白宫发布行政令保护委内瑞拉石油收入,与签证政策无直接关联
发布日期 2026年1月15日生效日期 2026年1月9日
第14373号行政令宣布国家紧急状态,禁止对存放在美国财政部的委内瑞拉政府石油收入资金采取扣押或司法程序。该命令指示财政部和国务院将这些资金作为主权财产管理,但并未改变美国签证、移民或入境规定。
要点
- 禁止对委内瑞拉政府石油收入资金实施扣押、留置权或其他司法程序。
- 宣布这些资金为委内瑞拉政府的主权财产,不得用于美国境内的商业用途。
- 要求财政部长按照国务院的指示处理资金的划拨或转移事宜。
- 命令提及减少非法移民和毒品走私等外交政策目标,但未设立任何新的签证或移民规则。
影响对象
此命令主要影响美国金融机构、财政部以及对委内瑞拉政府资产提出法律索赔的各方,对普通签证申请人或移民没有直接影响。
全文翻译
官方原文全文已于 2026-10-13 保存在本站。即使原链接变更或被删除，仍可在此查看全文。译文由 AI 逐段翻译，仅英文原文具有法律效力。
2026年1月9日第14373号行政命令
Executive Order 14373 of January 9, 2026
为美国人民和委内瑞拉人民的利益保护委内瑞拉石油收入
Safeguarding Venezuelan Oil Revenue for the Good of the American and Venezuelan People
依据美利坚合众国宪法和法律,包括《国际紧急经济权力法》(50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)(IEEPA)、《国家紧急状态法》(50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)(NEA)以及美国法典第3编第301条赋予我作为总统的权力,现命令如下:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered:
第一节. 调查结果。作为行政首长和三军统帅,我认定,对本命令第二节所界定的外国政府存款资金实施查封或施加其他司法程序的威胁,将对美国的国家安全和外交政策造成实质性损害。
Section 1 . Findings. As Chief Executive and Commander in Chief, I find that the threat of attachment or the imposition of other judicial process against the Foreign Government Deposit Funds, as defined in section 2 of this order, will materially harm the national security and foreign policy of the United States.
具体而言,对外国政府存款资金实施查封或施加其他司法程序,将严重干扰我们为确保委内瑞拉经济和政治稳定所作出的关键努力。这些关键努力一旦失败,将危及美国的重大外交政策目标,包括:制止导致无数美国公民死亡的非法移民大量涌入和非法毒品泛滥的危险局面;保护美国利益免受伊朗和真主党等恶意行为者的侵害;以及为委内瑞拉人民乃至整个西半球带来和平、繁荣与稳定。
Specifically, the attachment or the imposition of other judicial process against the Foreign Government Deposit Funds will substantially interfere with our critical efforts to ensure economic and political stability in Venezuela. The failure of these critical efforts would jeopardize major foreign policy objectives of the United States, including: ending the dangerous influx of illegal immigrants and the flood of illicit narcotics, which has resulted in the death of countless thousands of American citizens; protecting American interests against malign actors such as Iran and Hezbollah; and bringing peace, prosperity, and stability to the Venezuelan people and to the Western Hemisphere more generally.
因此,保全外国政府存款资金对美国而言至关重要。我特此认定,对外国政府存款资金实施查封或施加司法程序的可能性,构成对美国国家安全和外交政策的异常和特殊威胁,该威胁的来源全部或主要源自美国境外,我特此宣布就该威胁进入国家紧急状态。
Accordingly, the preservation of the Foreign Government Deposit Funds is of the utmost importance to the United States. I therefore find that the possibility of attachment or the imposition of judicial process against the Foreign Government Deposit Funds constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, and I hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
第二节. 定义。就本命令而言,“外国政府存款资金”系指以委内瑞拉政府或其机构或代理机构(包括委内瑞拉中央银行和委内瑞拉国家石油公司)名义支付给或由美国政府持有于美国财政部指定账户中的资金,或为委内瑞拉政府或其机构或代理机构所持有的资金,且该等资金来源于向委内瑞拉政府或其机构或代理机构出售自然资源或出售稀释剂所得。
Sec. 2 . Definition. For the purposes of this order, “Foreign Government Deposit Funds” means funds paid to or held by the United States Government in designated United States Department of the Treasury accounts or funds on behalf of the Government of Venezuela or its agencies or instrumentalities, including the Central Bank of Venezuela and Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A., that are derived from either the sale of natural resources from, or the sale of diluents to, the Government of Venezuela or its agencies or instrumentalities.
第三节. 外国政府存款资金的保全。(a)除非根据本命令获得许可或另行授权,任何针对外国政府存款资金的查封、判决、裁定、留置、强制执行、扣押或其他司法程序均予以禁止,并应视为无效。
Sec. 3 . Preservation of Foreign Government Deposit Funds. (a) Unless licensed or otherwise authorized pursuant to this order, any attachment, judgment, decree, lien, execution, garnishment, or other judicial process is prohibited, and shall be deemed null and void, with respect to the Foreign Government Deposit Funds.
(b)外国政府存款资金不得转让、支付、出口、提取或以其他方式处置,但根据本命令可能颁布的法规、命令、指令或许可所规定的范围除外,且不论本命令生效日期之前订立的任何合同或授予的任何许可或许可证如何规定。(印刷页2046)
(b) No Foreign Government Deposit Funds may be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in, except to the extent provided by regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order. ( printed page 2046)
(c)本命令及依据本命令采取的行动,凡此前颁布的任何行政命令及依据该等命令采取的任何行动涉及冻结、规范或以其他方式影响外国政府存款资金的,本命令及依据本命令采取的行动均应予以适用,不受其限制。就此前颁布的任何行政命令及依据该等命令采取的任何行动涉及冻结、规范或以其他方式影响外国政府存款资金而言,本命令及依据本命令采取的行动应取代该等命令及行动。
(c) This order and actions taken pursuant to this order shall apply notwithstanding any previously issued Executive Order, and any action taken pursuant to such an order, to the extent such order or action blocks, regulates, or otherwise affects the Foreign Government Deposit Funds. This order and actions taken pursuant to this order shall supersede any previously issued Executive Order, and any action taken pursuant to such an order, to the extent such order or action blocks, regulates, or otherwise affects the Foreign Government Deposit Funds.
第四节. 总统的补充调查结果和决定。我特此决定和认定:
Sec. 4 . Additional Presidential Findings and Determinations. I hereby determine and find that:
(a)所有权。外国政府存款资金构成委内瑞拉政府的财产,不构成任何私人方的财产,包括委内瑞拉或其机构或代理机构的判决债权人,或与委内瑞拉或其机构或代理机构进行过或正在进行商业交易的商业行为者。
(a) Ownership. The Foreign Government Deposit Funds constitute property of the Government of Venezuela and do not constitute the property of any private party, including judgment creditors of Venezuela or its agencies or instrumentalities, or commercial actors that transacted or are transacting business with Venezuela or its agencies or instrumentalities.
(b)美国持有的保管性质。美国政府将仅以保管人和政府的身份持有外国政府存款资金,而非作为市场参与者持有该等资金。
(b) Custodial Nature of United States Possession. The United States Government will hold the Foreign Government Deposit Funds solely in a custodial and governmental capacity, and not as a market participant.
(c) 在美国境内无商业使用。外国政府存款资金:
(c) Absence of Commercial Use in the United States. The Foreign Government Deposit Funds:
(i) 过去未曾用于、今后也不得用于美国境内的任何商业活动;且
(i) have not been, and shall not be, used for any commercial activity in the United States; and
(ii) 应予保留,等待国务卿代表委内瑞拉政府就公共、政府或外交目的作出的主权处置决定。
(ii) shall be held pending sovereign disposition for public, governmental, or diplomatic purposes determined by the Secretary of State, on behalf of the Government of Venezuela.
(d) 政府目的。保留和管理外国政府存款资金服务于公共主权目的,包括遵守国际义务、履行政府职能以及维护外交和外交政策目标。
(d) Governmental Purpose. The retention and administration of the Foreign Government Deposit Funds serve public sovereign purposes, including compliance with international obligations, the performance of government functions, and the maintenance of diplomatic and foreign policy objectives.
(e) 不放弃豁免权。将外国政府存款资金存入美国财政部存款账户或任何相关安排或活动,均不构成对任何扣押、判决、裁决、留置权、执行、扣发薪资或其他司法程序所享有的主权豁免权的明示或默示放弃,也不构成为就针对该等资金的私人索赔强制执行而同意任何法院管辖权。
(e) No Waiver of Immunity. Neither the placement of the Foreign Government Deposit Funds in a United States Department of the Treasury deposit account nor any related arrangement or activity constitutes an express or implied waiver of sovereign immunity from any attachment, judgment, decree, lien, execution, garnishment, or other judicial process, or consent to the jurisdiction of any court for purposes of enforcing private claims against such funds.
(f) 国际礼让与对外关系。针对外国政府存款资金的任何扣押、判决、裁决、留置权、执行、扣发薪资或其他司法程序,均将干扰美国对外关系的行使,并损害国际礼让原则。
(f) International Comity and Foreign Relations. Any attachment, judgment, decree, lien, execution, garnishment, or other judicial process against the Foreign Government Deposit Funds would interfere with the conduct of the foreign relations of the United States and undermine principles of international comity.
第5条。外国政府存款资金的处理。(a) 财政部长在持有外国政府存款资金时,应当:
Sec. 5 . Treatment of Foreign Government Deposit Funds. (a) In holding the Foreign Government Deposit Funds, the Secretary of the Treasury shall:
(i) 以明确反映该等资金作为委内瑞拉政府由美国托管的主权财产,而非美国财产的方式对其进行标示;
(i) designate such funds in a manner that clearly reflects their status as sovereign property of the Government of Venezuela held in custody by the United States, and not as the property of the United States;
(ii) 遵守国务卿就外国政府存款资金的支付或转移可能作出的指示,并不得允许该等资金被用于任何其他目的;且
(ii) comply with instructions regarding disbursements or transfers of the Foreign Government Deposit Funds as may be determined by the Secretary of State, and not permit such funds to be used for any other purpose; and
(iii) 酌情与国务卿、司法部长及能源部长协商。
(iii) consult, as appropriate, with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Energy.
(b) 财政部长和司法部长获授权并被指示在任何司法或行政程序中,依照本行政令及适用法律,主张外国政府存款资金的主权豁免权。
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General are authorized and directed to assert, in any judicial or administrative proceeding, the sovereign immunity of the Foreign Government Deposit Funds consistent with this order and applicable law.
第6条。执行管理。(a) 财政部长经与国务卿、司法部长及能源部长(印刷页第2047页)协商后,获授权采取必要行动,包括颁布规则和条例,并行使《国际紧急经济权力法》(IEEPA)授予总统的一切权力,以实现本行政令的目的。财政部长可依照适用法律,将上述任何职能在财政部内重新授权。美国联邦政府各行政部门和机构(机构)负责人应在其职权范围内采取一切适当措施,以执行本行政令。
Sec. 6 . Administration. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of ( printed page 2047) Energy, is authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to the President by IEEPA as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of these functions within the Department of the Treasury. The head of each executive department and agency (agency) of the United States Government shall take all appropriate measures within the agency's authority to implement this order.
(b) 财政部长经与国务卿协商后,现获授权依照《国家紧急状态法》第401(c)条(《美国法典》第50编第1641(c)条)和《国际紧急经济权力法》第204(c)条(《美国法典》第50编第1703(c)条)的规定,就本行政令宣布的国家紧急状态向国会提交定期报告和最终报告。
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to submit recurring and final reports to the Congress on the national emergency declared in this order, consistent with section 401(c) of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1641(c)) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(c)).
第7条。一般规定。(a) 本行政令的任何内容不得被解释为损害或以其他方式影响:
Sec. 7 . General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) 法律授予某一行政部门或机构,或其负责人的职权;或
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) 行政管理和预算局局长在预算、行政或立法提案方面的职能。
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) 本行政令应依照适用法律执行,并以拨款的可用性为前提。
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) 本行政令无意、也不会在美国及其各部门、机构或实体,其官员、雇员或代理人,或任何其他人之间,为任何一方创设任何可在法律上或衡平法上执行的实体性或程序性权利或利益。
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) 本行政令的公布费用由财政部承担。
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of the Treasury.
白宫,
THE WHITE HOUSE,
2026年1月9日。
January 9, 2026.
[联邦公报文件编号 2026-00831
[FR Doc. 2026-00831
存档日期:2026年1月14日上午11:15]
Filed 1-14-26; 11:15 am]
账单代码 4810-25-P
Billing code 4810-25-P