autonomy and integrity of the family as an institution. See90 FR 11793, 11799 (Mar. 12, 2025). The means of registration or prescribing the additional form in DHS regulation neither impact the stability or the safety of the family, particularly in terms of the marital commitment, nor the well -being of a family overall. To the contrary, as outlined in President Trump's E.O., enforcing the Nation's immigration laws is critically important to the national security and public safety of the United States and individuals present within the United States. SeeE.O. 14159, sec. 1.
b. Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis
Comment: A commenter wrote that this rule requires an NPRM and, therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) before the rule can move forward. The commenter added that, due to the rule's impacts on small entities, it affects the general public in addition to individuals, opening the door to a regulatory flexibility analysis.
Multiple commenters discussed the impacts of the IFR on small entities and commented that USCIS wrongly ignored these economic impacts. A couple of ( printed page 39313) commenters said that the omission of any translation of Form G-325R obscures the impact on small entities and organizations that serve limited English proficiency and low-income communities, as well as people with disabilities, and implicates Federal government obligations under sections 504 and 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Commenters said that there has already been a significant drop in international arrivals compared to last year, especially Canadian visitors, hurting the tourism industry in many States both near and far from the border. A commenter added that businesses in Michigan have suffered revenue loss due to immigrant workers and students being afraid to go to work or school for fear of detention and deportation, a situation that it said would only be exacerbated by this IFR. Another commenter said that this effect would be seen across the United States. A commenter stated that many small businesses would be impacted due to registrants needing to take time off to attend their biometrics appointment at an ASC, which they said could be several hours away.
Response: The IFR was published as an interim final rule, based on the procedural rule exception under the APA, 5 U.S.C. 553, and DHS was not required to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking under the APA or under any other law. As such, an initial regulatory flexibility analysis, was not required, in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 604(a), and is also not required for this final rule. Nonetheless, DHS, as part of the IFR and this final rule, has determined that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities ( i.e., small businesses, small organizations and small governmental jurisdictions). As DHS noted in the IFR, this rule directly regulates individual aliens. However, the RFA's regulatory flexibility analysis requirements apply only to small entities subject to the requirements of the rule.[82] The individual aliens subject to the alien registration requirements of the INA are not small entities as defined in 5 U.S.C. 601(6).
All USCIS forms are in the English language and must be submitted in English, with the exception of Form I-9 for employers in Puerto Rico. As explained throughout this preamble, USCIS complies with all statutory obligations for purposes of access and accommodations. DHS understands that there may be an impact on previously unregistered aliens, such as on those who visit the United States and that certain aliens may no longer opt to visit the United States. However, Congress considered the registration of aliens necessary; DHS is faithfully executing the law and, with this rule, is neither imposing new registration nor fingerprinting obligations in addition to those required by Congress.
c. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Comment: A commenter said that the IFR would impose an unfunded mandate on USCIS, which they said is already facing backlogs in its attempt to meet its core functions.
Response: The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) is intended, among other things, to curb the practice of imposing unfunded Federal Mandates on State, local and Tribal governments. USCIS is not a State, local or Tribal government—it is part of the Executive branch.
d. E.O. 13175, Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
Comment: A commenter said that the IFR would have Tribal implications under E.O. 13175, stating that the implementation and enforcement of the IFR would require law enforcement to request proof of compliance with registration from anyone who may appear to be a “noncitizen”. The commenter said that many Tribal members already experience this type of enforcement and this IFR would only increase the number of those encounters.
Response: DHS is sensitive to enforcement issues. The registration requirement applies to aliens only. Additionally, consistent with 8 U.S.C. 1359, DHS interprets the registration and fingerprinting requirements of 8 U.S.C. 1302 to exclude American Indians born in Canada who possess at least 50 per centum of blood of the American Indian race who are present in the United States under the authority of 8 U.S.C. 1359. This interpretation is based on construing 8 U.S.C. 1302 and other provisions of subchapter II of chapter 12, title 8 of the U.S. Code as consistent with the right of such American Indians to pass the borders of the United States. Similarly, members of the Texas Band of Kickapoo Indians are not required to register. See Texas Band of Kickapoo Act, Public Law 97-429, sec. 4(d).
Therefore, the IFR and this final rule do not have Tribal implications, as addressed in E.O. 13175, because it would not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian Tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes.
I. Out of Scope
This section summarizes some of the many comments that were outside the IFR's scope. Although, in an abundance of caution, DHS has summarized and responded to some of the below comments earlier in this preamble, DHS notes that it views the below comments (among others) as generally falling outside the scope of the IFR, as they tend to communicate objections to (for instance) clear statutory requirements that the IFR did not create or change or enforcement activities that are generally unrelated to this rule.
1. Registration Requirements Under Pre-Existing Statute and Regulations
a. Legal/Statutory Concerns and DHS Compliance With Statute
Comment: A commenter suggested that USCIS and the Attorney General implement a waiver policy for the statutory registration requirements. Others indicated that registration requirements have been viewed as contrary to American values and that the former INS had begun dismantling its registration apparatus by 1947, eliminating the registration requirements for Canadians and subsequently transitioning registration into regularized immigration applications and enforcement, thus marking an intentional departure from the sweeping process the IFR was seeking to implement.
Several commenters opposed the Alien Registration Act, with some commenters indicating it did little to address national security, and instead it became a tool to stifle and target political dissent and specific ethnic groups. Commenters discussed the historical context of the Act, with one commenter stating that the Alien Registration Act's original purpose was to monitor foreign nationals for national security concerns during wartime, not as an immigration enforcement tool. Some commenters called for the withdrawal of the Alien Registration Act.
Comments also addressed the registration of free Black people in pre-Civil War southern States and Chinese immigrants during the Chinese ( printed page 39314) Exclusion Era. Commenters stated that this type of immigration policy is grounded in a troubled history of white supremacy; that it is another step taken toward fascism by this Administration; and that it mirrors other shameful historical efforts, such as Nazi Germany's documentation requirements that were used to discriminate against individuals of Jewish ancestry.
Another commenter said that the “sweeping generalization” of whom E.O. 14159 affects is unfair and unconstitutional, because immigrants who have entered the country legally and have complied with the law should not be targeted by the law. Another commenter added that constitutional protections should apply to all people within the United States' jurisdiction, not just citizens or those “in favor with the administration.” Another commenter suggested that the government might eventually require registration for residents with green cards, for naturalized citizens, or “for anyone who doesn't pledge undying, uncritical loyalty to this administration. Without additional context, a commenter stated that even U.S.-born citizens are not safe from the impacts of this law, as according to the commenter ICE has already detained people in defiance of federal judges.
Response: The overall purpose of the statutory scheme established by Congress falls outside the scope of the rule. DHS has the obligation to faithfully execute the laws established by Congress, including the alien registration requirement. See INA sec. 103(a), 8 U.S.C. 1103(a). DHS has continued over the decades to ensure that aliens generally are registered by providing pathways to do so. The new general registration form added by the IFR is specifically designed to address a gap in the existing regulatory regime relating to registration and allow all aliens, regardless of their status, to fulfill their duty to register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. Regarding the comment about E.O. 14159, DHS did not issue the E.O. The IFR did not propose to change the terms of E.O. 14159 and could not have done so.
A U.S. citizen is not considered an alien under the INA. See INA sec. 101(a)(3), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3). The alien registration requirements of the INA require aliens, not U.S. citizens, to register.
b. Evidence of Registration
Comment: Another commenter asked what would happen to those with a previously issued employment authorization, but who are currently ineligible to obtain or renew it. Similarly, the commenter asked about those who were previously in removal proceedings, but whose proceedings were terminated, and they remain here “essentially undocumented.” A commenter stated that it is unclear whether immigrants who have already registered would be required to re-register, and added that criminal charges for failing to register would only increase the stress for those communities. Commenters wrote that the list of documents that serve as evidence of registration, regardless of expiration, is confusing. The commenter said that some of the documents on the list include a statement to say that they count as registration even if they are expired, but the website does not repeat this for all of the documents so it is unclear whether any of the remaining documents can be used if they are expired. A commenter said that the website describes Green Card holders as “lawful permanent residents” rather than following the regulation and listing “I-551 Permanent Resident Card,” so there is no opportunity to address whether expired Green Cards would be considered “registration.”
Response: In DHS's view, aliens who are 14 years of age or older and are issued evidence of registration have complied with their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, including expired forms that constitute evidence of registration. Similarly, an alien who is placed in removal proceedings via Form I-862, Notice to Appear, has complied with the registration requirement, regardless if the removal proceedings were administratively closed, terminated, or withdrawn. However, DHS notes that compliance with the registration requirement does not create an immigration status, establish employment authorization, or provide any other right or benefit under the INA or any other U.S. law.
Comment: A commenter requested clarification about whether immigrants who applied for Form I-131F, Application for Parole in Place for Certain Noncitizen Spouses and Stepchildren of U.S. Citizens, and were specifically eligible under its provisions, would be considered “registered” under the IFR.
Response: The Form I-131F, Application for Parole in Place for Certain Noncitizen Spouses and Stepchildren of U.S. Citizens, is not a prescribed registration form designated at 8 CFR 264.1(a). DHS notes on November 7, 2024, USCIS ceased the adjudication and intake of the Form I-131F, Application for Parole in Place for Certain Noncitizen Spouses and Stepchildren of U.S. Citizens. This program was vacated and cancelled in compliance with a court order.[83] For aliens who have no other pathway to register, they may submit a Form G-325R to satisfy their obligation under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
Comment: While expressing general support for the rule, another commenter suggested a modification to require all aliens, including those with visas and Green Cards, to register every year. The commenter suggested that those who fail to register or renew “without a reasonable cause” could be charged with a crime of moral turpitude for immigration purposes, which the commenter said would make it easier for those who do not register to be removed.
Response: The comment is beyond the scope of the IFR, which filled a gap in the regulation by adding an option for these aliens to comply with the existing statutory registration requirements.
c. Carry Requirement
Comment: A commenter expressed support for the “carry” requirement, stating that it would provide equal treatment similar to how citizens can be looked up through their ID. The commenter suggested that registered immigrants should have a similar process for identity verification with reasonable time to retrieve documentation if needed.
Opposing the carry requirement, a few commenters stated that no person in the United States should be required to carry proof of registration, others stated it was an “unnecessary burden” and comes with a “huge and unfair cost.” Another commenter stated that requiring all aliens to register and carry proof of registration is inconsistent with human dignity, makes aliens vulnerable to human trafficking by those who steal their proof of registration, and will result in racial profiling by law enforcement personnel and “vigilantes” demanding to see proof of registration. The commenter demanded a justification for the IFR “[o]ther than someone with a desire to have more power over others, and terrorize.”
Other commenters expressed concern that the requirement to carry proof of registration would become a pretext for arbitrary stops, detentions, and law enforcement encounters, which could disproportionately impact those who law enforcement perceive as foreign. Similarly, some commenters wrote that the implementation of the proposed enforcement of criminal penalties for ( printed page 39315) failing to carry proof of registration could lead to wrongful arrests affecting both citizens and “noncitizens.”
Many commenters stated that this carry requirement would risk misidentification of U.S. citizens as immigrants; lead toward establishing a totalitarian government; raise concerns about fairness, due process, and respect for human rights; harm individuals with disabilities; and have a chilling effect on First Amendment-protected speech, particularly for those challenging potentially discriminatory policies, and would disproportionately impact Black and Brown people regardless of citizenship. Another commenter wrote that the IFR does not account for the burden placed on U.S. citizens, as according to the commenter every person in the United States would have to carry proof of their immigration status. The commenter said that if an alien must carry proof of registration to avoid arrest by DHS officers or to pass through increasingly common DHS checkpoints, then U.S. citizens would likewise have to prove that they are exempt from DHS registration requirements by carrying their own proof of status. Further, they stated that as DHS has “engaged in aggressive enforcement measures,” even before this rule came into effect, there are increasing numbers of U.S. citizens being erroneously and unlawfully arrested.
Commenters also raised concerns that the carry requirement could have on individuals with mental health, developmental, and cognitive disabilities, stating the IFR does not consider “reasonable accommodations” for individuals with disabilities whom this provision would affect. Multiple commenters also raised concerns that the requirement to carry proof of registration at all times would disproportionately harm survivors of violence—including child survivors—or place them at risk of criminalization. A commenter wrote that sexual assault survivors, especially those working in seasonal agriculture and janitorial industries, often lack access to safe, stable housing, reliable transportation, or secure places to store important documents. Another commenter, echoing the previous concerns about the inability of survivors to carry proof of registration at all times as required under the IFR, encouraged DHS to consider factors such as emergencies, victimization, and health conditions, among others, in its criminal, civil, and immigration enforcement actions of 8 U.S.C. 1304(e).
One commenter stated that since registration information is electronically available, it would be more efficient to provide alternatives to physical documentation, reasoning that officers can easily access the required information electronically through myUSCIS accounts or the CBP I-94/I-94W URL address, which could encourage more compliance.
Response: These comments are outside the scope of this rulemaking. DHS notes that the law requires aliens who are issued evidence of registration and over the age of 18 to carry such evidence on their person at all times. The regulation at 8 CFR 264.1(b) provides a list of evidence of registration, which includes the Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card. The comments regarding the enforcement of section 264(e) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(e) are outside the scope of this rulemaking. Comments regarding racial profiling and effects on vulnerable populations are addressed in section III.D.3.e. of this preamble. DHS also notes that it considers an electronic copy of the evidence of registration to satisfy an alien's obligation to carry proof of registration on his or her person.
DHS is aware that there are areas of the existing regulations that could be improved, including amending the list of forms prescribed as registration forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and the list of forms constituted as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). As part of this final rule, DHS is requesting comments on various ways to amend the DHS regulation to improve implementation of the registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. See section V, Request for Comments, of this preamble.
Finally, DHS reiterates that the alien registration requirements of the INA require aliens—not U.S. citizens—to register.
d. Address Change Requirement
Comment: A commenter expressed concern that the expectation for people with disabilities to comply with address change requirements imposes a significant burden, and the absence of a safe address option exposes these clients to potential adverse outcomes. A commenter noted that it is particularly difficult for victims of domestic violence to update their address as they may flee their homes to escape violence, often moving frequently to stay safe, and that the requirement to update change of address penalizes every victim of human trafficking and domestic or sexual violence, including those with lawful immigration status. Another commenter stated that the requirement to document every place an individual would visit is unfair and onerous, and would burden potential visitors, reasoning that people enjoy freedom of movement both in Canada and the United States. A commenter remarked that while the existing change-of-address requirements allow individuals to demonstrate that noncompliance was not willful or was reasonably excusable, the IFR requirement provides no such flexibility. Another commenter noted that change-of-address update requirements could impede immigrants' ability to navigate the court system, while bureaucratic backlogs might incorrectly label mobile immigrants as noncompliant with registration requirements.
Response: DHS notes that the law established by Congress requires that aliens who are required to register update their address with the government within 10 days of moving.
Aliens filing a Form G-325R do not qualify as protected alien under 8 U.S.C. 1367 by virtue of such filing, however, if an alien designated as a protected alien on another basis, USCIS would maintain the same protection for the safe address included on the G-325R. On the Form G-325R, an alien may provide a safe address. As with all USCIS forms in which an alien may provide a safe address, if USCIS contacts the alien through the mail it will use the safe address that they provide. However, the Form G-325R process is entirely electronic at this time. All notices sent from USCIS to an alien are uploaded to the alien's USCIS online account and none of the notices associated with the Form G-325R are issued via mail. Therefore, not only may aliens provide a safe address, consistent with longstanding USCIS practice, USCIS does not send any documents through the mail in connection with Form G-325R.
While DHS defers to its partners at DOJ regarding the enforcement of criminal laws, DHS agencies enforcing the carry and change of address requirements may access DHS databases that contain information about whether DHS has issued evidence of registration and whether an alien has complied with the change of address requirements.
2. Enforcement of Criminal Provisions
Comment: Without specifically mentioning the IFR, multiple commenters criticized the current approach to immigration in the United States and the enforcement of criminal and immigration provisions, including ICE referrals to DOJ. Another commenter remarked that people that the government is reasonably interested in tracking—those involved in criminal ( printed page 39316) activities—would not register, while innocent people who do register would be caught in a system of “administrative errors.” Another commenter stated that the government is instilling fear in “undocumented” immigrants by presenting them with two options: either not registering and facing criminal charges, fines, and deportation, or registering and still getting deported. A commenter stated that the enforcement mechanisms are unnecessarily harsh, with threatened fines that could further marginalize already vulnerable populations and others indicated, opposing the E.O., that it was “absurd to prioritize enforcement for aliens who fail to register.”
Response: DHS defers to its partners at the DOJ regarding the enforcement of the criminal provisions under the registration requirements. DHS notes that the IFR merely added another method for compliance with the existing statutory registration requirements to improve registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens.
Comment: A commenter asked how soon after registration individuals would be required to depart, and whether the time period would be similar to the 160-day period for voluntary departure orders. The commenter additionally asked whether failure to register would be an inadmissibility for adjustment or consular process.
Response: The law requiring most aliens present in the United States who remain for 30 days or longer to register and, with some exceptions based on age or nonimmigrant status, be fingerprinted, does not have a departure requirement. In regard to the comment on failure to register and inadmissibility for adjustment of status, DHS notes that registration itself is not an immigration benefit and has no direct impact on an alien's eligibility for other immigration benefits that they may seek.
Comment: While agreeing with what the commenter characterized as the prior Administration's targeted and discretionary use of enforcement resources rather than a blanket approach, a commenter suggested that ICE prioritize enforcement and removal efforts on individuals who pose significant threats, rather than detaining “foreign nationals” without criminal records.
A commenter expressed opposition for “labeling what should be a civil offense as a criminal offense, in order to criminalize and demonize immigrants.” Another commenter requested justification for the “proposed measures” making noncompliance a criminal offense, rather than a civil one, and imposing penalties such as a $5,000 fine and 1 month of imprisonment. Commenters also stated that the expense of enforcing penalties and the economic implications of removing millions of people from the workforce would create a further strain on U.S. resources.
Response: While Congress has established civil and criminal penalties for a variety of offenses relating to immigration, the comments are outside the scope of this rule. This rule does not establish any such enforcement of the statute, consequences, or offenses. The criminal penalties for a failure to register or meet the other associated requirements under sections 262 to 265 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 through 1305, were established by Congress and also fall outside the scope of this very limited rule. DHS notes that the information collected by USCIS through Form G-325R is stored in ELIS, and that USCIS' partners at CBP and ICE have long had read-only access to USCIS systems, including but not limited to ELIS. Regarding comments related to costs of enforcement, DHS notes it has an obligation to faithfully execute laws established by Congress. See INA sec. 103(a); 8 U.S.C. 1103(a).
3. Other Out of Scope (Not Related to Registration Requirements)
Comment: Several commenters made remarks not related to registration requirements including criticizing the United States for allowing illegal immigration to escalate, asking for meaningful immigration reform, requesting the immediate abolishment of ICE, suggesting taxing billionaires, “and bring[ing] back the hope that made this country promising at one point.”
Some commenters offered alternative approaches to immigration policy, such as advocating for clear legal pathways to citizenship for refugees and DACA recipients, and calling for targeted deportation of violent offenders and a path to legal status for long-term contributing immigrants. A commenter said because “undocumented” immigrants contribute billions of dollars in taxes each year, jails are overcrowded, and it is expensive to deport people, there should be immigration reform or a pathway to citizenship. Without discussing registration requirements, multiple commenters discussed their support for the fair treatment of immigrants, the benefits immigrants have on communities, and the U.S. economy.
Other commenters recommended that DHS correct other regulatory provisions, such as 8 CFR 235.1(h) to make land-, sea-, and air-issued Forms I-94 valid for multiple entries by default. The commenters noted that currently only a Form I-94 issued at land borders is a multiple-entry document by default. The commenters also stated that the regulatory language does not account for the electronic I-94 system and still contemplates physical surrender of the Form I-94 for compliance.
Response: As previously discussed, the purpose of the IFR and this final rule is to improve the registration outcomes for certain groups of aliens to better ensure that all previously unregistered aliens in the United States comply with the statutory requirements in sections 261 through 266 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1301 through 1306. Comments that do not relate to the registration requirements are outside the scope of the IFR and this final rule.
Comment: A commenter asked whether children of nonimmigrants attending public schools would be considered a visa violation under the INA and requested more details about the relief for voluntary departure mentioned in the E.O. to avoid mandatory bars.
Response: This comment about children of nonimmigrants attending public school, and visa violations, is outside the scope of the IFR.
IV. Additional Changes in the Final Rule
The IFR was limited in scope, amending 8 CFR 264.1 to designate a new general registration form and a new form of evidence of registration. See8 CFR 264.1(a); see8 CFR 264.1(b). In this Final Rule, the Department is making additional changes that are outside the scope of the IFR, but are technical and procedural in nature and thus are not subject to the notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements of the APA at 5 U.S.C. 553. DHS is not seeking comments on these changes.
As part of this final rule, and after carefully considering the comments received, DHS realized that aspects of the 8 CFR part 264, including 8 CFR 264.1, are outdated and would benefit from improvement. DHS is making these technical amendments in 8 CFR 264.1 to reduce confusion, improve the usability of the regulations, enhancing readability of the regulations, and more accurately describe the current procedures. These modifications are not intended to be substantive and do not change eligibility criteria or evidentiary standards or confer new rights or obligations upon any party. Additionally, any modifications in this rulemaking that remove outdated prescribed registration forms or evidence of registration will not affect any alien who has satisfied his ( printed page 39317) or her obligation to register using these forms or who has been issued such evidence.
A. Changes to the Prescribed Registration Forms in 8 CFR 264.1(a)
1. Removing Prescribed Registration Forms
DHS is eliminating the following outdated forms from the list of prescribed registration forms found in 8 CFR 264.1(a):
I-67, Inspection Record—Hungarian Refugees;
I-691, Notice of Approval for Status as a Temporary Resident; and
I-700, Application for Status as a Temporary Resident.
In 1958, Congress authorized permanent residence status to certain Hungarian refugees who were paroled into the United States after October 23, 1956, under section 212(d)(5) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1182. See Public Law 85-559, 72 Stat. 419 (1958). The former INS used Form I-67, Inspection Record, to examine and inspect these refugees for admission as lawful permanent residents. Once admitted as an LPR, the former INS issued a Form I-151, Alien Registration Receipt Card, as proof of registration and evidence of LPR status. In 1960, the former INS added Form I-67 as a prescribed registration form in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and for immigration benefits in 8 CFR 299.1. See25 FR 7180 (Jul. 29, 1960). In 1988, the former INS removed I-67 in 8 CFR 299.1 as a form that was no longer accepted and used by the Service. See53 FR 33443 (Aug. 31, 1998).
The former INS prescribed Forms I-691 and I-700 as registration forms as part of the implementation of section 201 and 302 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) [84] that provided certain aliens who entered the United States before January 1, 1982, and Special Agricultural Workers (SAWs) LPR status after obtaining temporary resident status. See52 FR 16190 (May 1, 1987). Upon the filing of a nonfrivolous Form I-687, Application for Status as a Temporary Resident, or I-700 and after having interviewed the applicant, the former INS granted to the applicant employment authorization on Form I-688A or Form I-688B. See INA secs. 210(d)(2) and 245A(e)(2), 8 U.S.C. 1160 and 1255a; 8 CFR 210.4(b)(2) and 245.2(n)(2)(ii). Upon the grant of temporary resident status, the alien was issued Form I-688, Temporary Resident Card. See8 CFR 210.4(b)(3) and 245a.2(n)(3). Forms I-688 and I-688A/B also constituted evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). See52 FR 16190, 16194 (May 1, 1987) and 61 FR 46534 (Sept. 4, 1996). Eventually, because Form I-688, and Forms I-688A and I-688B were no longer issued, and USCIS issued Forms I-766 to those who formerly received Forms I-688, I-688A and I-688B, references to these forms removed from different parts of the regulations and other documents, including 8 CFR 264.1(b).[85] The former INS used Forms I-687, I-691 and I-700 for aliens to apply for temporary resident status under the Legalization programs. The former INS in turn used the Form I-691 to notify an applicant that his or her Form I-687 or I-700 was approved,[86] and once these aliens satisfied the eligibility requirements as a temporary resident, they would adjust status to a permanent resident either under section 210 or 245A of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1160 or 1255a and received a permanent resident card, now the Form I-551.[87]
Since DHS no longer uses or accepts or issues Form I-67, I-691, and I-700, eliminating these forms and modifying 8 CFR 264.1(a) reduces confusion and improves usability of the regulations. These regulatory changes are effective prospectively, such that if an alien properly submitted one of these forms while the form was designated as a registration form under 8 CFR 264.1(a), the alien will have satisfied their obligation to register.
2. Updating Prescribed Registration Form Names, Numbers, and Related Classes
In response to comments indicating that the regulation is outdated and confusing, DHS is updating the following form names and numbers from the list of prescribed registration forms found in 8 CFR 264.1(a) with the intention to reduce confusion and improve the usability of the regulations:
I-94, Arrival-Departure Record;
I-485, Application for Status as Permanent Resident;
I-590, Registration for Classification as Refugee—Escapee; and
I-817, Application for Voluntary Departure under the Family Unity Program.
DHS is adding Form I-94A/94W to the Form I-94 entry to reduce confusion about the effect of Form I-94A, Departure Record and Form I-94W, Nonimmigrant Visa Waiver Arrival/Departure Record. Form I-94A is the paper version of the electronic Form I-94 and used by aliens to report their arrival/departure and admission and parole information to DHS. See8 CFR 1.4. Form I-94W relates to aliens who are admitted to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program. See8 CFR 217.2(c)(2). While these forms are, and always have been, subcategories of Form I-94, DHS is adding Forms I-94A and I-94W to clarify that these forms are also prescribed registration forms.
Furthermore, DHS is revising the form title for Form I-485 to “Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, or its predecessor or successor form.” The form name in the registration regulations has not been updated since the reference was first added to 8 CFR 264.1(a) in 1965. See30 FR 13862 (Nov. 2, 1965).
Similarly, DHS is updating the form title of Form I-590 to “Registration for Classification as Refugee.” Form I-590 was added to 8 CFR 264.1(a) in 1960 as “Registration for Classification as Refugee-Escapee.” See25 FR 10495 (Nov. 2, 1960). The entry has not been updated since although refugee processing has changed, as explained later in this section. DHS is also updating the form title of Form I-817 to “Application for Family Unity Benefits or its successor form, or its predecessor form.” The form title in the registration regulations has not been updated since the reference was first added to 8 CFR 264.1(a) during the implementation of Form I-817 in 1992 (57 FR 6457 (Feb. 25, 1992)) and was not updated when the former INS renamed the form in 2001. See66 FR 29661 (June 1, 2001). DHS's modification of these form titles ( printed page 39318) ensures that form names are accurately reflected, which reduces confusion and improves usability of the regulations.
In addition to the changes to the above form numbers and names, DHS is updating the following class of aliens related to the list of prescribed registration forms found in 8 CFR 264.1(a):
I-94, Arrival and Departure Record;
I-181, Memorandum of Creation of Record of Lawful Permanent Residence; and
I-590, Registration for Classification as Refugee—Escapee.
DHS is removing the entry referring to the class of “aliens whose claimed entry prior to July 1, 1924 cannot be verified, they having satisfactorily established residence in the United States since prior to July 1, 1924” from the Form I-94 entry. DHS is removing this class from the regulation since this population would at this point be over 100 years old, making this entry obsolete.
DHS is also revising the class entry in Form I-181, which currently reads “Aliens presumed to be lawfully admitted to the United States under 8 CFR 101.1” to “Aliens born to an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence during a temporary visit abroad admitted without a visa under 8 CFR 211.1(b).” The existing class description is no longer an accurate representation of which aliens use Form I-181 to receive evidence of registration, Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card. The DHS revision reduces confusion and improves usability of the regulations.
The current class of aliens of Form I-590, “Refugee-escapees paroled pursuant to section 1 of the INA of July 14, 1960,” is no longer an accurate description of the Form I-590, as it was added in 1960 and has not been updated since. See25 FR 10495 (Nov. 2, 1960). The Refugee Act of 1980 established a uniform procedure for the admission of qualifying aliens as refugees under section 207 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1157. See Public Law 96-212, 94 Stat. 102 (Mar. 17, 1980). Under section 207 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1157, aliens who are admitted to the United States as refugees through an approved Form I-590 are granted refugee status on the date they are admitted. See INA sec. 207(c), 8 U.S.C. 1157(c). Aliens qualifying as refugees often were paroled into the United States prior to the Refugee Act, and aliens generally are no longer paroled as refugees. See INA sec. 212(d)(5)(B), 8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)(B). DHS thus revises the class description for the entire entry to read “I-590, Registration for Classification as Refugee or its successor form, or its predecessor form—Applicants under section 207 of the INA and Refugee-escapees paroled pursuant to section 1 of the Act of July 14, 1960.” This modification reduces confusion and improves the usability of the regulations. Other than the modifications described in this section, DHS is not making additional changes and is republishing any entry in 8 CFR 264.1(a) not described in this section without changes.
B. Changes to Forms Constituting Evidence of Registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b)
DHS and former INS have periodically updated the list of forms which constitute evidence of registration, found in 8 CFR 264.1(b). Prior to the publication of the IFR, the most recent amendments to the list were the addition of a note in 2013, and addition and deletion of some forms in 2011.[88] Other than the modifications described in this section, DHS is not making additional changes and is republishing any entry in 8 CFR 264.1(b) not described in this section without changes.
1. Updating Form I-94 as Evidence of Registration
DHS is making the same updates to the entry relating to Form I-94 in 8 CFR 264.1(b) as those that were made in 8 CFR 264.1(a). See section IV.A. 2 of this preamble. DHS is adding Form I-94A/94W to the Form I-94 entry to reduce confusion about the effect of Form I-94A and Form I-94W, and is removing the entry referring to the class of “aliens whose claimed entry prior to July 1, 1924 cannot be verified, they having satisfactorily established residence in the United States since prior to July 1, 1924.” DHS is removing this class from the regulation since this population would at this point be over 100 years old, making this entry obsolete.
2. Updating Form Names and Numbers Related to Border Crossing Cards
DHS is removing the form numbers and titles of the Form I-185, Nonresident Alien Canadian Border Crossing Card (BCC) and Form I-186, Nonresident Alien Mexican (BCC) and adding “DSP-150, B-1/B-2 Visa and Border Crossing Card or its successor form, or its predecessor form.” DHS is retaining the class description for the Form I-186 entry, as it is still accurate. DHS is not retaining the class description for the Form I-185 entry, because it no longer applies.
In 2002, the former INS eliminated Form I-185, Nonresident Alien Canadian Border Crossing Card, and Form I-186, Nonresident Alien Mexican Border Crossing Card (67 FR 71443 (Dec. 2, 2002)) in order to meet the biometric requirements in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of 1996.[89] The former INS determined that these BCCs did not meet the biometric requirements and as a result prohibited the use of those two cards and stated that they would no longer be accepted for admission into the United States on or after October 1, 2002. See8 CFR 212.6(c); see also67 FR 71443, 71443-71444 (Dec. 2, 2002).
The issuance of Form I-185 ceased on April 1, 1998, and the government did not replace the Canadian BCC. The former INS highlighted the longstanding regulation that aliens who are Canadian citizens are permitted to travel temporarily to the United States without a visa. See8 CFR 212.1(a); see also67 FR 71443, 71445.
Prior to the elimination of the Form I-186, State published regulations on application procedures and criteria for border crossing cards, including the creation of a new card, Form DSP-150, B-1/B-2 Visa and Border Crossing Card, to satisfy the biometric requirements in IIRIRA and replace the Form I-186. See64 FR 45163 (Aug. 19, 1999). Generally, an alien who is a citizen and resident of Mexico files an electronic nonimmigrant visa application on a Form DS-160, Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application to request a Form DSP-150, B-1/B-2 Visa and Border Crossing Card. See8 CFR 212.6 and 22 CFR 41.32. Once duly executed, the alien satisfies the registration requirements [90] and may use the Form DSP-150 as evidence of registration. DHS's technical update of replacing Form I-186 with Form DSP-150 in 8 CFR 264.1(b) accurately describes the current procedures on border crossing cards, reduces confusion, and improves usability of the regulation. The update does not substantively impact who is considered duly registered. Additionally, this update is similar to technical updates made in this section when the former INS replaced Form I-151 as evidence of registration with Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card, to reflect the current practice and procedures. 45 FR 52143 (Aug. 6, 1980). The elimination of references to outdated and expired ( printed page 39319) forms, particularly when those forms were replaced with successors, is common in former INS and DHS procedural rules updating 8 CFR 264.1 over many years.
3. Adding Forms That Constitute Evidence of Registration
DHS is adding the following forms and class of aliens that constitute evidence of registration to the table in 8 CFR 264.1(b):
I-860, Notice and Order of Expedited Removal—Aliens who have been determined to be inadmissible under section 212(a)(6)(C) or (7) of the Act and ordered removed under section 235(b)(1) of the Act;
I-871, Notice of Intent/Decision to Reinstate Order—Aliens who reentered the United States illegally and whose prior order of removal has been reinstated under section 241(a)(5) of the Act; and
CBP-approved document or electronic equivalent for the Trusted Travel Programs NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, and Global Entry—Aliens who were last admitted to the United States through NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, or Global Entry facilitated processing.
First, DHS is adding “I-860, Notice and Order of Expedited Removal” with the class of aliens who are subject to the expedited removal provisions, and “I-871, Notice of Intent/Decision to Reinstate Prior Order” with the class of aliens who are subject to reinstatement of a prior expedited, deportation, or removal order, as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). Similar to the Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and Form I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge, the forms relate to various types of removal proceedings under the INA. Both of these additional forms reflect a level of direct interaction with DHS officers engaged in immigration enforcement, including the collection of biometrics, that is similar to the already prescribed Forms I-862 and I-863. These forms constitute evidence of registration as of June 29, 2026 whether these forms were issued to the alien before, on, or after June 29, 2026.
This technical update reduces confusion and improves usability of the regulation.
Second, DHS is also adding to 8 CFR 264.1(b), “CBP-approved document or its electronic equivalent for the Trusted Traveler Programs NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, and Global Entry—Aliens who were last admitted to the United States through NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, or Global Entry facilitated processing.” An alien who is accepted as a member into one of these Trusted Travel Programs (TTP) [91] after completing an electronic application,[92] providing fingerprints, and undergoing vetting by CBP is either issued a CBP-approved document or may view membership details on his or her TTP online account. When an alien seeks admission into the United States either by air, land, or sea as a member under one of the TTPs, he or she is processed for admission using the facilitated processing designated for that program. The CBP-approved document for these TTPs or electronic membership information from an alien's TTP online account will serve as evidence of registration for aliens who were last admitted to the United States using facilitated TTP processing. As an alien cannot satisfy the registration requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, by applying for one of these programs after entering the United States, it would not make sense to add the related application forms to 8 CFR 264.1(a). Similar to aliens who register through the nonimmigrant or immigrant visa process with State, to be registered through a TTP, an alien must apply for and receive that evidence, either the CBP-approved card or its electronic equivalent, before using it to apply for admission in order for it to serve as evidence of registration. This update reduces confusion and improves the usability of the regulation.
4. Remove the Word “Form” in 8 CFR 264.1(b)
DHS is removing the word “Form” for the I-862, Notice to Appear, and for the I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge to improve the readability and make it consistent with the other entries related to the form that constitute evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b).
C. Changes to Fingerprint Waiver in 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1)
DHS is removing the language waiving the fingerprinting requirements for “nonimmigrant aliens admitted as foreign government officials and employees; international organization representatives, officers and employees” from 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) because the statute exempts the registration requirement completely for these aliens, “until the alien ceases to be entitled to such a nonimmigrant status.” See INA secs. 101(a)(A), (G), 263(b), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(A), (G), 1303(b). DHS is retaining the existing fingerprint waiver for holders of diplomatic visas [93] while they maintain such status, 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1). Other than A and G nonimmigrant visas (which are exempt from fingerprinting under the INA, see section 263, 8 U.S.C. 1303), diplomatic visas include visas issued in the B, F, J, or other nonimmigrant categories to those classes of aliens eligible to receive diplomatic visas. See INA sec. 101(a)(11), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(11), and 22 CFR 41.26, 9 FAM 402.3. Consistent with 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) and new 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2), USCIS will continue to waive fingerprinting for such diplomatic visa holders if such an alien would complete Form G-325R to register. See new 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2). DHS reminds the public that this rule is limited to making non-substantive and clarifying modifications to DHS's regulation at 8 CFR 264.1(e) as part of the alien registration requirement under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302 while the alien is in the United States. The DHS exemption from the fingerprinting requirement is independent of exemptions or waivers of fingerprinting requirements by State pursuant to section 221 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201.
Additionally, DHS is adding language to clarify that the attendants, servants, or personal employees of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) representatives, officers, and employees (NATO-7 nonimmigrants) are not themselves eligible for the waiver because they are not and have never been classified as NATO representatives, officers, or employees or their immediate family members. See8 CFR 214.2(s)(1)(i). DHS is amending this part of the regulation to reduce confusion.
All NATO nonimmigrants, those who are NATO representatives, officers, and employees, their immediate family members as well as the attendants, servants, or personal employees of those NATO representatives, officers, and employees, are subject to the alien registration requirement. The existing language of 8 CFR 264.1(e) clearly states ( printed page 39320) that nonimmigrant aliens who are the representatives, officers, and employees of NATO have a waiver of the fingerprinting requirement of section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. These aliens fall into the NATO-1 through NATO-6 nonimmigrant visa categories.
The language does not directly address the attendants, servants, or personal employees of such aliens, who fall into the NATO-7 nonimmigrant category. However, since those NATO-7 nonimmigrants are not themselves representatives, officers, or employees of NATO, DHS finds that the existing regulatory language excludes these NATO-7 nonimmigrants from the fingerprinting waiver. In order to clarify this for the public, DHS is adding a parenthetical making the exclusion explicit. See8 CFR 264.1(e)(1). This approach is consistent with State policy concerning biometrics collection for NATO nonimmigrant visa applications. State waives biometric requirements for aliens applying for nonimmigrant visas in the NATO-1-6 categories. State requires aliens applying for nonimmigrant visas as attendants, servants, or personal employees of NATO representatives, officers, and employees in the NATO-7 category to provide biometrics.[94]
In addition to the previously noted procedural rule changes, DHS is restructuring paragraph (e)(1) of 8 CFR 264.1 to separate the three fingerprint waivers addressed in that paragraph into three paragraphs and adding “she” or “her” where appropriate. See new 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) through (5). DHS is redesignating current paragraphs (e)(2) and (3) as paragraphs (e)(4) and (5). See new 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) through (5). Correspondingly, the reference to current paragraph (e)(1) contained in current paragraph (e)(2) is updated in the newly designated paragraph (e)(4) to reflect that paragraph (e)(4) is exclusive of the aliens described in new paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(3). See new 8 CFR 264.1(e)(4). DHS is also making minor editorial changes by adding “she” and “her” where appropriate, throughout the entire paragraph (e). See new 8 CFR 264.1(e). The restructuring and adding “she” or “her” will add clarity to the provisions and simplify the regulatory text. These changes are technical in nature and nonsubstantive, and they are designed to make it easier for the public to identify and understand the requirements by enhancing the readability of the regulation.
D. Updates to 8 CFR 264.1(g) and (g)(1)
DHS is amending regulations at 8 CFR 264.1(g) to reduce confusion, to enhance readability, and to more accurately describe the current procedures. DHS is adding “or by law” after “under the Act.” See new 8 CFR 264.1(g). The modification accounts for any further exemptions to registration by any law in the future that does not amend the INA.
Additionally, DHS is eliminating the language in 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1) that suggests a permanent resident alien who reaches the age of 14 while temporarily absent from the United States must submit a photograph when applying for registration after turning 14. See current 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1) and new 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1). Such aliens are applying for registration under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, by replacing their permanent resident cards under 8 CFR 264.5. Because of technological advances, a physical photograph is no longer needed in association with his or her request for a new permanent resident card under 8 CFR 264.5.[95]
DHS is also adding clarification in 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1) that an LPR must apply for registration within 30 days of his or her return to the United States in accordance with applicable form instructions and with the fee specified in 8 CFR 106.2 to replace a permanent resident card. This is consistent with current 8 CFR 264.5(a), which requires that aliens seeking to replace a permanent resident card must file the request in accordance with the appropriate form instructions and with the fee specified in 8 CFR 106.2. This amendment to 8 CFR 264.1(g)(1) makes it clear that these LPRs must also submit the applicable form to replace a permanent resident card for registration purposes, consistent with 8 CFR 264.5.
DHS is eliminating “if a lawful permanent resident of the United States” in the second sentence of paragraph (g)(1) and after “the alien.” This language is duplicative, and other text in paragraph (g)(1) already limits the applicability of the provisions to LPRs. DHS is adding “she” or “her” where appropriate in paragraph (g)(1).
E. Changes to Temporary Evidence of Permanent Resident Status in 8 CFR 264.5(h)
DHS is amending 8 CFR 264.5(h) to state that USCIS may issue temporary evidence of registration and LPR status to a “lawful permanent resident or conditional permanent resident alien who has properly filed an application for a replacement permanent resident card or for naturalization, petitioned for the removal of the conditions on his or her residence using the form prescribed by USCIS, or as otherwise determined by USCIS in accordance with the form instructions.” See new 8 CFR 264.5(h).
The existing regulation in 8 CFR 264.5(h) is no longer consistent with USCIS' approach to the issuance of temporary evidence of lawful or conditional permanent resident status. If an alien needs temporary evidence of permanent resident status (and, by extension, registration), a USCIS field office may issue a temporary I-551 stamp [96] in his or her passport or issue Form I-94 with a temporary I-551 stamp. The current language in 8 CFR 264.5(h) is very narrow and only mentions providing temporary evidence of permanent residence and registration when: (a) an alien has a pending application for a replacement permanent resident card and (b) the alien is departing temporarily from the United States and USCIS cannot issue the replacement card before the alien's departure.
It does not account for circumstances in which an alien requires temporary evidence of permanent residence but does not have a pending application to replace a permanent resident card, or situations in which the alien needs temporary evidence of permanent residence and registration for purposes unrelated to foreign travel, such as evidence of status for employment or business purposes. In practice, USCIS may issue temporary evidence of registration when the alien has a pending naturalization application or petition to remove conditions on his or her residence.[97] USCIS also does not ( printed page 39321) limit issuance of temporary evidence of permanent residence and registration to situations involving the need for travel outside of the United States. DHS is also clarifying that the temporary evidence of registration placed by USCIS in the alien's passport does not need to be surrendered to USCIS by the alien when the alien is issued a new Form. These amendments in 8 CFR 264.5(h) reduce confusion and are consistent with current practice of DHS.
F. Change Related to the Application for a Nonimmigrant Arrival-Departure Record in 8 CFR 264.6
DHS is amending regulations in 8 CFR 264.6 by making technical editorial updates. The update is in 8 CFR 264.6(a)(3) to remove an obsolete regulatory reference to paragraph 8 CFR 235.1(h)(1)(vi) in 8 CFR 264.6(a)(3). This change reduces confusion and enhance readability.
V. Request for Comments
As part of this rulemaking, and after carefully considering the comments received, DHS realized that aspects of the 8 CFR part 264, including 8 CFR 264.1 are outdated and would benefit from improvement. Thus, in this section, DHS requests comments on the proposals described in this section that could be finalized through a future rulemaking. These proposed amendments would improve usability and reduce the need for conforming changes in the future, if finalized in a future rulemaking. The modifications would not change the alien registration requirements under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. DHS invites comments on these changes during the public comment period.
A. Prescribe Additional Registration Forms To Align With DHS Information Collections and Ensure Screening and Vetting to a Uniform Baseline
While 8 CFR 264.1(a) has been periodically updated by USCIS and former INS over the years to eliminate references to outdated forms that can no longer be submitted by an alien to fulfill their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, and to prescribe additional registration forms, DHS has not completed a general update to the regulation since at least 2011. See76 FR 53764 (Aug. 29, 2011). Many commenters noted that there are existing DHS forms that may be suitable for registration purposes that are not listed in 8 CFR 264.1(a). Prescribing certain existing forms with information collection and thorough biometric-based screening and vetting for use by aliens to fulfill their duty to register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, would improve registration outcomes for certain populations of aliens while increasing efficiency and reducing burden for the public and the government. However, many of the forms suggested by commenters or otherwise considered by DHS for inclusion do not currently collect all of the information required by section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a). In addition, some of the forms considered currently do not collect biometrics from aliens as required by section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, for the purposes of registration. Therefore, to prescribe these additional registration forms, DHS would have to take additional actions, including amending information collections in accordance with the PRA. For these reasons, DHS is not prescribing those additional forms for registration in 8 CFR 264.1(a) in this final rule.
However, DHS may prescribe additional registration forms in the future, accompanied by appropriate action under the PRA and updates to those forms and processes to ensure that they collect the required information, include biometrics collection, and meet the uniform baseline for screening and vetting standards and procedures. DHS may prescribe additional forms without prior notice and comment under the APA because doing so would be a rule of agency organization, procedure, or practice under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). As DHS considers prescribing additional registration forms, it welcomes input from the public on the topic to help guide its deliberations. For this reason, DHS requests comments on its proposal to add additional forms to the list of prescribed registration forms found in 8 CFR 264.1(a). DHS also requests comments from the public relating to the potential addition of other forms to the list. These other forms and conforming changes would be as follows:
Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card[98]
Form I-102, Application for Replacement/Initial Nonimmigrant Arrival Departure Document—Aliens admitted as nonimmigrants and not issued Form I-94/94A/94W at the time of admission
Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status
Form I-589, Application for Asylum and Withholding of Removal
Form I-730, Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition—Alien beneficiary in the United States
Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence—Conditional permanent residents who reached age 14 and are requesting to remove conditions on residence.
Form I-821, Application for Temporary Protected Status
Form I-829, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence -Conditional permanent residents who reached age 14 and are requesting to remove conditions on residence.
Form I-854A, Inter-Agency Alien Witness and Informant Record
Form I-881, Application for Suspension of Deportation or Special Rule Cancellation of Removal
Form I-914, Application for T Nonimmigrant Status
Form I-918, Petition for U Nonimmigrant Status
B. Ensuring That Evidence of Registration Is Provided to Aliens Who Have Registered and Been Screened and Vetted to a Uniform Baseline
As with the list of prescribed registration forms, DHS and former INS have periodically updated the list of forms that constitute evidence of registration, found in 8 CFR 264.1(b). Prior to the publication of the IFR, the most recent amendments to the list were the addition of a note in 2013, and addition and deletion of some forms in 2011. 78 FR 18457 (Mar. 27, 2013) and 76 FR 53764 (Aug. 29, 2011).
1. Eliminate Certain Prescribed Evidence of Alien Registration Forms From 8 CFR 264.1(b)
DHS is considering removing Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, from the list of evidence of registration.
The use of Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, as evidence of registration is problematic for certain categories of aliens. The former INS first prescribed a registration form related to employment authorization in 1987, after the enactment of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 ( printed page 39322) (IRCA).[99] In that rule, former INS amended 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) “to include documents relating to the Legalization and Special Agricultural Worker (SAW) programs as registration forms and evidence of registration.” [100] Notably, former INS added Form I-688A, Employment Authorization Card, to 8 CFR 264.1(b). The former INS also added the legalization and SAW application forms to 8 CFR 264.1(a), prescribing them as registration forms.[101]
Form I-688A was a card issued to applicants for legalization or SAW legalization after they had submitted their application, completed an initial interview, and provided their biometrics. It served as evidence of employment authorization under section 245A(e)(2) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1255a(e)(2), during the period between the presentation of a prima facie application for lawful temporary resident status and the final determination on that application. It served a similar purpose for applicants for SAW legalization for an alien who presented a nonfrivolous application for legalization until a final determination on the application was made, under section 210(d)(2) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1160(d)(2). Again, Form I-688A was only issued after submission of a form prescribed in 8 CFR 264.1(a) with significant information collection, initial review of the form and interview of the alien by former INS, and the provision of biometrics.
The former INS made further updates to 8 CFR 264.1(b) relating to employment authorization documents in 1996. See61 FR 46534 (Sept. 4, 1996). These updates were related to the introduction of a new, more secure form (the Form I-766, or EAD) and the phasing out of the old Form I-688A (issued to legalization and SAW legalization applicants) and the Form I-688B (produced locally at former INS field offices and issued to aliens as evidence of employment authorization under certain provisions of 8 CFR 274a.12). The former INS explained in the rule that because Form I-766 would eventually replace Form I-688A, it was amending 8 CFR 264.1(b) to include Form I-766. See61 FR 46534, 46535. The former INS also added Form I-688B, which had never previously been considered evidence of registration, to 8 CFR 264.1(b). See61 FR 46534, 46535. It did so writing that “because an employment authorization document is considered an alien registration document for purposes of identity and employment eligibility (List A) of the Form I-9, the Service is amending part 264 to add Forms I-688B and I-766.” See61 FR 46534, 46535.
However, upon reviewing the information that USCIS collects to issue Form I-766 and the related fingerprint collection requirements, certain paths that aliens can take to obtain Form I-766 may not meet the statutory requirements for alien registration. By contrast, the Form I-688A was evidence of registration issued under section 264(d) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(d), after an alien had appeared in person and filed a registration form prepared as directed in section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a) and designated under 8 CFR 264.1(a), and the alien had been fingerprinted.
This issue does not call into question the validity of current Form I-766 as evidence of identity and employment authorization as a List A document under section 274A(b)(1)(B)(ii) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1324a(b)(1)(B)(ii). Form I-766 falls within the category of some “other document designated by the Attorney General” that meets the three statutory requirements.[102] Form I-766 does not have to be prescribed as evidence of registration for it to serve, as it historically has, as evidence of employment authorization, identity, and immigration status for any purpose.
Since Form I-766 was added to the list of forms constituting evidence of registration in 1997, former INS and then DHS expanded the categories of aliens to whom they issue Form I-766. Form I-766 is issued to many aliens who have not submitted a form prescribed in 8 CFR 264.1(a) or even a form that meets the requirements of section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a), without being prescribed. As a result, Form I-766 is issued to many aliens who have not provided the basic information mandated by Congress for registration. Form I-766 is also issued to many aliens who are not fingerprinted as a part of that process (and may not have provided fingerprints during previous encounters with immigration agencies), whereas the statute requires fingerprinting before being issued evidence of alien registration. See INA sec. 264(d), 8 U.S.C. 1304(d) (“Every alien in the United States who has been registered and fingerprinted. . . under the provisions of this chapter shall be issued” (emphasis added) evidence of registration.). In addition, the different paths that an alien may take to request a Form I-766 have widely varying background checks associated with them. This means that aliens issued Form I-766 may have undergone different screening and vetting standards and procedures (including, as noted, potentially not providing fingerprints at all), rather than the uniform baseline of screening and vetting that logically should be applied to all aliens registering under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302.
If DHS were to remove Form I-766 from the list of evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b), the effect would be that those aliens who have not already registered in some way and obtain a Form I-766 for purposes of employment and identity verification would still separately need to apply for registration and provided fingerprints (unless waived) as required under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. However, DHS notes that many aliens who seek a Form I-766 are already registered in some way, and that prescribing the additional forms as proposed in Section V.A. would result in the registration of most such aliens.
For these reasons, DHS proposes removing Form I-766 from the list of forms prescribed as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b).
Any changes to the ability of Form I-766 to serve as evidence of registration would be forward-looking. That is to say, whether Form I-766 is removed from 8 CFR 264.1(b) or the classes of aliens who may use the form as evidence of registration are limited, it would not affect the ability of Form I-766s issued before the effective date of that future rulemaking to serve as evidence of registration.
This proposal is meant to be implemented in concert with the addition of other registration forms to 8 CFR 264.1(a) as discussed in section V.A.1 of this preamble, and the issuance of evidence of registration prescribed in 8 CFR 264.1(b) as described in section V.B. of this preamble.
DHS also considered alternatives to the proposal to remove Form I-766 from the list of evidence of registration. For example, in the alternative, DHS could limit the classes of aliens for whom Form I-766 can serve as evidence of ( printed page 39323) registration to those aliens who have submitted a registration form prescribed in 8 CFR 264.1(a) and provided their biometrics (unless waived), or who were registered and fingerprinted under section 221(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201(b).
Another alternative, DHS could prescribe any and all forms that can result in the issuance of a Form I-766 as registration forms under 8 CFR 264.1(a), including Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. DHS notes that this update would require significant additions to DHS forms, and a significant increase in the number of aliens required to provide biometrics. Millions of aliens who are already registered or not required to register submit those forms annually to USCIS and would face the burden of the expanded information collection and biometrics requirements.[103]
DHS welcomes public comments on these proposals, or other comments from the public about how it should address the inadequacy of Form I-766 as evidence of registration under the existing regulations.
2. Updates to the Classes of Aliens for Whom Form I-94 Constitutes Evidence of Registration Under 8 CFR 264.1(b)
DHS also proposes to add those classes of aliens issued Form I-94 upon the approval of those newly prescribed registration forms to the classes of aliens from whom Form I-94 serves as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b). While Form I-94 is prescribed as a registration form, the classes of aliens for whom it serves as evidence of registration are limited. Only aliens admitted as nonimmigrants, aliens paroled into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5), and aliens granted permission to depart without the institution of deportation proceedings [104] are listed as classes for whom the Form I-94 serves as evidence of registration. However, there are other aliens to whom DHS issues Form I-94, sometimes after those aliens submit forms: (1) that collect most, if not all, of the information required under section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a); (2) that have a biometrics requirement; and (3) whose processes include screening and vetting that meet a high uniform baseline. DHS requests public comment on its proposal to add the following classes of aliens to those for whom Form I-94 serves as evidence of registration:
Aliens granted asylum under section 208 of the INA,8 U.S.C. 1158.
Aliens granted extension of stay or change of status by USCIS pursuant to8 CFR 214.1 and section 248 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1258, and 8 CFR part 248.
Aliens granted nonimmigrant status under section 101(a)(15)(T) of the INA,8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(T).
Aliens granted nonimmigrant status under section 101(a)(15)(U) of the INA,8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(U).
C. Issuance of Evidence of Registration Prior to Adjudication of Related Benefit Request
DHS requests comment on potential ways in which it can provide evidence of registration that is not tied to the final adjudication of a separate immigration benefit request in a timely manner to those aliens who have fulfilled their duty under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, by submitting a benefit request to USCIS and providing their biometrics (unless waived).
The Form G-325R process is a registration-only form. There is no immigration benefit associated with registration under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, or this new form. An alien fulfills his or her duty to register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302, by submitting the application for registration, and providing biometrics (unless waived). USCIS sends evidence of registration to the alien through the alien's myUSCIS account as soon as the alien provides their biometrics. If the alien is not required to provide biometrics, USCIS sends evidence of registration immediately after assessing whether the alien must register.
The same may not be true for other pathways to registration that existed prior to publication of the IFR. For example, Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, is prescribed as a registration form in 8 CFR 264.1(a) but is also used by aliens to apply for lawful permanent residence. If an alien submits Form I-485, and provides biometrics (if required), they have complied with their duty to register under section 262 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302. However, they are not immediately (or sometimes ever) provided with evidence of registration. While DHS would issue an alien granted adjustment of status a Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card, an alien whose adjustment application was administratively closed, withdrawn, or denied, would not receive evidence of registration based on filing that prescribed form.
Using immigration benefit requests forms as registration forms saves aliens the time and burden of submitting multiple forms that may be duplicative of information collected, while DHS only processed and adjudicates the one form. However, as described above, it may present challenges for aliens who have registered and yet were not issued evidence of registration, as well as for law enforcement agencies verifying whether an alien has registered. Furthermore, since certain pending immigration benefit requests can serve as temporary evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.6(c), aliens would likely not have evidence of a pending request and a law enforcement officer would need to validate that claim in DHS systems.
For these reasons, DHS requests comment on potential ways in which it can provide evidence of registration unrelated to immigration benefit requests. Among the options that DHS is considering and on which it would appreciate public comments are the following:
Creating a new, general form that would serve as evidence of registration and that would be delivered either electronically or through the mail [105] whenever an alien submits an immigration benefit request prescribed as a registration form under 8 CFR 264.1(a) and has provided their biometrics (unless waived).
Renaming and slightly modifying the current “USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration” and issuing it not only to those who have fulfilled their duty to register through the Form G-325R process, but also to those who have submitted other prescribed ( printed page 39324) registration forms and providing their biometrics (unless waived).
Designating certain notices that USCIS issues prior to the final adjudication of various benefit requests as evidence of registration. For example, such evidence of registration could include an appointment notice for a biometric services appointment associated with a particular benefit request that has been endorsed by USCIS to show that the alien had provided the required biometrics.
D. Updating Outdated Waivers of Biometrics Requirement for Certain Nonimmigrants
1. Eliminate or Replace the Fingerprinting Waiver for Certain Nonimmigrant Aliens
DHS requests public comment on its proposal to eliminate or potentially replace the fingerprinting waiver for certain nonimmigrant aliens. The final sentence of existing 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) currently waives fingerprinting for “other nonimmigrant aliens, while they maintain nonimmigrant status, who are nationals of countries which do not require fingerprinting of United States citizens temporarily residing therein.” 8 CFR 264.1(e). This language has been in the regulations for decades. However, DHS had not previously needed identify these countries or define what “temporarily residing therein” means for purposes of the waiver.
Until DHS added the Form G-325R to 8 CFR 264.1(a), there were no prescribed registration forms to which it applied the nonimmigrant biometric waivers found in 8 CFR 264.1(e), including this one. All of the other prescribed registration forms have biometrics collection requirements unique to each benefit request.
As a potential replacement, DHS proposes that fingerprinting for purposes of registration be waived for nonimmigrant aliens, while they maintain nonimmigrant status, who are nationals of Canada or nationals of a Visa Waiver Program designated country as described in 8 CFR 217.2(a).
DHS notes that any changes to 8 CFR 264.1(e) would not affect the biometrics requirements associated with those prescribed registration forms or processes that are not within DHS authority or are also immigration benefit requests with their own biometrics requirements. Amendments to 8 CFR 264.1(e) have no effect on biometrics requirements for nonimmigrant and immigrant visa applicants with State, or on prescribed registration forms that are also immigration benefit requests.
2. Clarify “Not Previously Fingerprinted” in 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2) and (3)
Certain nonimmigrant aliens benefit from waivers of the fingerprinting requirement associated with registration under 8 CFR 264.1(e), but must provide their biometrics when certain triggering events occur. The requirement to provide fingerprints upon a triggering event applies to nonimmigrant aliens “not previously fingerprinted.” However, the current regulation does not explain or define which aliens are considered not previously fingerprinted and would have to be fingerprinted under 8 CFR 264.1(e)(2) or (3) due to a triggering event.
DHS requests public comment on a proposal that would clarify that aliens are considered “not previously fingerprinted” for purposes of 8 CFR 264.1(e) when a registered alien had not been fingerprinted by either by DHS or State. Specifically, a registered alien who was not fingerprinted by DHS in association with the submission of a prescribed registration form listed in 8 CFR 264.1(a) or when issued evidence of registration listed in 8 CFR 264.1(b) is considered “not previously fingerprinted” by DHS. A registered alien who was not fingerprinted by State in association with their application for a nonimmigrant visa under section 221(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201(b), which served as the basis for their most recent admission to the United States as a nonimmigrant, is considered “not previously fingerprinted” by State. Under this proposal, an alien that is registered but “not previously fingerprinted” by DHS or State, would be required to provide fingerprints for purposes of 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) or (2) based on a triggering event. The lack of an explanation could leave aliens confused as to whether or not they have been previously fingerprinted, and as a result uncertain as to their duty to apply for fingerprinting upon a triggering event.
E. Updates to 8 CFR 264.1(g)(2)
DHS requests comment on amending paragraph (g)(2) of 8 CFR 264.1(g) to state that aliens who reach 14 years old and who must apply for registration must surrender any prior evidence of alien registration that is invalid or expired, unless such evidence was issued in a digital format, or such evidence of alien registration is associated with exclusion, deportation, or removal proceedings and that USCIS will issue the alien new evidence of alien registration.
Under the proposal, an alien's evidence of registration may also serve as identification, proof of immigration status, or eligibility for employment authorization in the United States. Under the proposal, 8 CFR 264.1(g)(2) would read as follows:
“Others. In the case of an alien who is not a lawful permanent resident, the alien must surrender any prior evidence of alien registration. USCIS will issue the alien new evidence of alien registration.” USCIS no longer annotates an alien's previously issued registration document as evidence that they fulfilled their obligation under the second sentence of section 262(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1302(b). This amendment will make the regulatory text consistent with USCIS practice.
F. Requirement To Apply for Replacement Permanent Resident Card When Alien Reaches 14 Years Old
DHS proposes to amend 8 CFR 264.5(b)(8) to require any permanent resident who reaches the age of 14 to apply for the replacement of his or her Permanent Resident Card.
Pursuant to 8 CFR 264.5(b)(8), a permanent resident must apply for the replacement of the Permanent Resident Card “[w]hen the bearer of the card reaches the age of 14 years, unless the existing card will expire prior to the bearer's 16th birthday.” DHS believes the phrase “unless the existing card will expire prior to the bearer's 16th birthday” was included in the regulation in 1993 so that the fee waiver provision in the regulation could cite to this paragraph (along with paragraphs (b)(7) and (9)).[106] Since the fee waiver provision is now codified at 8 CFR 106.2(a)(1)(iii), DHS believes this language is no longer necessary.
VI. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements
A. Administrative Procedure Act
With this final rule, DHS is finalizing the IFR with additional procedural and technical changes to the regulatory text at 8 CFR 264.1, 264.5 and 264.6. Many of these changes are informed and supported by comments.
1. Procedural Rule Exception and Good Cause Under 5 U.S.C. 553
This rule's primary function is to consider and respond to comments on the IFR. DHS issued the IFR without prior notice and comment as a rule of agency organization, procedure, or ( printed page 39325) practice (“procedural rule”) under the APA, 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). See90 FR 11793, 11796 (Mar. 12, 2025). As explained in the IFR, the procedural rule exception covers agency actions that do not alter the rights or interests of parties, although it may alter the manner in which the parties present themselves or their viewpoint to the agency. See JEM Broad. Co., Inc v. FCC, 22 F.3d 320, 326 (D.C. Cir. 1994); see also Mendoza v. Perez, 754 F.3d 1002, 1023-24 (D.C. Cir. 2014); Am. Hosp. Ass'n v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 1037, 1047 (D.C. Cir. 1987). Following review of the public comments received on this IFR, DHS is now finalizing the IFR in this final rule and permanently adopting the provisions of the IFR without changes to those provisions. In addition, after thorough and careful consideration of the comments, DHS is adding additional forms to the registration table in 8 CFR 264.1(b). These forms relate to removal proceedings, similar to Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and reflect a level of direct interaction with DHS officers engaged in immigration enforcement including the collection of biometrics. DHS is also designating the CBP-approved documents or its electronic equivalent for the Trusted Traveler Programs NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, and Global Entry as evidence of registration because these document holders undergo a complete application process and robust vetting by CBP. Finally, DHS is updating the existing regulation at 8 CFR 264.5(h) as the language is outdated and inconsistent with current USCIS approach of issuing temporary evidence of lawful or conditional permanent resident status, to avoid confusion. These changes are procedural only and do not change eligibility criteria or evidentiary standards, nor do those additions alter the rights and interests of parties or encode a substantive value judgment on a given type of private behavior.
In addition, after careful consideration of the comments, DHS also decided to make additional minor technical changes to 8 CFR 264.1, by updating the names of the registration forms listed at 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b), and by making technical updates to 8 CFR 264.1(e) and 8 CFR 264.6. In addition, DHS is making editorial and procedural updates in 8 CFR 264.1(g) by removing redundant text, adding clarifying text, and addressing the outdated procedures specified in 8 CFR 264.1(g) related to photographs and the annotation of registration documents. These changes are also procedural in nature for the reasons described above. Moreover, DHS has good cause to make the changes without notice and comment.
An agency may forgo notice-and-comment rulemaking and a delayed effective date when the agency “for good cause finds . . . that notice and public procedure thereon are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.” 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B). In particular, notice-and-comment procedures are unnecessary if the matter addressed by the agency is minor and technical in nature so that it is not of particular interest to the public. See Mack Trucks, Inc. v. EPA, 682 F.3d 87, 94 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (“This prong of the good cause inquiry is `confined to those situations in which the administrative rule is a routine determination, insignificant in nature and impact, and inconsequential to the industry and to the public'”) (citing to Util. Solid Waste Activities Grp. v. EPA, 236 F.3d 749, 755 (D.C. Cir. 2001)).
DHS has for good cause found that notice-and-comment procedures are unnecessary here. Commenters indicated that the regulation is confusing because of outdated form names, such as Form I-590. Thus, USCIS is updating 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) by updating the listed form numbers and names to reflect the forms' correct number and current names. Some forms listed in 8 CFR 264.1 also no longer exist and can no longer be submitted to USCIS or DHS components, such as Form I-67, Inspection Record—Hungarian Refuges. DHS is therefore removing them to reduce confusion. Additionally, DHS is removing regulatory text that was superseded by legislative changes or is confusing, and DHS is also making grammatical or restructuring changes without changing the substantive nature of the provisions, such as in 8 CFR 264.1(e) related to fingerprint waivers, and 8 CFR 264.6.
These changes and updates are minor, procedural, and technical in nature and do not substantively impact the regulated public or change whether aliens are considered registered. The changes provide clarity about the applicability of the registration requirement, enhance the readability of the regulations, and are responsive to commenters' concerns. DHS is not required to engage in notice and comment under 5 U.S.C. 553 for these types of changes as they are covered by both the procedural rule exception under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A) and the good cause exemption of the APA at 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B).
2. Delayed Effective Date
This final rule is also exempt from the APA's delayed effective date requirement under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3) because DHS has for good cause found that it is unnecessary to delay implementation of this final rule.[107]
Although the good cause exception for the 30-day effective date in 5 U.S.C. 553(d) mirrors the “good cause” language of 5 U.S.C. 553(b), the good cause exception from the 30-day effective date requirement is easier to meet because these provisions have different purposes. See Riverbend Farms, Inc. v. Madigan, 958 F.2d 1479, 1485 (9th Cir. 1992); see also U.S. Steel Corp. v. EPA, 605 F.2d 283, 289-90 (7th Cir. 1979) (good cause more easily found as to 30-day waiting period). Unlike the notice-and-comment requirement, which is designed to ensure public participation in rulemaking, the 30-day waiting period is intended to give affected parties time to adjust their behavior before the final rule takes effect. See Riverbend Farms, 958 F.2d at 1485. Additionally, under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(1), the delay in effective date does not apply if the rule “grants or recognizes an exemption or relieves a restriction.” 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(1).
It is unnecessary to delay this final rule's effective date for multiple reasons. First and foremost, a delayed effective date is unnecessary because the IFR has been in effect since April 11, 2025. Additionally, the changes, such as prescribing additional forms that serve as evidence of registration in 8 CFR 264.1(b) alleviate the need for certain aliens to register by submitting Form G-325R and thus relieve a restriction. There is no need to give affected parties additional time to adjust their behavior before this final rule takes effect. Thus, a delayed effective date serves no purpose.
For the previously stated reasons, this final rule is effective immediately.[108]
( printed page 39326)
B. Executive Orders 12866, 13563 and 14192
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and E.O. 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) direct agencies to assess the costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if a regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize net benefits. E.O. 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and of promoting flexibility. E.O. 14192 (Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation) directs agencies to significantly reduce the private expenditures required to comply with Federal regulations and provides that “any new incremental costs associated with new regulations shall, to the extent permitted by law, be offset by the elimination of existing costs associated with at least 10 prior regulations.”
This rule has been designated a “significant regulatory action” under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866. Accordingly, the rule has been reviewed by OMB.
This rule is not an E.O. 14192 regulatory action because it is being issued with respect to an immigration-related function of the United States. The rule's primary direct purpose is to implement or interpret the immigration laws of the United States (as described in section 101(a)(17) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(17)) or any other function performed by the U.S. Federal Government with respect to aliens. See OMB Memorandum M-25-20, “Guidance Implementing Section 3 of E.O. 14192, titled `Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation' ” (Mar. 26, 2025).
1. Summary
DHS is amending existing regulations to make available another method for aliens to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA. The rule does not impose any new registration or fingerprinting obligations separate from the obligations already contained in the INA.
DHS has assessed the compliance costs and benefits of this rule as required by E.O.s 12866 and 13563. The direct costs of the rule include the opportunity cost of time to complete and file a registration form as well as the opportunity cost of time to submit biometrics. DHS and new registrants will incur compliance costs due to the activities from submitting forms and the collection of biometrics. DHS estimates current registration and biometrics submissions under this rule have cost aliens approximately $21.3 million.[109] The estimated burden to USCIS is $0.6 million from collecting and processing biometrics.
Table 2 provides a summary of the regulatory changes and the estimated costs and benefits associated with the expected impacts.
Table 2—Summary of Estimated Impacts of the Rule, FY 2025
Summary of the change to provision | Expected impact of the rule
Amend existing regulations to make available another method for aliens to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA | Quantitative: Benefits • None.
Costs • $21.3 million to aliens in registration costs. • $0.6 million to USCIS in biometric costs.
Qualitative: Benefits • The rule is expected to result in increased alien registrations that are consistent with provisions of the INA
Costs • Technical changes are expected to have a de minimis effect on costs • Indirect costs of the rule may include increased legal costs for those who choose to seek legal assistance and potential workforce impacts. Public comments identified these and other potential indirect effects, which are difficult to quantify.
Source: USCIS analysis.
Table 3—OMB A-4 Accounting Statement
[$ millions, 2025]
Period of analysis: FY 2025
Category | Primary estimate | Minimum estimate | Maximum estimate | Source citation (RIA, preamble, etc.)
BENEFITS
Monetized Benefits | N/A | RIA
Annualized quantified, but unmonetized, benefits | N/A | N/A | N/A | RIA
Unquantified Benefits | The rule is expected to result in increased alien registrations that are consistent with provisions of the INA. | RIA
COSTS
Annualized monetized costs (discount rate in parenthesis) | (7%) | $21.9 | N/A | N/A | RIA
(3%) | 21.9 | N/A | N/A | RIA
( printed page 39327)
Table 3—OMB A-4 Accounting Statement—Continued
[$ millions, 2025]
Period of analysis: FY 2025
Category | Primary estimate | Minimum estimate | Maximum estimate | Source citation (RIA, preamble, etc.)
Annualized quantified, but un-monetized, costs | N/A | RIA
Qualitative (unquantified) costs | Technical changes are expected to have a de minimis effect on costs. | RIA
Indirect costs of the rule may include increased legal costs for those who choose to seek legal assistance and potential workforce impacts. Public comments identified these and other potential indirect effects, which are difficult to quantify.
TRANSFERS
Annualized monetized transfers: “on budget” | N/A | N/A | N/A | RIA
From whom to whom? | | RIA
Annualized monetized transfers: “off-budget” | N/A | N/A | N/A | RIA
From whom to whom?
Miscellaneous analyses/category | Effects | Source citation (RIA, preamble, etc.)
Effects on State, local, and/or Tribal governments | None. | RIA
Effects on small businesses | None. | RFA
Effects on wages | None. | RIA
Effects on growth | None. | RIA
2. Affected Population
As previously discussed, this rule provides another method for aliens to comply with the alien registration requirements of the INA. Affected aliens may have other options to comply in addition to this rule. The following estimate present a maximum potential population. In addition, the estimate does not consider the effect on the status of unregistered aliens from other DHS activities; such activities may have resulted in additional aliens being registered by other means (such as the issuance of Form I-862, Notice to Appear, and the I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge), or self-deporting from the United States.
In the IFR, DHS explained that the potential population impacted by the IFR included those who are currently unregistered and who may use the general registration form designated under this rule. DHS estimated the potential affected population to be between 2.9 million and 3.5 million,[111] after accounting for groups who have engaged with DHS and have previously filed one of the designated registration forms discussed in the preamble (requirements under 8 CFR 264.1(a) or 8 CFR 264.1(b)). 112 See90 FR 11797 (Mar. 12, 2025). DHS explained that the affected population of those who remain in the United States for 30 days or longer includes, for instance:
Aliens who are present in the United States without inspection and admission or inspection and parole and have not yet registered (i.e., have not yet filed a registration form designated under 8 CFR 264.1(a), and do not have evidence of registration under 8 CFR 264.1(b)).
Canadian visitors who entered the United States at land ports of entry and were not issued evidence of registration (e.g., Form I-94).
An alien, whether previously registered or not, who turns 14 years old in the United States and therefore must register within 30 days after their 14th birthday.
DHS also recognized there could be additional aliens subject to this rule in the future, and that relying on this estimate may somewhat overstate those who need to fully comply as aliens under 14 years of age are required to be registered but do not need to provide fingerprints. See90 FR 11797 (Mar. 12, 2025).
As noted in the previous paragraph, this rule applies to Canadian visitors who entered the United States at land ports of entry and were not issued evidence of registration ( e.g., Form I-94).[113] This population is generally ( printed page 39328) exempt from having to submit biometrics. DHS believes approximately 500,000 Canadians who arrive by land visit the United States for 30 days or longer each year.[114] These visitors may request Form I-94 from CBP during the admission process at the port of entry or apply for a provisional I-94 before entering the country to comply with the provisions of this rule.[115] However, if these aliens are in the country already, they will need to file Form G-325R but are not required to provide biometrics as a part of that process. Canadian visitors that are Trusted Traveler Program participants that enter as nonimmigrants at land POEs using Trusted Traveler Program processing ( e.g., lanes) to gain admission without I-94 issuance would not need to submit a Form G-325R under this final rule.
As of May 7, 2026, USCIS has accepted over 142,982 Form G-325R receipts in the ARR electronic form submission process through myUSCIS for individuals subject to this requirement.[116] 78,944 receipts were submitted by Canadians, approximately 55.2 percent.[117] There have been over 34,742 aliens scheduled for ASC appointments to collect biometrics and over 20,302 ASC appointments have been completed.[118] Approximately 93,318 registrations have been processed, and completed ASC appointments.[119] DHS uses the number of actual registrants to monetize the compliance costs for aliens who have registered and completed biometrics appointments under this rule.
3. Changes in the Final Rule
In this Final Rule, DHS has made technical and procedural changes after considering the comments received, most of these changes are not substantive and will enhance readability of the regulations by more accurately describing the current procedures.
A notable change in the Final Rule to 8 CFR 264.1(b) Evidence of registration, is the addition of CBP-approved documents or its electronic equivalent for the Trusted Traveler Programs NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, and Global Entry. It's unknown how the addition of these CBP approved documents would impact the population estimate, but this could reduce the number of aliens who have to incur costs related to registration by submitting a form and biometrics.
3. Costs
DHS recognizes that there are costs to aliens to comply with registration requirements in the E.O. and the INA's alien registration provisions. The enforcement of related statutory provisions by Federal, State, and local governments, such as activities related to the prosecution for the willful failure of an alien to register under section 266 of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1306, are separate from this rulemaking. Correspondingly, any broader potential indirect or secondary cost impacts on employers, businesses, institutions, the economy, communities, and persons throughout the United States would be a direct result of the policy choice made by Congress when requiring aliens who are in the United States to register. However, DHS has considered the possibility that this rule, perhaps in combination with other policies, could have some of the indirect effects described above. We do not have sufficient information to quantify these effects.
DHS also recognizes the agency will incur costs related to processing forms and biometrics; these costs are considered later in this section. DHS similarly assesses the benefits in the following section.
(a) Registration Burden
Compliance costs to aliens may include the time to complete and file a registration form, as well as time spent traveling to an ASC, submitting fingerprints, and record retention. There is currently no fee for applicants to file the prescribed form or to submit biometrics, but applicants take on the burden of time to complete both, if biometrics are required.[120] We use the estimated mean travel time and distance to an ASC that is frequently used in USCIS rules. See78 FR 535 (Jan. 3, 2013). This will result in an overestimate of the burden for some registrants and an underestimate for others. The total filing burden for new registrations will include the cost of time to submit biometrics and the time burden of registration using Form G-325R.
Additional compliance with registration obligations will also result in more aliens needing to maintain evidence of registration. Aliens may also spend some marginal amount of time to become familiar with the process and specific steps they should take to be compliant.
This final rule has the potential impact of increasing the biometric activities for DHS, such as additional FBI Name checks, fingerprinting, and support from ASC locations. The biometrics activities are estimated to cost approximately $30 per applicant. This is a cost to the agency and will be discussed later in this section.
Many of the costs associated with the IFR are opportunity costs of time. We measure an alien's opportunity cost of time by estimating their expected hourly total compensation. For the affected population, we use the mean hourly wage of all occupations ($32.66).[121] To estimate total compensation we multiply the expected wage by the compensation to wage ratio for civilian employees (1.46).[122] This results in an estimated mean hourly total compensation of $47.68.[123]
Compliance costs to aliens include the time to complete and file a registration form, as well as time spent traveling to an ASC, submitting fingerprints, and record retention. To estimate the costs to complete and file Form G-325R, we include time burden of 2.5 hours to complete and submit the form.[124] The opportunity cost of time to ( printed page 39329) complete the form is $119.20 at the total compensation rate.[125]
To estimate the costs of submitting biometrics, we consider the time burden to submit biometrics, the time burden to travel to and from an ASC, and the vehicle costs of traveling to and from an ASC. The estimated time burden to submit biometrics is 1.17 hours.[126] The estimated opportunity cost of time to submit biometrics is $55.79.[127] The estimated average travel distance to and from an ASC is 50 miles; the expected total travel time is 2.5 hours.[128] The estimated opportunity cost of time to travel to and from an ASC is $119.20.[129] The vehicle costs of traveling to and from an ASC are based on the General Service Administration's per mile reimbursement rate for traveling in a privately owned vehicle—currently $0.70 per mile.[130] The estimated vehicle costs of traveling to and from an ASC are $35.00.[131] The estimated cost to submit biometrics at an ASC is $209.99.[132] Table 4 provides a breakdown of these costs.
Table 4—Costs to Unauthorized Aliens To Submit Biometrics
Type of cost | Monetary value of cost
Opportunity cost of time to travel to an ASC | $119.20
Opportunity cost of time to submit biometrics | 55.79
Vehicle costs of traveling to an ASC | 35.00
Total | 209.99
Source: USCIS analysis.
The estimated total per person compliance cost to register and submit biometrics is $329.19.[133] To monetize the compliance costs for those who have registered and completed biometrics appointments we apply the unit costs to the number of actual registrants, this includes the population of ARR electronic form submissions, and completed ASC appointments as of May 2026.[134] Registrants' opportunity cost of time is estimated at $17.0 million while the opportunity cost of time for those who submitted biometrics is estimated at $4.3 million.[135] The estimated total cost to aliens is approximately $21.3 million as of May 2026.[136]
The IFR increased biometric activities for DHS, including additional FBI Name checks, fingerprinting, and support from ASC locations. The biometrics activities are estimated to cost approximately $30 per applicant.[137] USCIS is not currently charging a filing fee to file Form G-325R to cover these costs. The decision not to assign a registration fee or require payment to for biometrics collection could be reconsidered during a future fee review process or in another future regulatory action by DHS. For the 20,302 ASC appointments that have been completed, the estimated burden to the Agency is $0.6 million.[138] The total estimated cost of the rule is approximately $21.9 million.[139]
(b) Final Rule Impacts Relative to IFR
This final rule does not change any of the impacts relative to the IFR.
The final rule implements technical changes relative to the IFR. These technical changes are expected to have de minimis effects. These changes clarify existing regulatory language or codify current practice.
The other regulatory changes made in this rule may reduce, to some extent, the population of aliens that may register via the Form G-325R under the IFR.[140] Due to factors contributing to a high degree of uncertainty, DHS cannot estimate the number of applicants who will be affected by this rule. These factors include, but are not limited to, increased immigration enforcement, reduced border crossings, and changing international travel behavior.
As noted previously, we do not have an estimate of these visitors who are currently in the country and, therefore, would need to submit Form G-325R instead of Form I-94 to register. Our estimate of an upper bound on the additional burden assumes each of the 500,000 Canadian visitors submits a Form G-325R but would not need to submit biometrics. Therefore, the upper bound estimate for these visitors is $59.6 million.[141] The changes to Form G-325R will not affect Canadian visitors who file a Form I-94 prior to entering the United States.
4. Benefits
The benefit of this rule is the designation of a general registration form option that will improve registration outcomes for aliens, consistent with the requirements of the alien registration provisions of the INA. This final rule provides a registration form available to all unregistered aliens regardless of their status.
The final rule is also expected to improve DHS law enforcement efficacy because law enforcement personnel ( printed page 39330) would have access to more comprehensive registration data. In addition, increased compliance with fingerprinting requirements would provide DHS with additional information about an alien's criminal record, including whether the alien is a known or suspected terrorist. When DHS has more information about potential targets of law enforcement, it can make more efficient use of law enforcement resources and better protect public safety and officer safety.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The RFA (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), requires an agency to prepare and make available to the public a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of the rule on small entities ( i.e., small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions). The RFA's regulatory flexibility analysis requirements apply only to those rules for which an agency is required to publish a general NPRM pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553 or any other law. See5 U.S.C. 604(a). DHS did not issue an NPRM for this action. Therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required for this rule. Nonetheless, DHS has determined that this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This rule directly regulates individual aliens. However, the RFA's regulatory flexibility analysis requirements apply only to small entities subject to the requirements of the rule.[142] The individual aliens subject to the requirements of this rule are not small entities as defined in 5 U.S.C. 601(6). Accordingly, DHS certifies that this rule does not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
UMRA is intended, among other things, to curb the practice of imposing unfunded Federal mandates on State, local, and Tribal governments. Title II of UMRA requires each Federal agency to prepare a written statement assessing the effects of any Federal mandate in a proposed rule, or final rule for which the agency published a general NPRM, that includes any Federal mandate that may result in a $100 million or more expenditure (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one year by State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector.[143] The inflation adjusted value of $100 million in 1995 was approximately $206 million in 2024 based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).[144] No written statement is required here, because DHS did not issue a general NPRM in connection with this rule. In addition, this final rule does not contain a Federal mandate as the term is defined under UMRA.[145] The requirements of title II of UMRA, therefore, do not apply, and DHS has not prepared a statement under UMRA.
E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Congressional Review Act)
This final rule is not a “rule” as defined by the Congressional Review Act, enacted as part of the SBREFA, Public Law 104-121. See5 U.S.C. 804(3)(C) (defining the term “rule” to exclude “any rule of agency organization, procedure, or practice that does not substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency parties”). DHS will nonetheless submit this final rule to both houses of Congress and the Comptroller General before the rule takes effect.
F. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
This rule does not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the National Government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with section 6 of E.O. 13132, Federalism, 64 FR 43255 (Aug. 4, 1999), this rule does not have sufficient federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a federalism summary impact statement.
G. Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)
This final rule was drafted and reviewed in accordance with E.O. 12988, Civil Justice Reform. This final rule was written to provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct and was reviewed carefully to eliminate drafting errors and ambiguities, so as to minimize litigation and undue burden on the Federal court system. DHS has determined that this final rule meets the applicable standards set forth in section 3 of E.O. 12988.
H. Executive Order 13175 (Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments)
This final rule does not have Tribal implications under E.O. 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, because it would not have a substantial direct effect on one or more Indian Tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes.
I. Family Assessment
DHS has assessed this final action in line with section 654 of the Treasury General Appropriations Act, 1999.[146] Accordingly, DHS has systematically reviewed the criteria specified by section 654(c)(1), by evaluating whether this regulatory action: (1) impacts the stability or safety of the family, particularly in terms of marital commitment; (2) impacts the authority of parents in the education, nurture, and supervision of their children; (3) helps the family perform its functions; (4) affects disposable income or poverty of families and children; (5) only financially impacts families, if at all, to the extent such impacts are justified; (6) may be carried out by State or local government or by the family; or (7) establishes a policy concerning the relationship between the behavior and personal responsibility of youth and the norms of society. If the agency determines that regulation may negatively affect family well-being, then the agency must provide an adequate rationale for its implementation.
As articulated in the IFR, DHS has determined that the implementation of this regulation will not negatively affect family well-being and will not have any impact on the autonomy and integrity of the family as an institution. ( printed page 39331)
J. National Environment Policy Act
DHS and its components analyze final actions to determine whether the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., applies and, if so, what degree of analysis is required. DHS Directive 023-01, Rev. 01 “Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act” (Directive 023-01) and “Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01 Revision 01, Implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act” (Instruction Manual) [147] established the policies and procedures that DHS and its components use to comply with NEPA and the Council on Environmental Quality regulations for implementing NEPA.
NEPA allows Federal agencies to establish, in their NEPA implementing procedures, categories of actions (“categorical exclusions”) that experience has shown do not, individually or cumulatively, have a significant effect on the human environment and, therefore, do not require an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement.[148] The Instruction Manual, Appendix A lists the DHS Categorical Exclusions.[149]
Under DHS NEPA implementing procedures, for an action to be categorically excluded, it must satisfy each of the following three conditions: (1) the entire action clearly fits within one or more of the categorical exclusions; (2) the action is not a piece of a larger action; and (3) no extraordinary circumstances exist that create the potential for a significant environmental effect.[150]
This final rule responds to public comments provided in response to the IFR, adopts the IFR as final, amends the regulations to adjust the lists of forms and processes that may serve as registration forms and evidence of alien registration under 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b) and seeks comments on other potential changes to the regulations relating to alien registration and fingerprinting under 8 CFR 264.1(e) that may be completed in a future regulatory action. This final rule also makes minor and technical changes to 8 CFR 264.1(e), 264.5, and 264.6. This final rule is strictly administrative and procedural. DHS has reviewed this final rule and finds that no significant impact on the environment, or any change in environmental effect will result from the amendments being promulgated in this final rule.
Accordingly, DHS finds that the promulgation of this final rule's amendments to current regulations clearly fits within categorical exclusion A3 established in DHS's NEPA implementing procedures as an administrative change with no change in environmental effect, is not part of a larger Federal action, and does not present extraordinary circumstances that create the potential for a significant environmental effect. Therefore, the regulatory amendments are categorically excluded from further NEPA review.
K. Paperwork Reduction Act
Under the PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501-3512, DHS must submit to OMB for review and approval, any reporting requirements inherent in a rule, unless they are exempt. This rule does not impose any new reporting or recordkeeping requirements under the PRA.
However, this rule requires the use of USCIS Form G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration). This form has previously been approved by OMB under the PRA. The OMB control number for this information collection is 1615-0166. DHS requested comments on the OMB-approved Form G-325R for the purposes of the 60-day Federal Register notice under the PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. See90 FR 11793, 11799 (Mar. 12, 2025). The comment period for purposes of the PRA ended on May 12, 2025. Any public comment received on Form G-325R in response to the 60-day Federal Register notice has been responded to in the 30-day Federal Register notice published for purposes of obtaining OMB approval of USCIS' request for extension and revision of Form G-325R [151] on August 11, 2025, at 90 FR 38655.
List of Subjects in 8 CFR Part 264
Aliens
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth in the preamble, DHS amends 8 CFR part 264 as follows:
PART 264—REGISTRATION AND FINGERPRINTING OF ALIENS IN THE UNITED STATES
1. The authority citation for part 264 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 8 U.S.C. 1103, 1201, 1302-1305; 8 CFR part 2.
2. Section 264.1 is amended by:
a. Revising and republishing paragraphs (a) and (b);
b. Revising paragraph (e);
c. Revising and republishing the heading and the introductory text of paragraph (g); and
d. Revising paragraph (g)(1).
The revisions read as follows:
§ 264.1
Registration and fingerprinting.
(a) Prescribed registration forms. The following forms are prescribed as registration forms:
Form No. and Class
G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration), or its successor form.
I-94/94A/94W, Arrival-Departure Record—Aliens admitted as nonimmigrants; aliens paroled into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act; aliens lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence who have not been registered previously; aliens who are granted permission to depart without the institution of deportation or removal proceedings or against whom deportation or removal proceedings are being instituted.
I-95, Crewmen's Landing Permit—Crewmen arriving by vessel or aircraft.
I-181, Memorandum of Creation of Record of Lawful Permanent Residence—Aliens born to an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence during a temporary visit abroad admitted without a visa under 8 CFR 211.1(b).
I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, or its predecessor or successor form—Applicants under sections 245 and 249 of the Immigration and Nationality Act as amended, and section 13 of the Act of September 11, 1957.
I-590, Registration for Classification as Refugee or its successor form, or its predecessor form—Applicants under section 207 of the INA and Refugee-escapees paroled pursuant to section 1 of the Act of July 14, 1960.
I-687, Application for Status as a Temporary Resident—Applicants under section 245A of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
I-698, Application to Adjust Status from Temporary to Permanent ( printed page 39332) Resident—Applicants under section 245A of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
I-817, Application for Family Unity Benefits or its successor form, or its predecessor form.
(b) Evidence of registration. The following forms constitute evidence of registration:
Form No. and Class
I-94/94A/94W, Arrival-Departure Record—Aliens admitted as nonimmigrants; aliens paroled into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act; and aliens granted permission to depart without the institution of deportation or removal proceedings.
I-95, Crewmen's Landing Permit—Crewmen arriving by vessel or aircraft.
I-184, Alien Crewman Landing Permit and Identification Card—Crewmen arriving by vessel.
DSP-150, B-1/B-2 Visa and Border Crossing Card or its successor form, or its predecessor form—Citizens of Mexico residing in Mexico.
I-221, Order to Show Cause and Notice of Hearing—Aliens against whom deportation proceedings are being instituted.
I-221S, Order to Show Cause, Notice of Hearing, and Warrant for Arrest of Alien—Aliens against whom deportation proceedings are being instituted.
I-551, Permanent Resident Card—Lawful permanent resident of the United States.
I-766, Employment Authorization Document.
I-860, Notice and Order of Expedited Removal—Aliens who have been determined to be inadmissible under section 212(a)(6)(C) or (7) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, and ordered removed under section 235(b)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
I-862, Notice to Appear—Aliens against whom removal proceedings are being instituted.
I-863, Notice of Referral to Immigration Judge—Aliens against whom removal proceedings are being instituted.
I-871, Notice of Intent/Decision to Reinstate Prior Order—Aliens who reentered the United States illegally and whose prior order of removal has been reinstated under section 241(a)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended.
USCIS Proof of Alien G-325R Registration, or its successor form.
CBP-approved document or its electronic equivalent for the Trusted Traveler Programs NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, and Global Entry—Aliens who were last admitted to the United States through NEXUS, SENTRI, FAST, or Global Entry facilitated processing.
* * * * *
(e) Fingerprinting waiver. (1) Fingerprinting is waived for nonimmigrant aliens admitted as NATO representatives, officers, and employees pursuant to 8 CFR 214.2(s)(1)(i)(A) and (B) (excluding the attendants, servants, or personal employees of such nonimmigrants under 8 CFR 214.2(s)(1)(i)(C)) while they maintain such nonimmigrant status.
(2) Fingerprinting is waived for aliens who are holders of diplomatic visas as defined in section 101(a)(11) of the Act and 22 CFR 41.26(a)(2) (other than those issued under section 101(a)(15)(A) and (G) of the Act who are exempt from the registration and fingerprinting requirements under section 263(b) of the Act) admitted on the basis of such visas while they maintain such nonimmigrant status.
(3) Fingerprinting is waived for nonimmigrant aliens, while they maintain nonimmigrant status, who are nationals of countries which do not require fingerprinting of United States citizens temporarily residing therein.
(4) Fingerprinting is waived for every nonimmigrant alien not included in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section who departs from the United States within one year of his or her admission, provided he or she maintains his or her nonimmigrant status during that time; each such alien not previously fingerprinted shall apply therefor at once if he or she remains in the United States in excess of 1 year.
(5) Every nonimmigrant alien not previously fingerprinted shall apply therefor at once upon his or her failure to maintain his or her nonimmigrant status.
* * * * *
(g) Registration and fingerprinting of children who reach age 14. Within 30 days after reaching the age of 14, any alien in the United States not exempt from alien registration under the Act and this chapter, or otherwise by law, must apply for registration and fingerprinting, unless fingerprinting is waived under paragraph (e) of this section, in accordance with applicable form instructions.
(1) Permanent residents. If such alien is a lawful permanent resident of the United States and is temporarily absent from the United States when he or she reaches the age of 14, he or she must apply for registration within 30 days of his or her return to the United States in accordance with applicable form instructions and with the fee specified in 8 CFR 106.2 to replace a permanent resident card The alien must surrender any prior evidence of alien registration, and USCIS will issue the alien new evidence of alien registration.
* * * * *
3. Section 264.5 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows:
§ 264.5
Application for a replacement Permanent Resident Card.
* * * * *
(h) Temporary evidence of registration. USCIS may issue temporary evidence of registration and lawful permanent resident status to a lawful permanent resident or conditional permanent resident alien who has properly filed an application for a replacement permanent resident card or for naturalization, petitioned for the removal of the conditions on his or her residence using the form prescribed by USCIS, or as otherwise determined by USCIS in accordance with the form instructions. The alien must surrender such temporary evidence upon receipt of his or her permanent resident card, unless that temporary evidence was placed by USCIS into the alien's passport.
* * * * *
4. Section 264.6 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) to read as follows:
§ 264.6
Application for a nonimmigrant arrival-departure record.
(a) Eligibility. USCIS may issue a new or replacement arrival-departure record to a nonimmigrant who:
(1) Seeks to replace a lost or stolen record;
(2) Seeks to replace a mutilated record; or
(3) Was not issued an arrival-departure record pursuant to 8 CFR 235.1(h)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), or (v) when last admitted as a nonimmigrant, and has not since been issued such record but now requires one.
* * * * *
Markwayne Mullin,
Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Footnotes
1. DHS had requested, and OMB approved, Form G-325R on an emergency review basis pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3507(j) and 5 CFR 1320.13, on March 5, 2025. See Notice of Action for OMB Control Number 1615-0166 (Mar. 5, 2025), https://www.reginfo.gov. The information collection was submitted to OMB on August 22, 2025 and is pending OMB approval.
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2. See Public Law 76-670, 54 Stat. 670 (June 28, 1940).
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3. See INA sec. 221(b), 8 U.S.C. 1201(b).
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4. See INA sec. 266(a), 8 U.S.C. 1306(a). 8 U.S.C 1306(a) refers to a fine of up to $1,000, but the general fine provisions of 18 U.S.C. 3571 supersede that language. As a class B misdemeanor, the applicable fine is not more than $5,000. See 18 U.S.C. 3559(a)(7).
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5. See INA sec. 264(d), 8 U.S.C. 1304(d). As of March 1, 2003, in accordance with section 1517 of title XV of the HSA, Public Law 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135, any reference to the Attorney General in a provision of the INA describing functions that were transferred from the Attorney General or other DOJ official to DHS by the HSA “shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary” of Homeland Security. 6 U.S.C. 557 (2003) (codifying HSA, title XV, sec. 1517); 6 U.S.C. 542 note; 8 U.S.C. 1551 note.
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6. DHS may waive fingerprinting requirements for some nonimmigrants. Such waivers are in the DHS's discretion, on the basis of reciprocity, and pursuant to such DHS regulations. See INA sec. 262(c), 8 U.S.C. 1302(c). DHS regulations waive fingerprinting requirements for some nonimmigrants, which covers various diplomatic and similar categories; other nonimmigrant aliens, while they maintain nonimmigrant status, who are nationals of countries which do not require fingerprinting of U.S. citizens, temporarily residing therein; and nonimmigrants who depart from the United States within 1 year of admission. See 8 CFR 264.1(e)(1) and (2). A nonimmigrant who fails to maintain his or her nonimmigrant status must apply to be fingerprinted at once upon failing to maintain nonimmigrant status. See 8 CFR 264.1(e)(3).
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7. This includes aliens admitted as B-1/B-2 nonimmigrants through the Visa Waiver Program who were issued a Nonimmigrant Visa Waiver Arrival/Departure Record (Form I-94W).
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8. See 8 CFR 264.1(a).
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9. See 8 CFR 264.1(b).
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10. See Akins v. Saxbe, 380 F. Supp. 1210 (D. Me. 1974); Matter of Yellowquill, 16 I&N Dec. 576 (BIA 1978). Members of the Texas Band of Kickapoo Indians similarly are not required to register. See Texas Band of Kickapoo Act, Public Law 97-429, sec. 4(d) (1983) (“Notwithstanding the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 1101, all members of the Band shall be entitled to freely pass and repass the borders of the United States and to live and work in the United States.”).
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11. While DHS wrote in the IFR that American Indians born in Canada who enter the United States under INA sec. 289, 8 U.S.C. 1359, may register using Form G-325R “if they wish,” this is not consistent with the statute. Just as U.S. citizens and nationals are excluded from “all aliens,” so are American Indians Born in Canada who enter under INA sec. 289, 8 U.S.C. 1359, and members of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas who enter the United States under the Texas Band of Kickapoo Act. If individuals in any of these groups submit Form G-325R to USCIS, USCIS will not register them and instead will send them a notice informing them that they are not required to register.
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12. 12 DHS had requested, and OMB approved, Form G-325R on an emergency review basis pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3507(j) and 5 CFR 1320.13, on March 5, 2025. See Notice of Action, OMB Control Number 1615-0166 (Mar. 5, 2025), https://www.reginfo.gov. The information collection approved on an emergency review basis had a subsequent information collection request for revision of the information collection submitted timely to OMB and thus, USCIS may continue to conduct the information collection while the submission is pending OMB review.
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13. The commenter used the word “alien,” consistent with the terminology in the alien registration provisions of the INA. Other commenters used different terminology. In general, when describing comments in this preamble, DHS has sought to mirror the language used in those comments, sometimes with quotation marks for clarity. Otherwise, DHS has used the statutory term “alien.”
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14. See “Address of Robert H. Jackson, Attorney General of the United States, before the Common Council for American Unity” (Apr. 4, 1941), https://www.justice.gov/​sites/​default/​files/​ag/​legacy/​2011/​09/​16/​04-03-1941.pdf.
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15. See INA sec. 264(b), 8 U.S.C. 1304(b).
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16. USCIS Contact Center, https://www.uscis.gov/​contactcenter (accessed Oct. 24, 2025).
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17. See USCIS, “Disability Accommodations for the Public,” https://www.uscis.gov/​about-us/​disability-accommodations-for-the-public (last updated Oct. 19, 2022).
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18. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​/alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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19. See USCIS, “Disability Accommodations for the Public,” https://www.uscis.gov/​about-us/​disability-accommodations-for-the-public (last updated Oct. 19, 2022).
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20. See USCIS, “Scams, Fraud, and Misconduct,” https://www.uscis.gov/​scams-fraud-and-misconduct/​scams-fraud-and-misconduct (last visited June 23, 2025).
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21. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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22. The exception to this general rule is the Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, which is offered in the Spanish language for employers in Puerto Rico only, and is not filed with USCIS. See USCIS, “I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification,” https://www.uscis.gov/​i-9 (last updated Apr. 2, 2025). USCIS also has a Multilingual Resource Center, https://www.uscis.gov/​tools/​multilingual-resource-center, and a website in Spanish, https://www.uscis.gov/​es/​herramientas/​centro-de-recursos-multilingues.
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23. 23 See USCIS, “G-325R, Biographic Information (Registration),” https://www.uscis.gov/​forms/​all-forms/​g-325r (last updated Apr. 11, 2025).
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24. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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25. The Alien Registration Act of 1940, also known as the Smith Act, required all aliens in the United States beyond 30 days to apply to register and to be fingerprinted. See Public Law 76-670, 54 Stat. 670 (June 28, 1940).
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26. NSEERS was a special registration program implemented by the U.S. government and former INS after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, requiring nonimmigrants from selected countries to report to INS. See 67 FR 52584 (Aug. 12, 2002).
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27. See 50 U.S.C. 21 et seq.
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28. 323 U.S. 214 (1944).
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29. 585 U.S. 667 (2018).
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30. The commenter correctly noted the Supreme Court found that Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), was gravely wrongly decided, overruled in the court of history, and that the decision has no place in law under the U.S. Constitution. See Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. 667, 710 (2018). However, the Court also explained that Korematsu —which dealt with the “forcible relocation of U.S. citizens to concentration camps, solely and explicitly based on race”—was unlawful and outside the scope of the Presidential authority. Id. The Court also found that Korematsu had nothing to do with the proclamation at issue, which prevented entry of nationals who could not be adequately vetted and inducing other nations to improve their practices. See id. Similarly, registration has nothing to do with Korematsu. Implementing the registration provisions codified by Congress is neither objectively unlawful nor outside the scope of the President's or DHS's authority.
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31. See Public Law 103-416, 180 Stat. 4305, 4317 (Oct. 25, 1994).
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32. Congress frequently delegates, in legislation, the authority to agencies to regulate particular aspects. In a number of decisions, however, the Supreme Court has declared that if an agency seeks to decide an issue of major national economic or political significance in regulations its action must be supported by clear congressional authorization. See West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. 697, 732 (2022). For more on the major question doctrine, see Kate R. Bowers, Congressional Research Service (CRS), “The Major Questions Doctrine” (Nov. 2, 2022), https://www.congress.gov/​crs-product/​IF12077.
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33. Although the statutory registration provisions, such as INA sec. 264(a), 8 U.S.C. 1304, refer to the Attorney General, Congress authorized DHS's administration of the INA. As of March 1, 2003, the former INS, which was part of DOJ, ceased to exist and its functions respecting immigration benefits applications, petitions, and requests under INA, including registration, were transferred to USCIS within DHS. See Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 107-296, sec. 471(a) (Nov. 25, 2002); 68 FR 10922 (Mar. 6, 2003).
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34. See INA sec. 264(a), 8 U.S.C. 1304(a) (“The Attorney General and the Secretary of State jointly are authorized and directed to prepare forms for the registration of aliens under section 1301 of this title, and the Attorney General is authorized and directed to prepare forms for the registration and fingerprinting of aliens under section 1302 of this title.”).
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35. Commenters cited Hoffman v. United States, 341 U.S. 479, 486 (1951); Kastigar v. United State s, 406 U.S. 441, 444-45 (1972); and Marchetti v. United States, 390 U.S. 39, 48 (1968).
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36. Brogan v. United States, 522 U.S. 398, 400-06 (1998).
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37. With the exception of Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, which is also available in Spanish for employers in Puerto Rico.
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38. USCIS provides reasonable accommodations in accordance with section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. See USCIS, “Disability Accommodations for the Public,” https://www.uscis.gov/​about-us/​disability-accommodations-for-the-public (last updated Oct. 19, 2022).
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39. See INA sec.101(a)(3), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3).
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40. Commenters cited to Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 629 (1969) (extending the Fourteenth Amendment's State equal protection guarantees to Federal actions through the Fifth Amendment); Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976) (providing that laws disproportionately impacting specific groups must meet strict scrutiny if the classification is based on race or national origin); and Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886) (finding that facially neutral laws may violate equal protection if they are applied in a discriminatory manner).
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41. Even if DHS were to adopt a special registration policy for nationals of certain countries, such classifications under the immigration laws may be made so long as they have a rational basis. See Rajah, 544 F.3d at 438 (rejecting equal protection challenge to NSEERS); see also Narenji v. Civiletti, 617 F.2d 745, 747 (D.C. Cir. 1979) (“Distinctions on the basis of nationality may be drawn in the immigration field by the Congress or the Executive. So long as such distinctions are not wholly irrational they must be sustained.”).
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42. As of March 1, 2023, in accordance with the HSA any reference to the Attorney General in a provision of the INA describing functions that were transferred from the Attorney General or other DOJ official to DHS by the HSA, are deemed to refer to the Secretary of Homeland Security. See 6 U.S.C. 557; see also6 U.S.C. 542 note; 8 U.S.C. 1551 note.
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43. 6 U.S.C. 112(a)(3).
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44. Alien registration has typically been covered by a DHS SORN published pursuant to the Privacy Act of 1974, in particular the A-File SORN. See 82 FR 43556 (Sept. 18, 2017) (SORN for Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection—001 Alien File, Index, and National File Tracking System of Records). Alien registration information may be covered by other DHS systems of records, as noted on the form used to collect such information. This has been true even though many aliens who register are not covered by the Privacy Act of 1974, by law or policy. See 5 U.S.C. 552a(a)(2) (the term “individual” for purposes of the Privacy Act means a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence); see also DHS, ” Privacy Policy and Compliance,” Instruction Number 047-01-001, Revision 00.1 (Feb. 3, 2025), https://www.dhs.gov/​sites/​default/​files/​2025-02/​25_​0205_​mgmt-047-01-001-Privacy-Policy-Compliance-Instruction.pdf.
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45. Public Law 109-13, 119 Stat. 302.
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46. In other context, several federal courts of appeals have found that a registration requirement and notification provisions do not put a physical restraint on an individual's freedom of movement. See, e.g., Williamson v. Gregoire, 151 F.3d 1180, 1184-85 (9th Cir. 1998) (concluding that the sex offender statute requiring the petitioner to register did not constitute a significant restraint on the petitioner's freedom of movement because the law did not specify a place where the petitioner could not travel and did not otherwise impose great burden); Wilson v. Flaherty, 689 F.3d 332, 337-38 (4th Cir. 2012) (same—citing cases).
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47. See UNHCR, Registration and Identity Management, https://www.unhcr.org/​us/​what-we-do/​protect-human-rights/​protection/​registration-and-identity-management; UNHCR, Handbook for Registration (Sept. 2003), available at https://www.refworld.org/​policy/​opguidance/​unhcr/​2003/​en/​20510.
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49. See 8 CFR 264.1(a) and (b). However, DHS notes that if an LPR turns 14, the LPR is required to re-register by filing Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card, pursuant to 8 CFR 264.5.
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50. See USCIS, Form I-90, “Instruction for Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card,” OMB No. 1615-0082 (expires Feb. 28, 2027), https://www.uscis.gov/​sites/​default/​files/​document/​forms/​i-90instr.pdf (“After reaching 14 years of age, a lawful permanent resident must register and submit Form I-90. Registration and fingerprinting are required within 30 days after a child reaches 14 years of age.”).
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51. See Public Law 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681 (1998).
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52. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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53. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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54. Aliens who are exempt from the registration requirement are A and G nonimmigrants in the United States until they cease to be entitled to such nonimmigrant status pursuant to INA sec. 263(b), 8 U.S.C. 1303(b), American Indians born in Canada who entered the United States under INA sec. 289, 8 U.S.C. 1359, and Members of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas who entered the United States under the Texas Band of Kickapoo Act sec. 4(d) of Public Law 97-429 (1983)
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55. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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56. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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57. See USCIS, “Scams, Fraud, and Misconduct,” https://www.uscis.gov/​scams-fraud-and-misconduct/​ scams-fraud-and-misconduct (last visited June 24, 2025).
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58. See USCIS, “Case Inquiry,” https://egov.uscis.gov/​e-request/​ (last visited on Jul. 18, 2025).
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59. See USCIS, Form I-90, “Instruction for Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card,” OMB No. 1615-0082 (expires Feb. 28, 2027).
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60. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9); see also USCIS Contact Center, https://www.uscis.gov/​contactcenter (last updated Oct. 24, 2025).
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61. USCIS Contact Center, https://www.uscis.gov/​contactcenter, (last updated Oct 24, 2025).
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62. See, in particular, 8 CFR 103.16(a), which states that “[a]n individual may be required to submit biometric information by law, regulation, Federal Register notice or the form instructions applicable to the request type or if required in accordance with 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9). DHS may collect and store for present or future use, by electronic or other means, the biometric information submitted by an individual. DHS may use this biometric information to conduct background and security checks, adjudicate immigration and naturalization benefits, and perform other functions related to administering and enforcing the immigration and naturalization laws.”
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63. See E.O. 14159 sec. 1.
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64. USCIS' Electronic Immigration System (ELIS) serves as an internal case management system for electronically filed benefit request forms and certain paper forms, along with providing service and system interconnections. This rule also does not change procedures, practices or requirements of DHS agencies to protect against the unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information that it collects, disseminates, uses, or maintains in accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974. See DHS Privacy Notice and documents cited therein on Form G-325R Instructions and in applicable system of records notices (SORNs) at https://www.dhs.gov/​system-records-notices-sorns.
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65. As of March 1, 2023, in accordance with the HSA any reference to the Attorney General in a provision of the INA describing functions that were transferred from the Attorney or other DOJ official to DHS by the HSA, are deemed to refer to the Secretary of Homeland Security. See 6 U.S.C. 557; see also6 U.S.C. 542 note; 8 U.S.C. 1551 note.
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66. 6 U.S.C. 112(a)(3).
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67. See DHS, ”DHS Policy for Internal Information Exchange and Sharing” (Feb. 1, 2007), https://www.hsdl.org/​?view&​did=​469772.
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68. See DHS, ” Privacy Policy and Compliance,” Instruction Number 047-01-001, Revision 00.1 (Feb. 3, 2025), https://www.dhs.gov/​sites/​default/​files/​2025-02/​25_​0205_​mgmt-047-01-001-Privacy-Policy-Compliance-Instruction.pdf. Alien registration has typically been covered by a DHS SORN published pursuant to the Privacy Act of 1974, in particular the A-File SORN. See 82 FR 43556 (Sept. 18, 2017) (SORN for Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection—001 Alien File, Index, and National File Tracking System of Records). Alien registration information may also be covered by other DHS systems of records, as noted on the registration form used to collect such information.
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69. See USCIS, “Alien Registration Requirement,” https://www.uscis.gov/​alienregistration (last updated May 6, 2025).
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70. See INA sec. 235(a)(1), 8 U.S.C. 1225(a)(1).
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71. The commenter cited to D.C. Circuit's four-factor test used in Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association v. United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 67 F. Supp. 3d 373, 416 (D.D.C. 2014) (citing to Am. Mining Cong. v. Mine Safety & Health Admin., 995 F.2d 1106, 1112 (D.C. Cir. 1993)). The test described in this case is sometimes utilized by courts to distinguish between interpretive rules—which are also exempt from notice-and-comment procedures pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A)—and legislative rules that are subject to notice and comment. The IFR was a procedural rule—a different exception pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A)—and as such, the four-factor test does not apply in this context.
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72. See 90 FR 11793 (Mar. 12, 2025) (describing the historical background on the alien registration requirement under the INA).
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73. See JEM Broad. Co., 22 F.3d at 327; EPIC, 653 F.3d at 6.
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74. See 25 FR 10495 (Nov. 2, 1960) (“This order shall become effective on the date of its publication in the Federal Register . Compliance with the provision of section 4 of the Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 238; 5 U.S.C. 1003) as to notice of proposed rule making and delayed effective date is unnecessary in this instance because the rules prescribed by the order relate to the agency procedure and management.”).
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75. See 35 FR 12268, 12268-69 (July 31, 1970) (invoking the procedural rule exception under the APA). Other rules that modified 8 CFR 264.1 by invoking the procedural rule exception under the APA include78 FR 18457 (Mar. 27, 2013) (adding online I-94 based on exception for “rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice”); 30 FR 13862, 13863 (Nov. 2, 1965) (amending listing of Forms I-90 (Application by Lawful Permanent Resident Alien for Alien Register Receipt) and I-102 (Application by Nonimmigration alien for Replacement of Arrival Document or for Alien Registration) under 8 CFR 264.1(b) without notice and comment as “relat[ing] to agency procedure”); 25 FR 10495 (Nov. 2, 1960) (added the Form I-590 (Registration for Classification as Refugee-Escapee) to 8 CFR 264.1 without notice and comment as “relat[ing] to agency procedure and management.”).
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76. See, e.g., Hoctor v. U.S. Dep't of Agric., 82 F.3d 165, 171-72 (7th Cir. 1996) (observing that there is nothing in the APA to forbid an agency to use notice-and-comment procedures even if not required under the APA and that courts should attach no weight to an agency's varied approaches involving similar rules); see also Indep. Living Res.v. Oregon Arena Cor p., 982 F. Supp. 698, 744 n.62 (D. Or. 1997) (observing that agencies may voluntarily elect notice-and-comment procedures for a variety of reasons even though not required); cf. Perez v. Mortg. Bankers Ass'n, 575 U.S. 92, 101-02 (2015) (noting that agencies may grant additional procedural rights in the exercise of their discretion, including notice and an opportunity to comment when not otherwise required by the APA, but also noting that “reviewing courts are generally not free to impose [additional procedural rights] if the agencies have not chosen to grant them”).
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77. See Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass'n of U.S., Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co, 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983) (“The scope of review under the `arbitrary and capricious' standard is narrow and a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the agency. Nevertheless, the agency must examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for its action including a `rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.' ”).
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78. A historical practice itself does not inform what the law requires. The government cannot be estopped from fulfilling the duty to protect the public interest in accordance with the law and by enforcing the law. See Moran Mar. Assocs. v. U.S. Coast Guard, 526 F. Supp. 335, 342 (D.D.C. 1981), aff'd sub nom. Moran Mar. Assocs. Am. Waterways Operators, Inc. v. U.S. Coast Guard, 679 F.2d 261 (D.C. Cir. 1982) (“The Court agrees that prior inaction by the Coast Guard does not now bar the agency from implementing the clear mandate of the regulation and its authorizing statute.”); Warshauer v. Chao, No. 4:06-CV-0103, 2008 WL 2622799 at *31 (N.D. Ga. 2008), aff'd, 577 F.3d 1330 (11th Cir. 2009) (“Courts repeatedly have held that the government cannot be estopped from enforcing the law even if the Government did not enforce the law in the past.”).
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79. See 90 FR 11793, 11796-11798.
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80. See E.O. 14192, sec. 5 (“Definition. For purposes of this order, the term “regulation” or “rule” means an agency statement of general or particular applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or to describe the procedure or practice requirements of an agency, including, without limitation, regulations, rules, memoranda, administrative orders, guidance documents, policy statements, and interagency agreements, regardless of whether the same were enacted through the processes in the Administrative Procedure Act, but does not include: (a) regulations issued with respect to a military, national security, homeland security, foreign affairs, or immigration-related function of the United States . . . .”).
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81. See Public Law 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681 (1998).
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82. Small Business Administration, A Guide for Government Agencies: How to Comply with the Regulatory Flexibility Act at 22 (Aug. 2017), https://advocacy.sba.gov/​wp-content/​uploads/​2019/​07/​How-to-Comply-with-the-RFA-WEB.pdf.
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83. See State of Texas v. Department of Homeland Security, 24-cv-306 (E.D. Tx Nov. 7, 2024).
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84. See Public Law 99-603, 100 Stat. 3359 (1986).
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85. See 73 FR 76505, 76508 (Dec. 17, 2008) (“DHS notes that Form I-688, “Temporary Resident Card,” and Forms I-688A and I-688B, “Employment Authorization Cards,” are no longer issued and has determined that any such documents that were previously issued have expired. Therefore, this rule removes these documents from List A and any references to the documents in the receipt provision at 8 CFR 274a.2(B)(1)(vi)(C). USCIS now issues Forms I-766 to those who formerly received Forms I-688, I-688A, or I-688B. The Form I-766 remains on List A. 8 CFR 274a.2(b)(1)(v)(A)(4).”); see also, e.g.,76 FR 53764 (Aug. 29, 2011) (removing the entries “I-688”, “I-688A” and “I-688B” from the table in 8 CFR 264.1(b)).
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86. 86 In 1994, the former INS no longer used Form I-691 and removed it as a prescribed form in 8 CFR 299.1. See “Immigration and Nationality Forms,” 59 FR 25555 (May 17, 1994). Form I-700 was accepted between June 1, 1987, and November 30, 1988 for aliens who were eligible under the SAW legalization program, before the sunset date of the application period for temporary resident status on December 1, 1988. See Pub. L 99-603, 100 Stat. 3359, 3417 (1986).
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87. 87 Form I-551, as the exclusive alien registration card for the use of permanent resident aliens replaced Form I-151 and prior registration documents, such as Forms AR-3 and AR-103. See Establishment of Form I-551, Alien Registration Receipt Card, as the Executive Form of Registration for Lawful Permanent Resident, 58 FR 48775 (Sept. 20, 1993). The rule invalidated these documents and bearers of Form I-151 or a prior registration document were directed to replace that document with the current Form I-551. See id.
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88. See Definition of Form I-94 To Include Electronic Format, 78 FR 18457 (Mar. 27, 2013), and Immigration Benefits Business Transformation, Increment I, 76 FR 53764 (Aug. 29, 2011).
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89. See Public Law 104-828, sec. 104 (Sept. 24, 1996).
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90. See INA sec. 221(b); 22 CFR 41.32.
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91. NEXUS, SENTRI, and FAST are cross-border Trusted Travel Programs that facilitate land border crossing of prescreened low-risk travelers and commercial truck drivers through exclusive dedicated lanes. Members in these voluntary programs must meet certain eligibility requirements and pay a 5-year membership fee. NEXUS (the northern border program) and SENTRI (the southern border program) are for drivers and passengers; FAST (Free and Secure Trade for the northern and southern borders) is the commercial equivalent for truck drivers. Global Entry is an international trusted program to expedite clearance of pre-approved, low-risk air travelers into the United States. See DHS, “Trusted Traveler Programs,” https://ttp.dhs.gov/​.
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92. The TTP electronic applications collect basic biographic information and information required by section 264(a) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1304(a).
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93. See 22 CFR 41.26(a)(2). “Diplomatic visa means any nonimmigrant visa, regardless of classification, which bears that title and is issued in accordance with the regulations of this section.”
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94. U.S. Department of State, Foreign Affairs Manual, “Waiver of Personal Appearance/Interviews,” 9 FAM 402.3-4(E) (Mar. 26, 2025), https://fam.state.gov/​FAM/​09FAM/​09FAM040203.html#M402_​3_​4_​E.
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95. Physical photos are not required evidence when filing to replace a permanent resident card. See USCIS, Form I-90, “Instruction for Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card,” OMB No. 1615-0082 (expires Feb. 28, 2027) and USCIS Policy Manual Volume 11, “Travel and Identity Documents,” Part B, “Permanent Resident Cards,” Chapter 2, “Replacement of Permanent Resident Card,” Section D, “Documentation and Evidence,” Subsection 4, “Required Evidence” 11 USCIS-PM B.2(D)(4), https://www.uscis.gov/​policy-manual/​volume-11-part-b-chapter-2 (last updated Dec. 22, 2025).
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96. Also known as an ADIT Stamp. See USCIS Policy Manual, Volume 11, “Travel and Identity Documents,” Part B, “Permanent Resident Cards,” Chapter 2, “Replacement of Permanent Resident Card,” Section F, “Temporary Evidence of Permanent Resident Status,” 11 USCIS-PM B.2(F), https://www.uscis.gov/​policy-manual/​volume-11-part-b-chapter-2 (last updated June 13, 2025).
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97. See USCIS Policy Manual, Volume 6 “Immigrants,” Part I, “Family-Based Conditional Permanent Residents,” Chapter 2, “Terms and Conditions of CPR Status,” “Evidence of CPR Status,” 6 USCIS-PM I.2(C), https://www.uscis.gov/​ policy-manual/volume-6-part-i-chapter-2 (last updated June 13, 2025); USCIS Policy Manual, Volume 12 “Citizenship and Naturalization,” Part D, “General Naturalization Requirements,” Chapter 2, “Lawful Permanent Resident Admission for Naturalization,” “Evidence of LPR Status,” 12 USCIS-PM D.2(A)(4), https://www.uscis.gov/​policy-manual/​volume-12-part-d-chapter-2 (last updated June 13, 2025).
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98. Form I-90 is already used as a registration form for aliens who are LPRs over the age of 14 in accordance with the instructions of the Form I-90. See USCIS, Form I-90, “Instruction for Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card,” OMB No. 1615-0082 (expires Feb. 28, 2027), https://www.uscis.gov/​sites/​default/​files/​document/​forms/​i-90instr.pdf.
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99. See Applicant Processing for Special Agricultural Worker and Legalization Programs; Conforming Amendments, etc., 52 FR 16190 (May 1, 1987).
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100. Id.
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101. Id.
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102. The relevant statutory text states that among the documents establishing both employment authorization and identity is a “resident alien card, alien registration card, or other document designated by the Attorney General, if the document” (emphasis added) contains “a photograph of the individual and such other personal identifying information relating to the individual as the Attorney General finds, by regulation, sufficient for purposes of this subsection,” is “evidence of authorization of employment in the United States,” and “contains security features to make it resistant to tampering, counterfeiting, and fraudulent use.” INA sec. 274A(b)(1)(B)(ii), 8 U.S.C. 1324a(b)(1)(B)(ii).
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103. For example, in FY 2024 USCIS received approximately 600,000 Form I-765s filed by applicants for adjustment of status. More than 700,000 were filed by aliens paroled into the United States. More than 280,000 were filed by nonimmigrant students. More than 65,000 were filed by H-4 nonimmigrant spouses. More than 60,000 were filed by aliens granted asylum. More than 20,000 were filed by aliens with a final order of deportation or removal. More than 1.6 million Form I-765s were filed by aliens with pending asylum applications, many of whom are already registered because they are in removal proceedings, or because they were admitted or paroled into the United States. See USCIS, “Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization, Eligibility Category and Filing Type FY 2024,” https://www.uscis.gov/​sites/​default/​files/​document/​data/​i765_​application_​for_​employment_​fy24.xlsx (last updated Dec. 16, 2024).
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104. The existing regulation also includes “aliens whose claimed entry prior to July 1, 1924, cannot be verified, they having satisfactorily established residence in the United States since prior to July 1, 1924,” but in light of the passage of time, this is now outdated, and DHS is removing it in this final rule.
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105. Electronic delivery of the evidence would be preferred, though if the alien lacked a myUSCIS account then issuance of a physical document may be required.
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106. See Establishment of Form I-551, Alien Registration Receipt Card, as the Executive Form of Registration for Lawful Permanent Residence, 58 FR 48775 (Sept. 20, 1993).
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107. DHS also notes that the changes made by this rule do not render it a “substantive rule” within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. 553(d). The changes are not considered substantive for the same reasons that the rule qualifies as “procedural” with respect to notice-and-comment requirements. The rule adopts as final the IFR—which was itself a procedural rule—and makes technical changes to the names of forms.
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108. On February 21, 2025, the Secretary of State determined that all efforts, conducted by any agency of the Federal Government, to control the status, entry, and exit of people and the transfer of goods, services, data, technology, and any other items across the borders of the United States, constitutes a foreign affairs function of the United States under the APA, 5 U.S.C. 553. See 90 FR 49 (Mar. 14, 2025). The registration of aliens under section 262 of the INA thus relates to the foreign affairs function of the United States pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1) as outlined in the Secretary of States' determination and therefore, the APA's notice and public procedures, as well as any delayed effective date does not apply.
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109. As of May 7, 2026.
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111. The 2.9 million to 3.5 million is the corrected estimate that is updated from the 2.2 million to 3.2 million in the IFR as the latter figures were an earlier estimate and did not include the estimated 500,000 Canadian visitors. DHS also notes that the estimate of annual filing volume of 1,400,000 respondents for purposes of the PRA and Form G-325R (and 779,600 for purposes of biometric services associated with Form G-325R) is different from the average of the estimated population discussed in this section. See 30-day Federal Register Notice for Form G-325R at 90 FR 38655. DHS uses a different method for estimating the average annual number of respondents for the information collection over the 3-year OMB approval of the control number, generally assuming more registrations may be expected to occur in year one than in later years. When the information collection request is nearing expiration, USCIS will update the estimates of annual respondents based on actual results in the submission to OMB. The PRA burden estimates are generally updated at least every 3 years. Thus, the PRA estimated annual respondents would be updated to reflect the actual effects of this rule within a relatively short period after this final rule takes effect.
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112. Estimate calculated by OHSS. This estimate does not include aliens who have already met one or more conditions for registration, and accounts for changes to the alien population from 2022 through 2024 as well as emigration and mortality rates. Other groups already considered registered for purposes of this analysis and not part of the affected population include those who have been issued an I-94 form, were paroled into the United States, were issued an EAD, or were issued an NTA in section 240 removal proceedings.
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113. Other populations would also likely choose to register using with the Form I-94 rather than the Form G-325R. These groups would need to enter at a land Port of Entry: bearers of a Mexican diplomatic or official passport who are military or civilian officials of the Federal Government of Mexico entering the United States for 6 months or less for a purpose other than on assignment as a permanent employee to an office of the Mexican Federal Government in the United States, and the official's spouse or any of the official's dependent family members under 19 years of age, bearing diplomatic or official passports, who are in the actual company of such official at the time of admission into the United States; nonimmigrant alien residing in the British Virgin Islands who is admitted solely to the U.S. Virgin Islands as a visitor for business or pleasure; and citizens of Bermuda entering the United States as B1/B2 visitors. DHS believes are relatively small populations and thus would little impact on the scale of the cost of this rule.
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114. OHSS Estimate of Population.
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115. Most Canadian citizens visiting or in transit through the United States do not need a Form I-94 but for those seeking to register upon entry, they may seek one. See U.S. Customs and Border Protection, "I-94/I-95 Website Travel Record for U.S. Visitors," OMB No. 1651-0111, https://i94.cbp.dhs.gov/​home.
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116. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Office of Performance and Quality, ELIS, queried 05/2026, PAER0021329.
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117. Calculation: 78,944 Canadian receipts/142,982 total receipts = 0.552 (rounded) or approximately 55.2 percent.
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118. ibid.
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119. ibid.
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120. The respondent burden to file Form G-325R is discussed in the IFR at 90 FR 11793 (Mar. 12, 2025) and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice at 90 FR 38655 (August 11, 2025).
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121. See Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), “Occupational Employment and Wages News Release—Occupational Employment and Wages—May 2024” Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupation employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2024. All Occupations—Mean Hourly Wage, https://www.bls.gov/​news.release/​archives/​ocwage_​04022025.htm (last updated Apr. 2, 2025).
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122. See Bureau of Labor Statistics, DOL, Economic News Release, “Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for civilian workers by occupation and industry group,” Table 2 (last updated Sept. 12, 2025), https://www.bls.gov/​news.release/​archives/​ecec_​09122025.pdf.
Calculation: $48.05 total compensation for civilian workers/$33.02 wages and salaries for civilian workers = 1.46 (rounded) compensation-to-wage ratio.
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123. Calculation: $32.66 mean hourly wage for all occupations * 1.46 compensation-to-wage ratio = $47.68 (rounded) estimated mean total compensation.
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124. Since publication of the IFR, USCIS made non-rule related changes to Form G-325R that are unrelated to the final rule, in accordance with 5 CFR 1320.12, as this information collection is already covered in existing regulation under the INA and 8 CFR part 264. The non-rule related changes resulted in an increase to the estimated time burden to submit Form G-325R from 0.67 hours to 2.5 hours. This is an increase of 1.83 hours per alien registrant. The estimated time burden to file Form G-325R can be found in Supporting Statement A submitted with the revision package to OMB on August 22, 2025 at https://www.reginfo.gov/​public/​do/​PRAViewDocument?​ref_​nbr=​202508-1615-002.
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125. Calculation: 2.5 hours to file Form G-325R * $47.68 mean hourly post-transfer compensation for all occupations = $119.20 (rounded) opportunity cost of time to file Form G-325R.
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126. The estimated time burden to file Form G-325R can be found in Supporting Statement A submitted with the revision package to OMB on August 22, 2025 at https://www.reginfo.gov/​public/​do/​PRAViewDocument?​ref_​nbr=​202508-1615-002.
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127. Calculation: 1.17 hours to submit biometrics * $47.68 mean hourly post-transfer compensation = $55.79 (rounded) opportunity cost of time to submit biometrics.
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128. These are the same parameters used in other USCIS rules. See, e.g., “Provisional Unlawful Presence Waivers of Inadmissibility for Certain Immediate Relatives,” 78 FR 536, 578 (Jan. 3, 2013).
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129. Calculation: 2.5 hours to travel to and from an ASC * $47.68 mean hourly post-transfer compensation = $119.20 (rounded) opportunity cost of time to travel to and from an ASC.
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130. For use of a privately owned automobile, see General Services Administration, “Privately Owned Vehicle (POV) Mileage Reimbursement Rate,” https://www.gsa.gov/​travel/​plan-book/​transportation-airfare-pov-etc/​privately-owned-vehicle-pov-mileage-reimbursement-rates (last updated Dec. 30, 2024).
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131. Calculation: $0.70 cost per vehicle mile * 50 miles to and from an ASC = $35.00 vehicle costs to travel to and from an ASC.
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132. Calculation: $35 vehicle costs to travel to and from an ASC + $119.20 opportunity cost of time to travel to and from an ASC + $55.79 opportunity cost of time to submit biometrics = $209.99 to submit biometrics at an ASC.
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133. Calculation: $119.20 to file Form G-325R + $209.99 to submit biometrics at an ASC = $329.19 to register and submit biometrics.
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134. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Office of Performance and Quality, ELIS, queried 05/2026, PAER0021329..
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135. Calculations: $119.20 to file Form G-325R * 142,982 receipts = $17,043,454 (rounded) or $17.0 million opportunity cost of time to register.
Calculation: $209.99 to submit biometrics at an ASC * 20,302 completed ASC appointments = $4,263,217 (rounded) or $4.3 million costs to submit biometrics at an ASC.
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136. Calculation: $17.0 million opportunity cost of time + $4.3 million cost to submit biometrics = $21.3 million.
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137. See 90 FR 11793, 11796 (Mar. 12, 2025).
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138. Calculation: $30 to process biometrics for Form G-325R * 20,302 completed ASC appointments = $609,060 or $0.6 million to process biometrics for Form G-325R.
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139. Calculation: $21.3 million costs to submit Form G-325R and biometrics + $0.6 million to process biometrics = $21.9 million.
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140. USCIS made 5 CFR 1320.12 non-rule form related changes to Form G-325R that are unrelated to the changes made to the rule between the IFR and the final rule, in accordance with 5 CFR 1320.12, as this information collection is already covered in existing regulation under the INA and 8 CFR part 264. This increased the estimated time burden to submit Form G-325R from 0.67 hours to 2.5 hours. This is an increase of 1.83 hours per alien registrant.
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141. Calculation: 500,000 Canadian visitors * $119.20 opportunity cost of time of 2.5 hours to submit Form G-325R = $59.60 million (rounded) additional burden to submit Form I-94 for Canadian visitors.
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142. 142 U.S. Small Business Administration, “A Guide for Government Agencies: How to Comply with the Regulatory Flexibility Act” at 22 (Aug. 2017), https://advocacy.sba.gov/​wp-content/​uploads/​2019/​07/​How-to-Comply-with-the-RFA-WEB.pdf.
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143. See 2 U.S.C. 1532(a).
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144. See BLS, “Historical Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items, by month,” https://www.bls.gov/​cpi/​tables/​supplemental-files/​historical-cpi-u-202412.pdf (last visited June 23, 2025). Calculation of inflation: (1) Calculate the average monthly CPI-U for the reference year (1995) and the current year (2024); (2) Subtract reference year CPI-U from current year CPI-U; (3) Divide the difference of the reference year CPI-U and current year CPI-U by the reference year CPI-U; (4) Multiply by 100 = [(Average monthly CPI-U for 2024-Average monthly CPI-U for 1995) ÷ (Average monthly CPI-U for 1995)] × 100 = [(313.689 −152.383) ÷ 152.383] = (161.306/152.383) = 1.0586 × 100 = 105.86 percent = 106 percent (rounded). Calculation of inflation-adjusted value: $100 million in 1995 dollars × 2.06 = $206 million in 2024 dollars.
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145. The term “Federal mandate” means a Federal intergovernmental mandate or a Federal private sector mandate. See 2 U.S.C. 1502(1), 658(6).
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146. Public Law 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681 (Oct. 21, 1998).
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147. The Instruction Manual contains DHS's procedures for implementing NEPA and was issued on November 6, 2014, https://www.dhs.gov/​ocrso/​eed/​epb/​nepa (last updated July 29, 2025).
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148. See 42 U.S.C. 4336(a)(2), 4336e(1).
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149. See Instruction Manual, Appendix A, Table 1.
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150. Instruction Manual 023-01 at V.B(2)(a) through (c).
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151. DHS had requested, and OMB approved Form G-325R on an emergency review basis pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 3507(j) and 5 CFR 1320.13, on March 5, 2025. See Notice of Action for OMB Control Number 1615-0166 (Mar. 5, 2025), https://www.reginfo.gov. The information collection was submitted to OMB on August 22, 2025 and is pending OMB approval.
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[FR Doc. 2026-13057 Filed 6-25-26; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 9111-97-P
Título original: Alien Registration Form and Evidence of Registration
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